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CURRENT AFFAIRS: BANKING & FINANCE

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) and Palladium’s Export Pathshala Empowers Odisha’s Farmer Producer Organizations for Global Agri-Trade

• The Export Pathshala workshop aimed at enhancing agri and allied exports through Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) was organized by National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in collaboration with Palladium Consulting India Private Limited (PCIPL).
• The workshop provided training on export procedures, quality compliance, and market linkages, with a focus on fruits, vegetables, and spices exports from Odisha.
• Participants included policymakers, financial institutions, exporters, FPOs, and industry experts.
• Key sessions included topics on export documentation, compliance, post-harvest management, packaging for export readiness, value chain development, and risk mitigation for perishable goods.
• Industry experts from NABARD, APEDA, the World Trade Centre, the Spices Board of India, and Bank of Baroda shared insights.
• A field visit to PRB Super Foods in Khordha provided hands-on exposure to good packaging and logistics practices for large-scale agri-exports.
• Discussions on export insurance, led by Shri Satyanarayan Nanda, highlighted the need for risk management in perishable commodity exports.
• Key takeaways included the importance of training in compliance, packaging, logistics, post-harvest management, and value addition, as well as the need for stronger market linkages and timely financial assistance for FPOs.
• NABARD and Palladium outlined an action plan for strengthening India’s agri-export ecosystem, with a focus on information exchange, identifying export clusters, and enhancing supply chains.
• Shri Sitakanta Mandal from APEDA assured continued support for FPOs, while Amit Patjoshi (CEO, Palladium) and SKK Mishra (Chief General Manager, NABARD) emphasized scaling up the model to create a nationwide network of export-ready FPOs.
• The Export Pathshala initiative aims to strengthen Odisha’s FPO-driven agri-export model and serve as a blueprint for other regions, positioning India as a major player in global agricultural trade.

Recent News:

• In February 2025, Tamil Nadu Finance Minister Thangam Thennarasu released the State Focus paper prepared by National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) that predicts a total credit potential of Rs 9.37 lakh crore for priority sectors in the state for the year 2025-26.

About NABARD:

• It is an All India Development Financial Institution (DFI) and an apex Supervisory Body for overall supervision of Regional Rural Banks, State Cooperative Banks and District Central Cooperative Banks in India.
• Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Founded: July 12, 1982 by the Government of India
• Chairman: Shaji K V

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL NEWS

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) Reaches Milestone with Over 54.58 Crore Bank Accounts Opened as of January 15, 2025

• The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) has achieved a significant milestone, with over 54.58 crore bank accounts opened as of January 15, 2025.
• Notably, 55.7% of these accounts belong to women, showcasing the scheme’s role in financial inclusion, especially among marginalized communities.

How Has Jan Dhan Yojana Expanded Over the Years?

• Launched in August 2014 to provide universal access to banking services.
• Initially focused on providing basic savings accounts, debit cards, and banking access for unbanked households.
• Now ensures financial inclusion for every unbanked adult.
• 30.37 crore women have opened accounts, enhancing their economic participation.
• Integrated with insurance, pensions, and direct benefit transfers (DBT) to reduce dependency on cash transactions.

Impact on Social Security Enrollments

PMJDY accounts serve as a gateway for accessing government-backed financial security schemes.

Scheme	Total Enrollments (in Crore)	Women Enrollments (in Crore)
Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)	22.52	10+
Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)	49.12	22.84
Atal Pension Yojana (APY)	7.25	3.44

Challenges & Future Plans for PMJDY

• 30 crore inoperative accounts (as of Nov 20, 2024) holding ₹14,750 crore.
• However, inoperative accounts in public sector banks have reduced from 39.62% (March 2017) to 20.91% (Nov 2024).
• Banks are working on simplifying the reactivation process.

2. Future Targets & Financial Growth

• The government aims to open another 3 crore PMJDY accounts in FY 2024-25.
• Cumulative deposits in PMJDY accounts reached ₹2.3 trillion (as of Aug 14, 2024).
• Average balance per account increased from ₹1,065 (2015) to ₹4,352 (2024).
• 80% of accounts remain active, indicating strong participation.

e-National Agriculture Market platform expanded to boost agricultural trade with the addition of 10 new commodities & tradable parameters

• The Indian government has expanded the scope of the National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) by adding 10 new agricultural commodities for trading.
• Thus, the total number of commodities on the platform has reached 231.
• The aim is to improve price realization for farmers and ensure a more transparent and efficient trade system.

10 New Commodities Added to e-NAM

The newly introduced commodities include both raw and value-added agricultural products:

1. Dried Tulsi Leaves
2. Besan (Chickpea Flour)
3. Wheat Flour
4. Chana Sattu (Roasted Chickpea Flour)
5. Water Chestnut Flour
6. Asafoetida
7. Dried Fenugreek Leaves
8. Water Chestnut
9. Baby Corn
10. Dragon Fruit

• Items like Chana Sattu, Water Chestnut Flour, Asafoetida, and Dried Fenugreek Leaves fall under secondary trade and will help Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) gain better market access for processed and value-added products.

Why Was This Expansion Needed?

