Public Sector Undertakings In India: In India, Public Sector Undertakings are the Government owned companies defined under Section 2(45) of the Companies Act, 2013. In Public Sector Enterprises, the Government of India owns the paid share capital of 51% or more. Public sector undertakings (PSUs) play a major role in India's economic development. Public Sector Companies in India provide various services to the general public. PSUs create more job opportunities which will promote economic growth and this will increase the country's GDP. Public sector undertaking companies are from various departments like manufacturing, telecommunications, energy, mining, textile, defense, and transportation. Public sector undertakings in India are controlled by the Government designated Chairperson and General Manager. India faced major financial problems after Independence. New public sector companies were formed as a result of the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956. Public sector companies are incorporated under the Companies Act, of 1956. These PSUs are popular for their size, market share, and economic impact. Here topics like public sector unit, public sector undertaking in India, public sector unit in India, psus meaning, public sector units, what is public sector unit, govt sector, public sector undertakings in Hindi, public sector undertakings banks, public sector undertakings upsc, public sector undertakings in india upsc, public sector unit means, public sector undertakings meaning, public sector undertakings in Tamilnadu, public sector units in India are discussed in detail.

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Best performing Public Sector Undertakings are named Miniratna, Navaratna, and Maharatna companies. Candidates can check the below link to learn about the list of Maharatna companies in India in detail.

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What are Public Sector Enterprises?

Public Sector Enterprises also called Public Sector Undertakings are the business units owned, managed, and controlled by the central or state government. A public sector enterprise is defined as any commercial or industrial sector owned and managed by the government to increase social welfare and honor the public interest. 

Public sector enterprises include Nationalized private sector enterprises like Banks, LIC, and so on.

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Basic Characteristics of Public Sector Undertakings

The basic characteristics of the Public Sector Undertakings in India. They are explained in detail as follows,

• Government Ownership and Management
• Financed from Government Funds
• Public Welfare
• Public Utility Services
• Public Accountability
• Excessive Formalities

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Government Ownership and Management

Here the enterprises are owned and managed by the central or state government or a local authority. Public enterprises are either wholly owned by the government or they are partly owned by the government and partly by the private industrialists and the public. In some cases, control, management, and ownership are mainly with the government. For example, NTPC is established by the Central Government and a part of its capital is shared by the public.

Financed from Government Funds

These public enterprises receive capital from the Government Funds and the funds are made provision in the budget itself.

Public Welfare

Here public enterprises are not started on the profit motive. They mainly focus on providing service at reasonable prices. For example, IOC and GAIL provide petroleum and gas to the public at subsidized prices.

Public Utility Services

These public enterprises provide public utility services like transport, electricity, telecommunication, etc.

Public Accountability

Public enterprises are governed by the public policies formulated by the government and they are subject to the legislature.

Excessive Formalities

Public enterprises face excessive formalities in their operations as to government rules and regulations. 

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Forms of Public Enterprises

Here we have provided the forms of organisation used for the public sector enterprises in India. The forms are classified as,

• Departmental Undertaking
• Statutory (or Public) Corporation
• Government Company

Departmental Undertaking:

This form is mainly used for the provision of essential services like railways, postal services, broadcasting, etc. These organizations work under the control of the ministry of the Government. They are financed and controlled by the government department. 

Statutory (or Public) Corporation:

A Statutory Corporation is a corporate body made by the Parliament or State Legislature by a special Act. This will describe its powers and functions. A statutory corporation is also known as a public corporation whose capital is fully owned by the government. 

Government Company:

A Government Company is a company that has a paid-up capital of 51 percent or more by the government. These companies are registered under the Companies Act.

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Types of Public Sector Enterprises

Public Sector Enterprises are classified into three types. They are as follows,

• Central Public Sector Enterprises
• Public Sector Banks
• State Level Public Enterprises

Central Public Sector Enterprises

The Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) list is given below. Check the below details to know the complete details of Public Sector Undertakings example, Public Sector Undertakings company in India, Public Sector Undertaking in Tamilnadu, Public Sector Banks in India, Top 10 Public Sector companies in India, and list of Government companies in India.

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Schedule-wise List of Central Public Sector Enterprises

