Dear Readers, Daily Current Affairs Questions Quiz for SBI, IBPS, RBI, RRB, SSC Exam 2025 of 02nd August 2025. Daily GK quiz online for bank & competitive exam. Here we have given the Daily Current Affairs Quiz based on the previous days Daily Current Affairs updates. Candidates preparing for IBPS, SBI, RBI, RRB, SSC Exam 2025 & other competitive exams can make use of these Current Affairs Quiz.

 

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1) Recently, the National Payments Corporation of India Introduces Revised Unified Payments Interface Rules from August 1, 2025. How many times can a user check their bank balance via UPI apps per day under the new rules?

(a) 10 times

(b) 25 times

(c) 50 times

(d) Unlimited

(e) 100 times

2) According to the Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025, Which fund will now receive a wider scope of unclaimed bank funds under the new amendments?

(a) Prime Minister’s Relief Fund

(b) Investor Protection and Education Fund (IEPF)

(c) National Disaster Relief Fund

(d) Banking Ombudsman Fund

(e) None of the above

3) How much penalty did 11 Public Sector Banks (PSBs) collect in the last five years for non-maintenance of minimum balance?

(a) ₹5,000 crore

(b) ₹7,500 crore

(c) ₹9,000 crore

(d) ₹12,000 crore

(e) ₹15,000 crore

4) When were cardamom futures contracts last discontinued by the Multi-Commodity Exchange of India (MCX)?

(a) 2019

(b) 2023

(c) 2022

(d) 2021

(e) 2018

5) What is the concessional government guarantee fee rate notified for NaBFID?

(a) 0.05%

(b) 0.1%

(c) 0.5%

(d) 1%

(e) 1.5%

6) What is the minimum investment requirement for Special Investment Funds (SIFs) as per SEBI's new mandate?

(a) ₹1 lakh

(b) ₹5 lakh

(c) ₹10 lakh

(d) ₹25 lakh

(e) ₹50 lakh

7) What is the total outlay approved for National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) under the new Central Sector Scheme?

(a) ₹1,000 crore

(b) ₹2,000 crore

(c) ₹5,000 crore

(d) ₹10,000 crore

(e) ₹20,000 crore

8) What is the total approved outlay of Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY) in the 15th Finance Commission Cycle?

(a) ₹4,600 crore

(b) ₹5,000 crore

(c) ₹6,520 crore

(d) ₹7,200 crore

(e) ₹8,000 crore

9) As per the report, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has approved four key railway infrastructure projects with a total investment of ₹11,169 crore (approx.). What is the total length being added to the railway network?

(a) 350 km

(b) 574 km

(c) 750 km

(d) 1,000 km

(e) 1,200 km

10) Where was India's 1 MW Green Hydrogen Power Plant inaugurated?

(a) Jawaharlal Nehru Port, Mumbai

(b) Deendayal Port Authority, Kandla

(c) Paradip Port, Odisha

(d) Chennai Port, Tamil Nadu

(e) Vizag Port, Andhra Pradesh

11) Recently, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas has launched the ‘Apna Ghar’ initiative, providing essential facilities for truckers during their long-haul journeys.  How many 'Apna Ghar' centres were operational as of 1 July 2025?

(a) 250

(b) 1,000

(c) 500

(d) 750

(e) 368

12) What percentage of reciprocal tariffs did U.S. President Trump announce on Indian goods?

(a) 10%

(b) 15%

(c) 20%

(d) 30%

(e) 25%

13) As per the news, the Indian Navy received the Indigenous Advanced Stealth Frigate Himgiri under Project 17A. What class does INS Himgiri belong to?

(a) Nilgiri-class

(b) Shivalik-class

(c) Kolkata-class

(d) Delhi-class

(e) Brahmaputra-class

14) What was the primary objective of Exercise Divya Drishti?

(a) Counter-terrorism operations

(b) Testing advanced military technologies for battlefield awareness

(c) Mountain warfare training

(d) Joint operations with foreign armies

(e) Nuclear preparedness

15) Who assumed charge as the 47th Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (VCNS) on 01 August 2025?