• e-NAM, launched in 2016, is an online platform aimed at creating a unified national agricultural market.
• It connects farmers to Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) mandis, ensuring competitive and transparent price discovery.
• The addition of new commodities is aligned with the government’s objectives to:
• Increase market opportunities for farmers by allowing more products to be traded online.
• Improve price transparency and efficiency through a standardized grading system.
• Support FPOs and small-scale producers in selling value-added products.

Benefits to Farmers

• The Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI) has introduced tradable parameters for the newly added commodities, ensuring fair pricing based on standardized quality checks. The expansion is expected to:
• Broaden market reach by enabling farmers to sell beyond local mandis.
• Ensure better income generation through transparent price discovery.
• Promote agricultural diversification by encouraging the production and trade of high-value crops like baby corn and dragon fruit.

India to Host Inaugural World Audio Visual Entertainment Summit (WAVES) in 2025

• India will host the first-ever World Audio Visual Entertainment Summit (WAVES) at the Jio World Convention Centre in Mumbai from May 1 to 4, 2025.
• The event aims to establish India as a global media and entertainment hub, attracting media CEOs, entertainment professionals, and creative leaders from around the world.

What is the WAVES Summit and Why is it Important?

• Global Platform for Media & Entertainment:
  • WAVES is envisioned as the Davos for the entertainment industry, fostering collaboration, investment, and innovation.
  • The summit will focus on animation, gaming, visual effects, and filmmaking, highlighting future trends and industry growth.

Government Support & Industry Leadership

• High-Level Backing:
  • Announced by I&B Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, following a meeting chaired by PM Narendra Modi.
  • Initially planned alongside the International Film Festival of India (IFFI) in Goa (Nov 2024), but rescheduled to May 2025 for greater participation and impact.
• Advisory Board Members:
  • Sundar Pichai (Google)
  • Satya Nadella (Microsoft)
  • Amitabh Bachchan
  • Shah Rukh Khan
  • Mukesh Ambani

Honoring Indian Cinema Legends

During the WAVES Summit, PM Modi paid tribute to legendary Indian cinema figures on their centenary birth anniversaries:

• Raj Kapoor – Bollywood icon and cinematic pioneer.
• Mohammed Rafi – Legendary playback singer.
• Akkineni Nageswara Rao – Telugu film legend.
• Tapan Sinha – Acclaimed Bengali filmmaker.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: INTERNATIONAL

World of Coffee Dubai 2025: Fourth Edition Set for February 10-12 at Dubai World Trade Centre (DWTC)

• The 4th edition of World of Coffee Dubai will take place from February 10 – 12, 2025, at the Dubai World Trade Centre (DWTC).
• This year’s event is the largest to date, with a 33% increase in exhibition space, covering 20,000 square meters.

Key Highlights:

• More than 1,650 exhibitors from 120 countries will participate, with over 13,000 coffee professionals expected to attend.
• New features include the Intro to Cupping Workshop and the Dubai Coffee Auction.
• Returning highlights include the SCA UAE Coffee Championships, Roasters Village, Cupping Rooms, Coffee Design Awards, Brew Bar, Best New Product Display Competition, and the SCA Community Lounge.
• The MENA coffee market is projected to be worth USD $11.5 billion by 2025, with global coffee consumption reaching 11.9 million tonnes in 2023.
• Yannis Apostolopoulos, CEO of the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA), stated that WOC Dubai is a premier coffee trade show, fostering business growth, shared learning, and excellence.
• Khalid Al Hammadi, SVP of DXB LIVE, emphasized Dubai’s role as a global hub for specialty coffee and business opportunities.
• WOC Dubai has become a key industry event, driving collaborations between global brands and regional partners.
• Due to its success, the 2024 edition saw extended hours on the final day to allow more business interactions.

Recent News:

• In December 2024, Dubai unveiled the world’s largest gold bar, weighing 300.12 kg and valued at ₹211 crore ($25 million), at the Dubai Gold Souk Extension. Crafted by Emirates Minting Factory, it surpasses the previous 250 kg record set in Japan.

About UAE:

• Capital: Abu Dhabi.
• Currency: United Arab Emirates dirham (AED).
• President: Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
• Prime Minister: Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (also the ruler of Dubai).

Bangladesh government launches ‘Operation Devil Hunt’ to weed out ‘destabilising’ forces after fresh violence

• Operation Devil Hunt was launched by Bangladesh's interim government in response to attacks on protesters allegedly carried out by supporters of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s Awami League party.
• Over 1,300 people were detained in two days after the launch of the operation.
• The operation led to the arrest of Chayan Islam, a former MP of Sirajganj-6, and Awami League members.
• Gazipur Police made at least 100 arrests on the second day of the operation.
• The operation aims to restore order and ensure public safety across Bangladesh.

Key Highlights:

• The interim government, led by Muhammad Yunus, came to power after Hasina’s ouster in August 2024.
• Violence escalated after a speech by Sheikh Hasina, leading to student protests and attacks on properties associated with the Awami League and its leaders.
• "Bulldozer Programme" initiated by the student protesters resulted in the bulldozing and setting fire to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's residence and other properties.
• Clashes occurred in Gazipur district, injuring nearly 15 students during the vandalism.
• The primary goal of Operation Devil Hunt is to apprehend those believed to be attempting to destabilize the nation.
• Law enforcement agencies, including the Bangladesh Army, Navy, Air Force, Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB), Ansar, and Coast Guard, are involved in the operation.
• Analysts have expressed concerns over the misleading title and potential legal overreach, warning against a show of force.
• No extrajudicial killings have been reported so far, distinguishing this operation from past crackdowns under Hasina's government.
• The operation has been viewed as a preemptive move to handle the growing student anger and fears regarding Hasina's return.