Schedule - A

1. Airports Authority of India

2. Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited

3. Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited

4. BEML Limited

5. Bharat Electronics Limited

6. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

7. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited

8. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

9. Central Warehousing Corporation

10. Coal India Limited

11. Container Corporation of India Limited

12. Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited

13. Electronics Corporation of India Limited

14. Engineers India Limited

15. Fertilizers & Chemicals (Travancore) Limited

16. Food Corporation of India

17. GAIL (India) Limited

18. Grid Controller of India Limited

19. Heavy Engineering Corporation Limited

20. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

21. Hindustan Copper Limited

22. Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited

23. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited

24. HMT Limited

25. Housing & Urban Development Corporation Limited

26. I T I Limited

27. Indian Oil Corporation Limited

28. IRCON International Limited

29. Indian Railway Finance Corporation Limited

30. Karmyogi Bharat

31. KIOCL Limited

32. Konkan Railway Corporation Limited

33. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited

34. Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemicals Limited

35. Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited

36. MECON Limited

37. MMTC Limited

38. MOIL Limited

39. Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation Limited

40. Munitions India Limited

41. National Aluminium Company Limited

42. National Fertilizers Limited

43. National Textiles Corporation Limited

44. NBCC (India) Limited

45. NewSpace India Limited

46. NHPC Limited

47. NLC India Limite

48. NMDC Limited

49. North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited

50. NTPC Limited

51. Numaligarh Refinery Limited

52. Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited

53. Oil India Limited

54. ONGC Videsh Limited

55. Power Finance Corporation Limited

56. Power Grid Corporation of India Limited

57. RITES Limited

58. RailTel Corporation of India Limited

59. Rail Vikas Nigam Limited

60. Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited

61. Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited

62. Rural Electrification Corporation Limited

63. Security Printing & Minting Corporation of India Limited

64. Shipping Corporation of India Limited

65. SJVN Limited

66. Solar Energy Corporation of India Limited

67. State Trading Corporation of India Limited

68. Steel Authority of India Limited

69. Telecommunications Consultants (India) Limited

70. THDC India Limited

71. Yantra India Limited

Schedule - B

1. Andrew Yule & Company Limited

2. Air India Assets Holding Company Limited

3. Balmer Lawrie & Company Limited

4. Bharat Coking Coal Limited

5. Bharat Dynamics Limited

6. Bharat Gas Resources Limited

7. Bharat Petro Resources Limited

8. Bharat Pumps & Compressors Limited

9. Brahmaputra Crackers & Polymers Limited

10. Brahmaputra Valley Fertilizer Corporation Limited

11. Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council

12. Braithwaite & Company Limited

13. Bridge & Roof Company (India) Limited

14. British India Corporation Limited

15. Burn Standard Company Limited

16. Cement Corporation of India Limited

17. Central Coalfields Limited

18. Central Electronics Limited

19. Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited

20. Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited

21. Cochin Shipyard Limited

22. Cotton Corporation of India Limited

23. Eastern Coalfields Limited

24. Engineering Projects (India) Limited

25. Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited

26. Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited

27. Gliders India Limited

28. Goa Shipyard Limited

29. Handicrafts & Handlooms Export Corporation Limited

30. Hindustan Cables Limited

31. Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation Limited

32. HLL Lifecare Limited

33. Hindustan Organic Chemicals Limited

34. Hindustan Shipyard Limited

35. Hindustan Steelworks Construction Company Limited

36. HMT (International) Limited

37. HMT Machine Tools Limited

38. HMT Watches Limited

39. India Optel Limited

40. India Tourism Development Corporation Limited

41. India Trade Promotion Organization

42. Indian Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Limited

43. Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation Limited

44. Indian Rare Earths Limited

45. Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited

46. Instrumentation Limited

47. M S T C Limited.

48. Madras Fertilizers Limited

49. Mahanadi Coalfields Limited

50. Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited

51. Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited

52. National Film Development Corporation Limited

53. National Handloom Development Corporation Limited

54. National Jute Manufacturers Corporation Limited

55. National Projects Construction Corporation Limited

56. National Seeds Corporation Limited

57. National Small Industries Corporation Limited

58. Northern Coalfields Limited

59. Orissa Mineral Development Company Limited

60. PEC Limited

61. Pawan Hans Limited

62. Projects & Development India Limited

63. Scooters India Limited

64. South Eastern Coalfields Limited

65. Troop Comforts Limited

66. Uranium Corporation of India Limited

67. W A P C O S Limited

68. Western Coalfields Limited

Schedule - C

1. Andaman & Nicobar Islands Forest & Plantation Development Corporation

   Limited

2. Artificial Limbs Mfg. Corporation of India

3. Brithwaite Burn & Jessop Construction Company Limited

4. Bengal Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Limited

5.  The Bisra Stone Lime Company Limited

6. Broadcast Engineering Consultants India Limited

7. Central Cottage Industries Corporation of India Limited

8. Central Inland Water Transport Corporation Limited

9. Certification Engineers International Limited

10. Delhi Police Housing Corporation

11. EdCIL (India) Limited

12. FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals (India) Limited

13. Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited

14. Hindustan Antibiotics Limited

15. HIL (India) Limited

16. Hindustan Photo Films Manufacturing Company Limited

17. Hindustan Prefab Limited

18. Hindustan Salts Limited

19. Hooghly Dock and Port Engineers Limited

20. HSCC (India) Limited

21. Hotel Corporation of India Limited

22. The Jute Corporation of India Limited

23. Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals Ltd

24. Nagaland Pulp & Paper Company Limited

25. National Backward Classes Finance & Development Corporation.

26. National Handicapped Finance & Development Corporation.

27. National Minorities Development & Finance Corporation

28. National Research Development Corporation of India.

29. National Safai Karamcharis Finance & Development Corporation.

30. National Scheduled Castes Finance & Development Corporation

31. National Scheduled Tribes Finance & Development Corporation

32. NEPA Limited

33. North Eastern Handicrafts & Handloom Development Corporation Limited

34. North Eastern Regional Agricultural Marketing Corporation Limited

35. Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited

36. Richardson & Cruddas (1972) Limited

37. STCL Limited

38. Tungabhadra Steel Products Limited

Schedule - D

1. Birds Jute & Exports Limited 

2. Hindustan Fluorocarbons Limited

3. Indian Medicines Pharmaceutical Corporation Limited

4. Orissa Drugs & Chemicals Limited

5. Rajasthan Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Limited

Public Sector Enterprises: FAQs

Q. What are Public Sector Undertakings?

A. Public Sector Undertakings are the business units owned, managed, and controlled by the central or state government.

Q. What is the main objective of PSUs in India?

A. Public sector undertakings (PSUs) are major in India's economic development. Public Sector Companies in India provide various services to the general public. PSUs create more job opportunities which will promote economic growth and this will increase the country's GDP.

Q. What are the forms of PSUs?

A. PSUs are classified into three forms. They are Departmental undertakings, Statutory Corporations, and government companies.

Q. What are the characteristics of PSUs?

A. The characteristics of PSUs are Government Ownership and Management, Financed from Government Funds, Public Welfare, Public Utility Services, Public Accountability, and Excessive Formalities.