(a) Vice Admiral Gurcharan Singh

(b) Vice Admiral Ajendra Bahadur Singh

(c) Vice Admiral Sanjay Vatsayan

(d) Vice Admiral R. Hari Kumar

(e) Vice Admiral Dinesh K. Tripathi

16) Who has been appointed as IFFCO's new Managing Director?

(a) U S Awasthi

(b) K J Patel

(c) R K Jain

(d) S K Mehta

(e) P K Gupta

17) What position did Vice Admiral CR Praveen Nair assume on 31 July 2025?

(a) Vice Chief of Naval Staff

(b) Chief of Personnel

(c) Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief

(d) Controller Personnel Services (CPS)

(e) Director General Naval Operations

18) Recently, Vice Admiral Krishna Swaminathan, AVSM, VSM assumed charge as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief (FOC-in-C), Western Naval Command. Who did Swaminathan succeed?

(a) Vice Admiral R Hari Kumar

(b) Vice Admiral Biswajit Dasgupta

(c) Vice Admiral SN Ghormade

(d) Vice Admiral Ajendra Bahadur Singh

(e) Vice Admiral Sanjay J Singh

19) Lieutenant General Pushpendra Singh assumed the appointment of the Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VCOAS) on 31 July 2025. Which of these operations has Lt Gen Singh NOT served in?

(a) OP PAWAN (Sri Lanka)

(b) OP MEGHDOOT (Siachen)

(c) OP VIJAY (Kargil)

(d) OP RAKSHAK (J&K)

(e) OP ORCHID (Northeast)

20) As per the news, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade Signs MoU with Roche India to Boost Health Innovation Startups. Which therapeutic areas are NOT covered under this MoU?

(a) Oncology

(b) Neurology

(c) Cardiology

(d) Ophthalmology

(e) Haematology

21) Recently, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade and HDFC Capital Advisors Ltd signedan MoU to Boost Innovation in Affordable Housing and PropTech. Which HDFC Capital program is this MoU centered around?

(a) Smart City Initiative

(b) H@ART Programme

(c) HomeFirst

(d) PropNext

(e) UrbanTech Accelerator

22) What type of agreement did India and Morocco sign to assist in civil/commercial cases?

(a) Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT)

 (b) Extradition Treaty

(c) Free Trade Agreement

(d) Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement

(e) Cultural Exchange Program

23) Which two entities signed the MoU for biomedical research and innovation specifically for the needs of India’s paramilitary forces?

(a) DRDO and ITBP

(b) CSIR and CRPF

(c) ICMR and BSF

(d) DBT and ITBPF

(e) AIIMS and SSB

24) What is the new maximum tenure limit for co-operative bank directors (excluding chairman/whole-time directors)?

(a) 5 years

(b) 8 years

(c) No limit

(d) 12 years

(e) 10 years

25) After how many years are unclaimed dividends transferred to the Investor Education and Protection Fund (IEPF)?

(a) 3 years

(b) 5 years

(c) 7 years

(d) 10 years

(e) 12 years

Answers :

1) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

New Unified Payments Interface (UPI) rules will be implemented from August 1, 2025, by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).

Each UPI app will allow users to check their bank balance 50 times a day.

Detailed Explanation:

New Unified Payments Interface (UPI) rules will be implemented from August 1, 2025, by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).

These rules aim to enhance the efficiency of UPI apps and protect users from fraud.

Applicable to all payment service providers like Google Pay, PhonePe, Paytm, etc.

The rules regulate activities such as checking bank balance, processing autopayments, and accessing bank details.

Each UPI app will allow users to check their bank balance 50 times a day.

UPI apps can limit or stop balance enquiry requests during peak hours to reduce load.

Users will see the available balance with every transaction starting August.

2) Answer: B

The Finance Ministry has appointed August 1, 2025 as the date for implementation of key provisions of the Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025.

The provisions include:

Enhancing the threshold for substantial interest.

Widening the scope of funds that banks must transfer to the Investor Protection and Education Fund (IEPF).

Other amendments related to directors of cooperative banks, settlement of unclaimed amounts, and auditor remuneration.