Recent News:

• In January 2025, The US suspended all USAID funding to Bangladesh as part of a 90-day global review of foreign aid initiated by President Trump.

About Bangladesh:

• Capital: Dhaka.
• Currency: Bangladeshi Taka (BDT).
• President: Mohammad Shahabuddin

CURRENT AFFAIRS: STATE

Haryana’s ‘Har Khet-Swasth Khet’ Campaign Aims to Provide Soil Health Cards to All Farmers

• The ‘Har Khet-Swasth Khet’ campaign aims to collect soil samples from every acre of Haryana and provide farmers with soil health cards.
• The target is to achieve this within the next 3-4 years.
• So far, 70 lakh soil samples have been collected.
• 55 lakh soil samples have been analyzed.
• 86.65 lakh soil health cards have been distributed under the Soil Health Card Scheme.
• 17 new permanent soil and water testing laboratories have been established.
• 54 new small soil testing laboratories have been opened in various mandis.
• 240 small soil testing laboratories have been set up in government senior secondary schools and government colleges.

About Soil Health Card:

• A Soil Health Card is used to assess the current status of soil health and, when used over time, to determine changes in soil health that are affected by land management.
• Soil Health Card (SHC) is a Government of India's scheme promoted by the Department of Agriculture & Co-operation under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare.
• It is being implemented through the Department of Agriculture of all the State and Union Territory Governments.
• It will contain the status of his soil with respect to 12 parameters, namely N,P,K (Macro-nutrients); S (Secondary- nutrient); Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Bo (Micro - nutrients); and pH, EC, OC (Physical parameters).
• Based on this, the SHC will also indicate fertilizer recommendations and soil amendment required for the farm.

Recent News:

• In January 2025, The International Saraswati Mahotsav 2025 is set to be celebrated on a grand scale in Haryana, following the success of Geeta Jayanti celebrations.

About Haryana:

• Chief Minister: Nayab Singh Saini
• Governor: Bandaru Dattatreya
• Capital: Chandigarh
• National Parks: Sultanpur National Park, Kalesar National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary, Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary, Nahar Wildlife Sanctuary

CURRENT AFFAIRS: APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Canara Bank appoints Dr. Madhavankutty G as chief economist

• Canara Bank appointed Madhavankutty G as Chief Economist, effective January 2025.
• He will provide strategic advice on domestic and global economic and financial sector developments.
• Has over two decades of experience in economic research across banking, conglomerates, and academia.
• Previously worked as a senior economist at Bank of India, Aditya Birla Group, and Times Group.
• Holds a postgraduate degree in business economics and a doctorate in international economics.
• Served as a visiting faculty member at NMIMS, IMT Nagpur, and KJ Somaiya Institute, Mumbai.
• Delivered guest lectures at IITs and IIMs, showcasing his commitment to economics.

Recent News:

• In December 2024, Tata Power Renewable Energy, a subsidiary of Tata Power, partnered with state-run Canara Bank to offer affordable financing options for rooftop solar installations.

About Canara Bank:

• Founded: 1906
• Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
• Managing Director & CEO: K. Satyanarayana Raju
• Tagline: "Together We Can"

Nokia picks Intel's AI and data centre leader Hotard as new Chief Executive Officer

• Nokia announced that Pekka Lundmark will step down as CEO, and Justin Hotard will take over from April 1, 2025.
• Hotard is currently EVP & GM of Data Center & AI Group at Intel.
• Telecom gear makers are struggling with lower 5G equipment sales and are shifting focus to AI and data centres.

Key Highlights:

• Nokia Chair Sari Baldauf highlighted Hotard's expertise in AI and data centres as crucial for the company's future growth.
• Nokia's shares rose 1.6% to 4.7 euros on Helsinki's stock exchange following the announcement.
• JPMorgan analysts were surprised by the transition but noted Nokia’s strategic shift towards AI and data centres.
• Inderes analysts view the move as part of Nokia’s Network Infrastructure strategy, leveraging AI investments.
• In 2023, Nokia acquired Infinera for $2.3 billion to expand in AI-driven data centre markets.
• Lundmark, CEO since 2020, will remain as an advisor to Hotard until the end of 2025.
• Nokia’s shares have gained 27.85% in the past year, but are still down over 90% since the June 2000 peak.
• Nokia’s infrastructure unit focuses on AI-driven communication systems, including data centres, servers, and routers.
• Nokia’s mobile networks unit develops cell towers, 5G technologies, and mobile communication services.

About Nokia:

• Founded: 1865
• Headquarters: Espoo, Finland
• Current CEO: Pekka Lundmark (until March 31, 2025)
• Incoming CEO: Justin Hotard (effective April 1, 2025)

Romania President Klaus Iohannis resigns ahead of impeachment vote

• Romanian President Klaus Iohannis announced his resignation, effective February 12, 2025 after mounting pressure from populist opposition groups.
• His presidency was extended in December 2024 after the Constitutional Court annulled the presidential election, just before the December 8 runoff.

Key Highlights:

• The annulment followed far-right populist Calin Georgescu’s unexpected first-round victory, amid allegations of Russian interference and electoral violations.
• Far-right and nationalist parties, including AUR, S.O.S, and the Party of Young People, along with some members of the reformist USR party, pushed for Iohannis' ouster through a parliamentary motion.
• Iohannis defended his tenure, stating that he never violated the constitution and that his removal would harm Romania’s reputation as an EU and NATO member.
• After the resignation announcement, clashes erupted in Bucharest between Georgescu supporters and police, with tear gas used to disperse protesters.
• New presidential elections are scheduled for May 4, 2025, with a possible runoff on May 18.
• Georgescu’s eligibility to contest remains uncertain.
• The interim presidency will be held by the Senate President, or if unavailable, the Chamber of Deputies President, per Romania’s constitution.
• Political consultant Cristian Andrei stated that Iohannis’ resignation prevents a divisive referendum but strengthens populist narratives.
• Elena Lasconi (USR), Georgescu’s expected runoff opponent, called the resignation "too late" and emphasized the need for institutional reforms.
• George Simion (AUR leader) celebrated the resignation, claiming Iohannis would have been impeached if he had not stepped down.

About Romania:

• Capital: Bucharest
• Currency: Romanian Leu (RON)
• Prime Minister: Marcel Ciolacu

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Hindustan Jet Trainer-36 Gets a New Identity as ‘Yashas’ After Performance Boost

• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) has officially renamed its flagship jet training aircraft, the Hindustan Jet Trainer HJT-36, as ‘Yashas’ following extensive modifications aimed at enhancing its performance and operational efficiency.
• The new name was unveiled by the Ministry of Defence's Secretary (Defence Production) Sanjeev Kumar in the presence of HAL Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) Dr DK Sunil and senior officials at Aero India 2025.
• As part of its preparation for induction, ‘Yashas’ has been upgraded with state-of-the-art avionics and a modernized cockpit, improving training effectiveness and operational efficiency.
• The enhancements include:
• Weight reduction measures
• Replacement of obsolete imported equipment with indigenous Line Replaceable Units (LRUs)

Key Highlights:

• Designed for Stage II pilot training, the aircraft is also capable of:
• Counter-insurgency and counter-surface force operations
• Armament training and aerobatic maneuvers
• Powered by a Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC)-equipped AL55I jet engine
  • Delivers optimal thrust-to-weight ratio
  • Improved thrust management
  • Enhanced reliability
• The aircraft features:
• Stepped-up rear cockpit with a drooped nose, ensuring superior visibility and situational awareness
• State-of-the-art glass cockpit integrating:
  • Multifunction displays (MFDs)
  • Head-up display (HUD) for advanced operational functionality
• Capabilities include:
  • Stall and spin recovery
  • Aerobatics
  • Armament carriage up to 1,000 kg
  • Single-point ground refueling and defueling capabilities

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee Team Finds Superbug’s Defense Mechanism, To Boost New Treatments

• Scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee) have made a groundbreaking discovery about Acinetobacter baumannii, a highly drug-resistant superbug that causes life-threatening infections.
• Research published in the journal mBio uncovers a key regulatory mechanism in Acinetobacter baumannii, a highly drug-resistant superbug.

Key Highlights:

• Healthcare Threat: This pathogen causes severe hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and urinary tract infections.
• Type 6 Secretion System (T6SS): The superbug uses T6SS as a bacterial "weapon" to attack competing microbes, but its role in antibiotic resistance was unclear.
• Key Discovery: Researchers found that A. baumannii regulates T6SS activation based on environmental conditions.
• Role of AbsR28: A small RNA molecule, AbsR28, controls T6SS regulation in response to manganese levels.
• Mechanism Identified:
  • High Manganese Levels: AbsR28 binds to the tssM gene, degrading it and preventing T6SS activation.
  • Impact on Antibiotic Resistance: Increased manganese helps the superbug retain plasmid pAB3, which carries multiple antibiotic-resistance genes.
• Survival Strategy: A. baumannii must regulate T6SS carefully, as activating it makes the bacteria more vulnerable to antibiotics and oxidative stress.
• Potential Treatment Approach: Targeting AbsR28 could disrupt the superbug’s regulatory system, making it more susceptible to antibiotics without directly targeting resistance genes.
• Future Implications: The findings open new possibilities for precision medicine and novel drug development to combat multidrug-resistant infections.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: DEFENCE

Major India-Russia Defense Deal Since Ukraine War: New Delhi Likely To Acquire Klub Cruise Missiles From Moscow

• India has recently finalized an agreement with Russia to acquire anti-ship cruise missiles.
• This move aims to strengthen the operational capabilities of the Indian Navy’s submarine fleet.
• However, sources indicate that the deal involves the Klub-S missile system, part of the Kalibr missile family.

Key Highlights:

1. Klub-S Missile System

The Klub-S missile system is designed for submarines.