Earlier, substantial interest meant holding shares worth over ₹5 lakh or 10% of paid-up capital, whichever was lower (fixed in 1968).

3) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

According to Finance Ministry data presented in Rajya Sabha, 11 public sector banks (PSBs) collected around ₹9,000 crore as penalty charges over the last five years for non-maintenance of minimum balance in savings bank accounts.

State Bank of India (SBI) discontinued its average monthly minimum balance charges in March 2020.

Detailed Explanation:

According to Finance Ministry data presented in Rajya Sabha, 11 public sector banks (PSBs) collected around ₹9,000 crore as penalty charges over the last five years for non-maintenance of minimum balance in savings bank accounts.

State Bank of India (SBI) discontinued its average monthly minimum balance charges in March 2020.

Following SBI, Canara Bank, Bank of Baroda, Punjab National Bank, Indian Bank, Bank of India, Central Bank of India, and Union Bank of India stopped levying such charges from the second quarter of FY26.

Private sector banks, which generally levy higher charges, have not yet waived these minimum balance penalties.

The Finance Ministry clarified that PM Jan Dhan Accounts, Basic Saving Bank Deposit Accounts (BSBDA), salary accounts, and certain other account types are exempt from minimum balance requirements.

Minister of State for Finance, Pankaj Chaudhary, stated that the Department of Financial Services (DFS) has advised banks to rationalise these charges.

So far, 7 out of 11 PSBs have acted on this advisory, with the remaining 4 expected to follow soon.

As per RBI guidelines, banks can levy penal charges for non-maintenance of minimum balance based on a Board-approved policy.

4) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

The Multi-Commodity Exchange of India (MCX) has announced the launch of cardamom futures contracts.

MCX had discontinued the cardamom futures contract in 2021 following a SEBI circular; now the exchange has issued a notification for its relaunch.

Detailed Explanation:

The Multi-Commodity Exchange of India (MCX) has announced the launch of cardamom futures contracts.

Initially, contracts for August, September, and October will be launched simultaneously.

MCX had discontinued the cardamom futures contract in 2021 following a SEBI circular; now the exchange has issued a notification for its relaunch.

The symbol for the cardamom futures contract is ‘CARDAMOM’.

The trading unit is 100 kg, with a maximum order size of 5000 kg.

The tick size (minimum price movement) is ₹1 per kg.

The initial margin requirement is a minimum of 10% or based on the standard portfolio analysis of risk (SPAN).

5) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

The Finance Ministry has notified a 0.1% concessional government guarantee fee for NaBFID (National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development).

Detailed Explanation:

The Finance Ministry has notified a 0.1% concessional government guarantee fee for NaBFID (National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development).

This concessional fee applies to borrowings from multilateral institutions, sovereign wealth funds, and other notified foreign institutions.

The aim is to help NaBFID access low-cost foreign capital to fund critical infrastructure projects.

The guarantee fee must be paid at the time of securing the government guarantee and annually on April 1 thereafter.

Credit Ratings for NaBFID:

Moody’s: Baa3 (Stable)

Fitch Ratings: BBB- (Stable)

Both ratings are at par with India’s sovereign rating.

The move will help NaBFID raise offshore funding on better terms, supporting India’s infrastructure growth and development.

6) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

Capital market regulator  Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has mandated mutual funds to ensure investor compliance with a minimum investment of ₹10 lakh in Special Investment Funds (SIFs).

A Specialised Investment Fund (SIF) is an investment fund that can invest in all types of assets. It usually qualifies as alternative investment fund (AIF) and can be sold to well-informed investors.

Detailed Explanation:

Capital market regulator  Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has mandated mutual funds to ensure investor compliance with a minimum investment of ₹10 lakh in Special Investment Funds (SIFs).

A Specialised Investment Fund (SIF) is an investment fund that can invest in all types of assets. It usually qualifies as alternative investment fund (AIF) and can be sold to well-informed investors.

The Asset Management Company (AMC) will monitor compliance daily to prevent any active breaches of the minimum investment limit.