• It boasts a 400-kg warhead and can target various threats up to 300 kilometres
• The missile system includes a fire control system and vertical launcher units.
• It can navigate around obstacles and counter enemy fire
• The Klub-S is already in service with the Indian Navy, enhancing its diesel-electric submarine fleet.

2. Importance of Submarine Fleets

Submarine fleets are crucial for underwater warfare and national defence.

• The Indian Navy operates several classes of submarines, including the Kalvari, Sindhughosh, and Shishumar
• The Sindhughosh class, also known as Kilo class, comprises diesel-electric submarines built through a collaboration between Russia and India.
• These submarines are integral for long-range patrols and are equipped with torpedoes and missiles.

3. The Indian Navy’s Russian Submarine Fleet

• The Indian Navy’s submarine fleet includes several Russian-origin vessels. Notable submarines include INS Sindhughosh and INS Sindhurakshak.
• Some submarines have been decommissioned, and more are expected to retire soon.
• India is also exploring partnerships with Germany for future submarine construction while continuing to rely on Russian platforms.

4. Recent Developments in Defence Procurement

• Amidst geopolitical tensions, India signed the contract for Klub missiles after a five-year hiatus in high-level visits to Russia.
• The deal is significant as it represents one of the few successful defence agreements since the start of the Russia-Ukraine war.
• The Indian Navy’s reliance on Russian weapon systems remains strong, with a majority of its inventory comprising equipment from Russia.

5. The Kalibr Missile Family

• The Kalibr missile family includes various variants capable of engaging both naval and land targets.
• The 3M-54 Klub-S variant is noted for its supersonic capabilities, making it difficult for enemy defences to intercept.
• This missile system enhances the combat effectiveness of submarines, allowing for precision strikes from a distance.

6. Broader Context of Defence Relationships

• India’s defence procurement strategies have evolved due to the changing geopolitical landscape.
• The cancellation of several deals with Russia reflects a shift towards self-sufficiency in defence production.
• Initiatives like ‘Make in India’ aim to boost domestic manufacturing capabilities while reducing reliance on foreign suppliers.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS AND AGREEMENT

Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade and Korea Transport Institute (KOTI), Republic of Korea Transport Institute Sign MoU to Boost Collaboration in Logistics and Infrastructure Development

• The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Government of India, and the Korea Transport Institute (KOTI), Republic of Korea, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to strengthen logistics and infrastructure collaboration.
• The agreement was signed at the Sejong National Research Complex, South Korea, by:
• Youngchan Kim, President of KOTI
• E. Amit Kumar, Ambassador of India to South Korea
• This partnership aims to improve logistics efficiency, infrastructure planning, and sustainable economic development through knowledge exchange and technical collaboration.

How Will This MoU Benefit India’s Logistics Sector?

The MoU will enhance cooperation between DPIIT’s Logistics Division and KOTI, leveraging South Korea’s expertise in transport and logistics to support India's infrastructure expansion under the PM GatiShakti National Master Plan. Key areas of collaboration include:

• Developing Logistics Master Plans – India will benefit from South Korea’s advanced planning models for creating detailed infrastructure roadmaps.
• Enhancing Technological Adoption – The partnership will facilitate the integration of smart technologies into India's logistics operations.
• Skill Development & Training – Technical assistance and training programs will improve efficiency in India's logistics sector.
• By incorporating global best practices, this initiative aligns with India’s objective of reducing logistics costs (currently 13-14% of GDP) and improving sector competitiveness.

Historical Background of India-South Korea Cooperation

India and South Korea have a history of collaboration in transport and logistics, with key agreements signed during the Indian Prime Minister’s visit to South Korea in May 2015. Notable agreements include:

• Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreement – To prevent tax-related challenges in cross-border trade.
• MoU on Audio-Visual Co-Production – To promote collaboration in films and animation.
• Framework for Cooperation in Road Transport & Highways – To enhance road safety and construction technology.
• MoU on Maritime Transport & Logistics – To strengthen technological exchanges in the shipping sector.

Alignment with India’s Logistics Strategy

• India has been implementing key policies to improve logistics efficiency, including the National Logistics Policy (NLP), launched on September 17, 2022. A 2023 DPIIT report titled "Logistics Cost in India: Assessment and Long-Term Framework" highlighted the financial impact of inefficiencies in the sector.

Through this MoU, India aims to:

• Integrate GIS-based planning tools for better logistics management.
• Improve multimodal transport systems to streamline freight movement.
• Promote green logistics solutions to ensure sustainable infrastructure growth.

India and European Free Trade Association  Strengthen Economic Ties with the Inauguration of the India-EFTA Desk

• India and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA)—comprising Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein—have launched the India-EFTA Desk to facilitate deeper economic ties.
• This follows the India-EFTA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA), positioning EFTA as the first European bloc to sign a trade pact with India.

Key Highlights of the India-EFTA Desk Launch

A Landmark Initiative

• Union Minister Piyush Goyal hailed TEPA as a historic agreement showcasing India's growing global trade influence.
• India aims to attract $100 billion in EFTA investments, fostering mutually beneficial trade relations.
• The Desk will act as a bridge, ensuring transparency, trust, and ease of doing business.