The AMC must ensure that an investor’s total investment value does not fall below ₹10 lakh due to redemption transactions initiated by the investor.

In case of an active breach (including via stock exchange transactions or off-market transfers), all units held by the investor across all SIF investment strategies will be frozen for debit.

If the investor rebalances their investments within a 30-calendar-day notice period, the frozen units will be unfrozen and no further action will be taken.

If the investor fails to rebalance within 30 days, the AMC will automatically redeem the frozen units at the applicable Net Asset Value (NAV) on the next business day after the notice period.

7) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has approved a Central Sector Scheme titled “Grant-in-aid to National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC)” with a total outlay of ₹2,000 crore for four years (2025–26 to 2028–29).

Objective of the Scheme:The scheme is intended to provide financial assistance to cooperative societies by enabling NCDC to extend loans for new projects, plant expansion, modernization, and working capital needs.

Detailed Explanation:

The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has approved a Central Sector Scheme titled “Grant-in-aid to National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC)” with a total outlay of ₹2,000 crore for four years (2025–26 to 2028–29).

Objective of the Scheme:The scheme is intended to provide financial assistance to cooperative societies by enabling NCDC to extend loans for new projects, plant expansion, modernization, and working capital needs.

Financial Structure and Leverage Potential:

Grant-in-aid amount: ₹500 crore annually from FY 2025–26 to FY 2028–29, totaling₹2,000 crore.

Market leverage: Based on this aid, NCDC will raise ₹20,000 crore from the open market over the 4-year period.

Source of funding: Budgetary support from the Government of India.

Execution and Implementation:

NCDC will serve as the executing agency—responsible for disbursement, monitoring, project follow-up, and loan recovery.

Loan disbursement: Through state governments or directly to eligible cooperatives following NCDC’s direct funding guidelines, with necessary security or state guarantee.

8) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has approved a total outlay of ₹6,520 crore for the Central Sector Scheme – Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY) for the 15th Finance Commission Cycle (2021–22 to 2025–26).

Detailed Explanation:

The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has approved a total outlay of ₹6,520 crore for the Central Sector Scheme – Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY) for the 15th Finance Commission Cycle (2021–22 to 2025–26).

This includes an additional allocation of ₹1,920 crore for ongoing components of the scheme.

₹1,000 crore allocated for:

Setting up 50 Multi-Product Food Irradiation Units under the Integrated Cold Chain and Value Addition Infrastructure (ICCVAI) component.

Establishment of 100 Food Testing Laboratories (FTLs) with NABL accreditation under the Food Safety and Quality Assurance Infrastructure (FSQAI) component.

₹920 crore earmarked for sanctioning projects under various other component schemes of PMKSY during the 15th Finance Commission Cycle.

9) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has approved four key railway infrastructure projects with a total investment of ₹11,169 crore (approx.).

Network Expansion:These projects will add 574 kilometers to the existing railway network.

Detailed Explanation:

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has approved four key railway infrastructure projects with a total investment of ₹11,169 crore (approx.).

These multi-tracking projects, undertaken by the Ministry of Railways, aim to boost operational efficiency, improve logistics, and enhance regional connectivity under the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan.

Projects Approved:

Itarsi – Nagpur 4th Line

Aurangabad (Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar) - Parbhani Doubling

Aluabari Road – New Jalpaiguri 3rd and 4th Line

Dangoaposi – Jaroli 3rd and 4th Line

States and Districts Covered:The projects span 13 districts across the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, and Jharkhand.

Network Expansion:These projects will add 574 kilometers to the existing railway network.

10) Answer: B

Union Minister of Ports, Shipping & Waterways (MoPSW), Shri Sarbananda Sonowal inaugurated the 1 MW Green Hydrogen Power Plant at Deendayal Port Authority (DPA), Kandla, Gujarat.

This project is part of the National Green Hydrogen Mission, supporting PM Narendra Modi’s 2030 vision for clean energy.

The 1 MW module is part of a larger 10 MW Green Hydrogen Plant, whose foundation was laid by PM Modi in Bhuj on 26th May 2025.