EFTA’s Commitment to India

• Switzerland: CHF 10 billion Swiss FDI has created 146,000+ jobs in India, with expected growth in precision industries, chemicals, and food processing.
• Norway: Sovereign wealth fund assets in India reach $31.4 billion, with Norwegian companies in India doubling over the last decade.
• Iceland: TEPA recognized as the most significant EFTA trade deal in decades, focusing on renewable energy, seafood, and pharmaceuticals.
• Liechtenstein: Focus on high-value manufacturing and innovation, with successful companies like Hilti expanding in India.

About EFTA

• Founders: Switzerland, Norway, United Kingdom, Denmark, Sweden, Austria, Portugal
• Founded: 4 January 1960

India-Israel Business & CEO Forums to Strengthen Bilateral Economic Ties

• India and Israel are set to enhance economic and trade relations through the upcoming India-Israel Business Forum and India-Israel CEO Forum in New Delhi.
• These forums aim to bolster bilateral trade, technological collaborations, and cross-sector partnerships.

India-Israel Business Forum: Fostering Cross-Sector Collaborations

Organizers:

• Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India
• Embassy of Israel
• Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)

Key Focus Areas:

• Expanding trade relationships
• Identifying investment opportunities
• Fostering business collaborations

Key Participants:

• E. Nir M. Barkat, Minister of Economy and Industry of Israel, leading a high-level Israeli business delegation
• Representatives from sectors like:
  • Technology
  • Manufacturing
  • Healthcare
  • Agri-tech & Food Processing
  • Defense & Homeland Security
  • Water Management
  • Logistics & Retail

The forum will feature:

• Inaugural session
• Panel discussions
• B2B meetings

Key Focus Areas for Collaboration

• Technology & Innovation: AI, digital transformation, smart manufacturing
• Defense & Security: Defense technology, cybersecurity, homeland security
• Clean Energy & Sustainability: Renewable energy, water conservation, green technologies
• Healthcare & Life Sciences: Medical research, pharmaceutical trade, biotech investments
• Agriculture & Food Security: Israeli expertise in precision agriculture, drip irrigation, sustainable farming

India Inaugurates New Consulate in Marseille: Strengthening Indo-French Relations

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President Emmanuel Macron will jointly inaugurate the Indian Consulate in Marseille.
• This will be India’s second diplomatic mission in France, following its embassy in Paris.
• The move signifies India’s commitment to deeper economic, cultural, and strategic engagement with France, particularly in the country’s southern region.

Why is Marseille Important for India?

• Strategic Trade Hub:
  • Marseille is France’s second-largest city and a key Mediterranean trade gateway.
  • The Port of Marseille-Fos, the largest port in France, plays a vital role in connecting Europe with Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.
  • It handles a major share of France’s imports and exports, including critical oil shipments via Fos-sur-Mer.
• Boosting Economic Ties:
  • The new consulate will enhance economic relations and facilitate trade and business collaborations.
  • This aligns with India’s global trade vision, particularly in the context of the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEEC).

Indo-French Relations:

• The decision to establish the consulate was announced during PM Modi’s 2023 visit to France, marking a significant milestone in India’s European outreach.
• The inauguration reflects India’s long-term diplomatic strategy in Europe.

• Key Areas of Collaboration:
  • Defense: Strengthening joint defense production and military partnerships.
  • Trade: Expanding bilateral trade and investment opportunities.
  • Technology & Space: Collaborations in emerging technologies, AI, and space exploration.
• India-France AI Collaboration:
  • On February 11, 2025, PM Modi will co-chair the Artificial Intelligence Summit with President Macron in Paris.
  • This highlights Indo-French cooperation in AI-driven innovation and technology.

About France

• Capital: Paris
• President: Emmanuel Macron
• Prime minister: François Bayrou

CURRENT AFFAIRS: RANKING AND INDEX

Henley Index: Singapore's passport is the world's strongest, India at the 80th spot

• The Henley Passport Index 2025, compiled by Henley & Partners, ranks 199 passports based on visa-free and visa-on-arrival access to global destinations.
• Based on International Air Transport Association (IATA) data, the rankings highlight global mobility trends.

Top-Ranking Passports

1st Place: Singapore

• Visa-free access to 193 out of 227 destinations.

2nd Place: Japan & South Korea

• Visa-free access to 190 countries.
• Japan regained visa-free access to China, lost during Covid-19.

3rd Place: European Nations

• Finland, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Ireland
• Access to 189 destinations.

India’s Position in the Henley Passport Index 2025

• Rank: 80th
• Shared with: Algeria, Equatorial Guinea, Tajikistan
• Visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to: 62 countries

Bottom-Ranking Passports

• 99th (Last): Afghanistan – Access to 25 destinations
• 98th: Syria – Access to 27 destinations
• 97th: Iraq – Access to 30 destinations

Countries Showing Growth & Decline

Significant Gainers

• UAE (Rank 8, 185 destinations)
  • Gained access to 72 more destinations in the past decade.
  • Only Arab nations in the top 10.
• China (Rank 59, 58 destinations)
  • Improved from 94th in 2015 to 59th in 2025.
  • Secured 29 new visa-free access destinations in the past year.

Significant Decliners

• Venezuela – Biggest drop in rankings over the past decade.
• USA – Unexpected decline in ranking.
• Afghanistan – Lost access to two more destinations, widening its mobility gap.

Top 10 Rankers in Henley Passport Index 2025

Rank	Country
1st	Singapore
2nd	Japan, South Korea
3rd	Finland, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Ireland
4th	Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden
5th	Greece, New Zealand, Switzerland
6th	Australia, United Kingdom
7th	Canada, Czechia, Hungary, Malta, Poland
8th	Estonia, UAE
9th	Croatia, Latvia, Slovakia, Slovenia, United States
10th	Iceland, Lithuania

Note: Multiple countries share the same rank due to identical visa-free scores.

India and Its Neighboring Countries’ Rankings

Country	Rank
China	59th
India	80th
Bhutan	83rd
Sri Lanka	91st
Bangladesh	93rd
Nepal	94th
Pakistan	96th
Afghanistan	99th

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

Reliance Consumer Products Launches ‘Spinner’ in Sports Hydration Market

• Reliance Consumer Products Ltd (RCPL), the FMCG arm of Reliance Industries, has entered the sports hydration drink segment with its new brand,
• The drink, co-created with Sri Lankan cricket legend Muttiah Muralitharan, is positioned as an affordable alternative to established brands like Gatorade and Powerade.

Key Highlights of the Spinner Launch

1. RCPL’s Entry into the Sports Drink Market

• Spinner marks RCPL’s expansion into the sports beverage industry.
• Muttiah Muralitharan has played a key role in its creation.

2. Competitive Pricing Strategy

• Spinner is priced at ₹10 for a 150 ml bottle, making it the most affordable sports hydration drink.
• Comparison with Competitors:
  • Gatorade (PepsiCo) – ₹50 for 500 ml
  • Powerade (Coca-Cola) – ₹50 for 500 ml
  • Aptonia (Decathlon) – ₹99 for 400 ml (₹69 on discount)

3. RCPL’s Growing Beverage Portfolio

• Entered the beverage market with the Campa Cola revival (2023).
• Launched RasKik Gluco Energy (January 2025), entering the energy drink segment.
• Now holds over 10% market share in the sparkling beverage category in select states.

4. Spinner’s IPL Collaborations

• Partnered with top IPL franchises to enhance brand visibility:
  • Lucknow Super Giants
  • SunRisers Hyderabad
  • Punjab Kings
  • Gujarat Titans
  • Mumbai Indians

5. Flavors & Target Audience

• Available in three flavors: Lemon, Orange, and Nitro Blue.
• Designed for athletes and everyday consumers seeking hydration.

6. Vision for the Sports Beverage Market

• RCPL aims to create a $1 billion sports beverage category in three years.
• COO Ketan Mody: Focus on affordable hydration for all.
• Muttiah Muralitharan: Calls Spinner a "game-changer" in sports hydration.

Carlos Alcaraz Wins First Indoor Hardcourt Title at Rotterdam Open

• Carlos Alcaraz claimed his first indoor hardcourt title by defeating Alex de Minaur 6-4, 3-6, 6-2 in the Rotterdam Open final.
• This victory marked his 17th ATP Tour title and made him the first Spanish champion in the tournament’s 52-year history.
• Alcaraz displayed resilience despite battling a cold and enduring multiple three-set matches, showcasing his adaptability on indoor courts.

Key Highlights

• First Indoor Title: Alcaraz added an indoor hardcourt trophy to his collection, which already includes titles on grass, clay, and outdoor hard courts.
• Historic Spanish Champion: He became the first Spaniard to win the Rotterdam Open since its inception 52 years ago.
• Surpassing His Coach: With this 17th ATP title, Alcaraz surpassed his coach, Juan Carlos Ferrero, in career ATP Tour wins.

Brazilian Legend Marcelo Retires from Football at 36

• Brazilian footballer Marcelo, one of the most decorated left-backs in football history, has announced his retirement at the age of 36.
• The former Real Madrid and Brazil defender
• enjoyed a stellar career, winning 25 major trophies in 15 years at Madrid, including five UEFA Champions League titles.
• Real Madrid president Florentino Perez hailed Marcelo as one of the greatest left-backs in football history.
• Although his playing career has ended, Marcelo hinted at remaining involved in football.

Key Highlights of Marcelo’s Career

Early Career & Move to Real Madrid

• Began his career at Fluminense (Brazil) before moving to Real Madrid in 2007 at just 18 years old.
• Played 16 seasons for Real Madrid, becoming one of the club’s all-time greats.

Achievements with Real Madrid

• Won 25 major titles in 15 years, including:
  • 5 UEFA Champions League titles
  • 6 La Liga titles
  • 2 Copa del Rey titles
  • 5 FIFA Club World Cups
  • 3 UEFA Super Cups
• Became club captain in 2021, the first non-Spaniard to wear the armband in 117 years.

International Career with Brazil

• Represented Brazil 58 times in major international tournaments.
• Played a crucial role in Brazil’s defense for over a decade.

Later Years & Retirement

• Left Real Madrid in 2022, joining Olympiacos, but terminated his contract after five months.
• Returned to Fluminense in 2023, playing 68 matches before parting ways in November 2024.
• Announced his retirement in February 2025, stating his desire to continue contributing to football.