The 1 MW unit was commissioned in just 4 months, setting a new benchmark for fast execution in India's green hydrogen sector.

11) Answer: E

Short Explanation:

To promote the safety and well-being of truck drivers, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas has launched the ‘Apna Ghar’ initiative, providing essential facilities for truckers during their long-haul journeys.

As of 01 July 2025, a total of 368 ‘Apna Ghar’ centres with 4,611 beds have been established across the country.

Detailed Explanation:

To promote the safety and well-being of truck drivers, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas has launched the ‘Apna Ghar’ initiative, providing essential facilities for truckers during their long-haul journeys.

The project has been implemented by Public Sector Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) at Retail Outlets (ROs) along major highways.

As of 01 July 2025, a total of 368 ‘Apna Ghar’ centres with 4,611 beds have been established across the country.

Each ‘Apna Ghar’ facility offers:

Dormitories with 10–30 beds

Restaurants/Dhabas

Self-cooking areas

Clean toilets

Dedicated bathing areas (Houdas)

Purified drinking water

The initiative has received positive feedback from truck drivers, with a rising number of bookings, increased app downloads and registrations, and satisfaction recorded from users.

12) Answer: E

Short Explanation:

United States (U.S.) President Donald Trump announced 25% reciprocal tariffs on Indian goods, along with an unspecified penalty for India’s purchase of Russian oil and arms.

Detailed Explanation:

United States (U.S.) President Donald Trump announced 25% reciprocal tariffs on Indian goods, along with an unspecified penalty for India’s purchase of Russian oil and arms.

The move follows India’s refusal to cut tariffs under the ongoing Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) talks with the United States.

Trump criticized:India’s high import tariffs, Non-tariff barriers, Large-scale arms and energy imports from Russia, which he claims undermine global efforts to isolate Russia over the Ukraine war.

The 25% reciprocal tariffs are set to be imposed from August 1, coinciding with the expiry of Trump’s tariff deadline.

In FY25, the U.S. was India’s largest export destination, with exports valued at $86.51 billion.

However, U.S. exports constituted less than one-fifth of India’s total goods exports of $437.42 billion.

13) Answer: A

Short Explanation:

Himgiri (Yard 3022), the third ship of the Nilgiri Class (Project 17A) and the first of the class built at Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata, was delivered to the Indian Navy on 31 Jul 2025.

Detailed Explanation:

Himgiri (Yard 3022), the third ship of the Nilgiri Class (Project 17A) and the first of the class built at Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata, was delivered to the Indian Navy on 31 Jul 2025.

Represents a major milestone in achieving self-reliance (Aatmanirbharta) in warship design and construction.

Project 17A frigates are versatile multi-mission platforms, designed to meet current and future maritime challenges.

Named after the erstwhile INS Himgiri, a Leander-class frigate decommissioned on 06 May 2005 after 30 years of service.

This state-of-the-art frigate marks a quantum leap in naval design, stealth, firepower, automation, and survivability.

Designed by the Warship Design Bureau (WDB) and overseen by the Warship Overseeing Team (Kolkata).

P17A frigates reflect a generational leap in indigenous ship design, stealth, survivability, and combat capability.

14) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

Exercise Divya Drishti is a high-altitude technology demonstration exercise conducted by the Indian Army in the high-altitude regions of East Sikkim.

The exercise is aimed at testing advanced military technologies to improve battlefield awareness, real-time surveillance, and quick decision-making.

Detailed Explanation:

Exercise Divya Drishti is a high-altitude technology demonstration exercise conducted by the Indian Army in the high-altitude regions of East Sikkim.

The exercise is aimed at testing advanced military technologies to improve battlefield awareness, real-time surveillance, and quick decision-making.

Troops from the Trishakti Corps, headquartered at Sukna near Siliguri, participated.

The exercise used a combination of ground-based systems and aerial platforms such as UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and drones to simulate realistic battle scenarios.

A key highlight was the deployment of AI-enabled sensors integrated with advanced communication systems.

This technology setup ensures smooth and secure data flow among command centres, enhances situational awareness, and enables faster, better decisions through a strong sensor-to-shooter link.

The exercise tested the Indian Army’s preparedness in employing AI and modern technologies in realistic combat situations.

15) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

Vice Admiral Sanjay Vatsayan, AVSM, NM assumed charge as the 47th Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (VCNS) on 01 Aug 2025.

On assuming charge, he paid solemn homage to the Bravehearts who made the supreme sacrifice by laying a floral wreath at the National War Memorial, New Delhi.

Detailed Explanation:

Vice Admiral Sanjay Vatsayan, AVSM, NM assumed charge as the 47th Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (VCNS) on 01 Aug 2025.

On assuming charge, he paid solemn homage to the Bravehearts who made the supreme sacrifice by laying a floral wreath at the National War Memorial, New Delhi.

Commissioned into the Indian Navy on 01 Jan 1988; alumnus of the 71st course National Defence Academy, Pune.

Specialist in Gunnery and Missile Systems.

Over three decades of distinguished naval career with command, operational, and staff assignments.

Served onboard various frontline warships, including:

Commissioning crew of Guided Missile Destroyer INS Mysore, INS Nishank

Pre-Commissioning crew of Coast Guard OPV ICGS Sangram

Executive Officer of INS Mysore

Commanded:

Coast Guard ship C-05

Missile Vessels INS Vibhuti and INS Nashak

Missile Corvette INS Kuthar

16) Answer: B

Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO) appointed K J Patel as its new Managing Director (MD).

K J Patel succeeded U S Awasthi, who retired at the age of 80 after serving as MD since 1993.

Patel was formerly Director (Technical) and has over 32 years of experience.

He previously headed IFFCO’s Paradip plant, which is India’s largest complex fertiliser facility

17) Answer: D

Vice Admiral CR Praveen Nair, AVSM, NM assumed charge as the Controller Personnel Services (CPS) on 31 July 2025. On assuming charge, he paid solemn homage at the National War Memorial, New Delhi.

18) Answer: E

Short Explanation:

Vice Admiral Krishna Swaminathan, AVSM, VSM assumed charge as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief (FOC-in-C), Western Naval Command on 31 Jul 2025.

He succeeded Vice Admiral Sanjay J Singh, PVSM, AVSM, NM, who superannuated after four decades of distinguished service.

Detailed Explanation:

Vice Admiral Krishna Swaminathan, AVSM, VSM assumed charge as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief (FOC-in-C), Western Naval Command on 31 Jul 2025.

He succeeded Vice Admiral Sanjay J Singh, PVSM, AVSM, NM, who superannuated after four decades of distinguished service.

On assuming charge, VAdm Swaminathan paid homage at the Gaurav Stambh, Naval Dockyard, Mumbai.

Commissioned into the Indian Navy on 01 Jul 1987.

Specialist in Communication and Electronic Warfare.

Recipient of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM) and Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM).

Commanded several key warships:

19) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

Lieutenant General Pushpendra Singh assumed the appointment of the Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VCOAS) on 31 July 2025.

Served in operations including OP PAWAN, OP MEGHDOOT, OP ORCHID, and multiple tenures in OP RAKSHAK.

Detailed Explanation:

Lieutenant General Pushpendra Singh assumed the appointment of the Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VCOAS) on 31 July 2025.

Prior to this, he was appointed Director General Operational Logistics & Strategic Movement at Army Headquarters

Commissioned into the 4th Battalion, The Parachute Regiment (Special Forces) in December 1987.

Alumnus of La’ Martiniere College, Lucknow, Lucknow University, and the prestigious Indian Military Academy, Dehradun.

Served in operations including OP PAWAN, OP MEGHDOOT, OP ORCHID, and multiple tenures in OP RAKSHAK.

Career spanning 38 years with various Command and Staff appointments.

Commanded a Special Forces Unit in the Kashmir Valley and along the Line of Control (LoC).

20) Answer: C

The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry has signed a Memorandum of  Understanding (MoU) with Roche Products (India) Pvt. Ltd. to support DPIIT-recognized startups working in critical therapeutic areas.

The MoU aims to support startups in sectors such as oncology, neurology, ophthalmology, haematology, and rare diseases.