About UEFA

• Headquarters: Nyon, Switzerland

Rohit Sharma's Record-Breaking Performance Powers India to Victory in 2nd ODI Against England

• India’s captain Rohit Sharma delivered a stellar performance in the second ODI against England in Cuttack, leading India to a thrilling four-wicket win.
• Rohit’s 119-run knock off 90 balls, which included 12 fours and 7 sixes, helped him set multiple records.

Key Highlights of the Match

Rohit Sharma’s Achievements

• Second-Highest Six-Hitter in ODI History:
  • Surpassed Chris Gayle (331 sixes), becoming the second-highest six-hitter in ODI history with 338 sixes.
  • He now trails only Shahid Afridi, who holds the record with 351 sixes.
• Incredible 119 Runs:
  • Scored 119 runs off 90 balls with a strike rate of 132.22, hitting 12 fours and 7 sixes.
• Second-Highest Run-Getter for India as an Opener:
  • Rohit overtook Sachin Tendulkar (15,335 runs) to become India’s second-highest run-scorer as an opener, with 15,404 runs.
• 10th-Highest Run-Getter in ODI History:
  • With 10,987 runs in 267 matches, averaging 49.26, Rohit became the 10th-highest run-scorer in ODI history.
• 36th ODI Win as Captain:
  • Rohit secured his 36th ODI win as captain, equaling Viv Richards for the third-most wins as an ODI captain.

Most Sixes in ODI Cricket

Rank	Player	Country	Sixes	Innings Played
1	Shahid Afridi	Pakistan	351	369
2	Rohit Sharma	India	338*	259
3	Chris Gayle	West Indies	331	294
4	Sanath Jayasuriya	Sri Lanka	270	433
5	MS Dhoni	India	229	297

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

National Productivity Day: 12th February

• National Productivity Day 2025 is observed on the 12th of February 2025.
• The theme for National Productivity Day 2025 is “From Ideas to Impact: Protecting Intellectual Property for Competitive Startups”.
• On February 12, 1958, the National Productivity Council of India was Registered under Societies Registration Act XXI, 1860.
• To mark the council's establishment, its members decided to observe National Productivity Day every year on the same day.
• So, apart from encouraging people to be more productive in their work, National Productivity Day also celebrates the anniversary of the establishment of the National Productivity Council.

Daily CA One- Liner: February 12

• The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) has achieved a significant milestone, with over 54.58 crore bank accounts opened as of January 15, 2025
• The Indian government has expanded the scope of the National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) by adding 10 new agricultural commodities for trading.
• India will host the first-ever World Audio Visual Entertainment Summit (WAVES) at the Jio World Convention Centre in Mumbai from May 1 to 4, 2025.
• The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Government of India, and the Korea Transport Institute (KOTI), Republic of Korea, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to strengthen logistics and infrastructure collaboration.
• India and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA)—comprising Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein—have launched the India-EFTA Desk to facilitate deeper economic ties.
• India and Israel are set to enhance economic and trade relations through the upcoming India-Israel Business Forum and India-Israel CEO Forum in New Delhi.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President Emmanuel Macron will jointly inaugurate the Indian Consulate in Marseille
• The Henley Passport Index 2025, compiled by Henley & Partners, ranks 199 passports based on visa-free and visa-on-arrival access to global destinations
• Reliance Consumer Products Ltd (RCPL), the FMCG arm of Reliance Industries, has entered the sports hydration drink segment with its new brand, Spinner
• Carlos Alcaraz claimed his first indoor hardcourt title by defeating Alex de Minaur 6-4, 3-6, 6-2 in the Rotterdam Open final
• Brazilian footballer Marcelo, one of the most decorated left-backs in football history, has announced his retirement at the age of 36.
• India’s captain Rohit Sharma delivered a stellar performance in the second ODI against England in Cuttack, leading India to a thrilling four-wicket win.
• The Export Pathshala workshop aimed at enhancing agri and allied exports through Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) was organized by National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in collaboration with Palladium Consulting India Private Limited (PCIPL).
• The 4th edition of World of Coffee Dubai will take place from February 10 – 12, 2025, at the Dubai World Trade Centre (DWTC).
• Operation Devil Hunt was launched by Bangladesh's interim government in response to attacks on protesters allegedly carried out by supporters of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s Awami League party.
• The ‘Har Khet-Swasth Khet’ campaign aims to collect soil samples from every acre of Haryana and provide farmers with soil health cards.
• Canara Bank appointed Madhavankutty G as Chief Economist, effective January 2025.
• Nokia announced that Pekka Lundmark will step down as CEO, and Justin Hotard will take over from April 1, 2025.
• Romanian President Klaus Iohannis announced his resignation, effective February 12, 2025 after mounting pressure from populist opposition groups.
• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) has officially renamed its flagship jet training aircraft, the Hindustan Jet Trainer HJT-36, as ‘Yashas’ following extensive modifications aimed at enhancing its performance and operational efficiency.
• Scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee) have made a groundbreaking discovery about Acinetobacter baumannii, a highly drug-resistant superbug that causes life-threatening infections.
• India has recently finalized an agreement with Russia to acquire anti-ship cruise missiles. However, sources indicate that the deal involves the Klub-S missile system, part of the Kalibr missile family.
• National Productivity Day 2025 is observed on the 12th of February 2025.