Roche India will:

Provide mentorship from global experts.

Support pilot and validation studies.

Offer access to cutting-edge technologies, infrastructure, and international platforms to help scale innovations.

21) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry has signed a Memorandum of  Understanding (MoU) with HDFC Capital Advisors Limited to drive innovation and extend support to startups in the affordable housing and PropTech sectors.

The MoU centers around the H@ART (HDFC Affordable Real Estate and Technology) Programme, launched by HDFC Capital to improve efficiency and reduce costs in the residential real estate development cycle.

Detailed Explanation:

The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry has signed a Memorandum of  Understanding (MoU) with HDFC Capital Advisors Limited to drive innovation and extend support to startups in the affordable housing and PropTech sectors.

This strategic alliance aligns with the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat and Viksit Bharat@2047, strengthening efforts to create a robust and inclusive startup ecosystem.

The MoU centers around the H@ART (HDFC Affordable Real Estate and Technology) Programme, launched by HDFC Capital to improve efficiency and reduce costs in the residential real estate development cycle.

The initiative aims to create growth opportunities by connecting startups with the affordable housing developer ecosystem, facilitating strategic investments in emerging PropTech companies, and offering mentorship through collaborations with accelerators, academic institutions, and investors.

22) Answer: A

Short Explanation:

India and the Kingdom of Morocco have signed a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT) and a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to foster cooperation in legal and judicial matters.

Detailed Explanation:

India and the Kingdom of Morocco have signed a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT) and a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to foster cooperation in legal and judicial matters.

These agreements aim to promote mutual assistance in civil and commercial cases and strengthen institutional linkages between the two countries’ legal systems.

Objective of MLAT: To facilitate the widest possible mutual legal assistance in civil and commercial matters in accordance with national laws.

Service of summons and other judicial documents or processes.

Taking of evidence through Letters of Request.

Execution of judicial judgments (Morocco), decrees, settlements, and arbitral awards (India).

23) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

The Indo-Tibetan Border Police Force (ITBPF) and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), under the Ministry of Science and Technology, have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to advance biomedical research and innovation specifically for the needs of India’s paramilitary forces.

The MoU was signed at ITBP Headquarters, New Delhi, in the presence of the Secretary, DBT and Director General, ITBPF.

Detailed Explanation:

The Indo-Tibetan Border Police Force (ITBPF) and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), under the Ministry of Science and Technology, have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to advance biomedical research and innovation specifically for the needs of India’s paramilitary forces.

The MoU was signed at ITBP Headquarters, New Delhi, in the presence of the Secretary, DBT and Director General, ITBPF.

Objective of Collaboration: The partnership aims to address scientific and technological challenges relevant to ITBP’s operational conditions, especially in high-altitude and extreme environments.

Focus Research Areas:

Human adaptability to high altitudes

Biosecurity

Biomedical devices and prosthetics

Food biotechnology

Wound healing and frostbite treatment

24) Answer: E

Directors of Co-operative Banks (Sections 4 & 5):

Earlier, directors (except chairman or whole-time director) could hold office for a maximum of 8 consecutive years.

Now, the limit is extended to 10 years.

Previously, a director on one bank’s board could not serve on another bank’s board (except RBI-appointed directors).

The amendment exempts directors of central co-operative banks when elected to the board of a state co-operative bank where they are members.

25) Answer: C

Settlement of Unclaimed Amounts & Auditor Remuneration (Sections 15 to 20):

As per the State Bank of India Act and related acts, unpaid/unclaimed dividends are transferred to an unpaid dividend account.

If unclaimed for 7 years, the amount is transferred to the Investor Education and Protection Fund (IEPF).

The amendment widens the scope to include:

Shares with unpaid dividends for 7 consecutive years

Interest or redemption amounts for bonds unpaid/unclaimed for 7 years

Persons whose funds or shares are transferred to IEPF can claim transfer or refund.

Earlier, RBI fixed auditors’ remuneration in consultation with the Central Government.

Now, banks have the power to decide the remuneration of their auditors independently.