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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Ind-Ra Revises India’s FY26 GDP Growth Forecast Upward to 7% from 6.3%

• India Ratings and Research (Ind-Ra) raised India’s FY26 GDP growth projection to 7%, up from 6.3% projected in July 2025.
• The upward revision was due to high GDP growth in Q1 FY26 (April–June) at 8%, the fastest pace in five quarters.

Key Highlights :

• RBI has projected FY26 GDP growth at 6.8%, higher than 6.5% in FY25.
• Official Q2 FY26 GDP data (July–September) is scheduled for release on 28 November 2025.
• Major headwinds include the US unilateral tariff hikes, which affected India significantly since August 2025.
• Tailwinds supporting growth are faster-than-expected disinflation, boosting real rural wages, and GST rationalisation improving consumer sentiment.
• The sharp upward revision is driven by strong Q1 GDP growth and lower-than-expected impact of US tariffs on global trade.
• FY26 growth risks are evenly balanced; growth could exceed 7% if there is a faster Indo-US trade deal or favourable weather conditions.
• Private Final Consumption Expenditure (PFCE) is expected to grow 7.4% YoY in FY26, up from 7.2% in FY25.
• Indian exports to the US fell 11.9% in September and 8.9% in October 2025 YoY, despite averaging USD 7.4 billion/month between April–October 2025.
• Ind-Ra noted that bilateral trade deals and diversification of export markets are essential for reviving Indian exports.

About India Ratings and Research:

• India Ratings and Research (Ind-Ra) is a prominent, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) registered credit rating agency in India.
• It is a wholly-owned (100%) subsidiary of the Fitch Group
• Founded: 1995
• Headquarters: Mumbai, India

Recent News:

• India Ratings and Research (Ind-Ra), a Fitch Group subsidiary, projected India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth at 7.2% for Q2 FY26, driven by robust private consumption and a resilient services sector.

IDFC FIRST Bank Signs Memorandum of Understanding with FPSB India to Boost Financial Planning Standards and Skill Development

• IDFC FIRST Bank signed an Memorandum of Understanding(MoU) with FPSB India, the Indian subsidiary of Financial Planning Standards Board Limited., as an Approved Corporate Partner (ACP) to strengthen financial planning standards and upskill banking teams.
• Rahul Singh, Country Head – Private Banking, IDFC FIRST Bank, and Chandrakant Sureka, Interim CEO, FPSB India, signed the MoU.
• The partnership falls under FPSB India’s ACP Programme aimed at promoting financial planning excellence and professional certification in Indian financial institutions.
• The collaboration will upskill IDFC FIRST Bank’s Wealth Management Regional Managers through specialized training and certification programs.
• It will support hiring initiatives and create career pathways for Certified Financial Planner (CFP)
• Both organisations will conduct joint strategic programs to strengthen the financial planning ecosystem and promote professional standards in wealth management.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

India–Slovenia Joint Committee on Trade and Economic Cooperation Reviews and Strengthens Bilateral Trade Relations

• The 10th Session of the India–Slovenia Joint Committee on Trade and Economic Cooperation (JCTEC) was held in New Delhi, co-chaired by Shri Saket Kumar, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, India, and Peter Japelj, Director General for Economic, Cultural and Scientific Diplomacy, Slovenia.
• The session reviewed the current state of bilateral economic engagement and aimed to strengthen cooperation across key sectors, while charting a forward-looking roadmap for trade and investment between India and Slovenia.
• Discussions included a comprehensive review of the global and domestic economic landscape and an assessment of bilateral trade and investment relations.
• Sectoral cooperation was explored in agriculture, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, health, transport, energy, tourism, MSMEs, and Ayurveda/traditional medicine, along with other trade and business-related matters.
• Both sides expressed optimism for the early conclusion of a balanced and mutually beneficial India–EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA).
• The 10th JCTEC reaffirmed India’s commitment to a dynamic economic partnership with Slovenia, built on mutual trust, shared values, and enduring friendship, laying the groundwork for deeper collaboration across Europe and India.

About Slovenia :

• President : Nataša Pirc Musar
• Prime Minister : Robert Golob
• Capital : Ljubljana
• Currency : Euro

Food and Agriculture Organisation’s SOFA 2025 Report Warns That 1.7 Billion People Face Falling Crop Yields from Human-Driven Land Degradation

• The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO),UN specialised agency released the report ‘State of Food and Agriculture (SOFA) 2025’ in Rome, highlighting that 7 billion people live in regions with declining crop yields due to human-induced land degradation.
• India is identified among the countries with major crop-yield losses in Eastern and Southern Asia, the most affected regions.

Key Highlights :

• SOFA 2025, published annually by FAO, evaluates how soil organic carbon, soil erosion, and soil water have deteriorated due to human activity using a debt-based approach.
• Over 130 countries have pledged Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) under the UNCCD, recognising land degradation as a global challenge.
• Agriculture accounts for ~90% of global deforestation, making it the primary driver of forest loss.
• Reversing just 10% of degraded croplands through sustainable land management can feed 154 million people
• Restoring abandoned croplands could potentially feed 292–476 million people, as per FAO analysis.
• Global cropland expanded by 78 million ha, while meadows and pastures shrank by 151 million ha, leading to a 2% net decline in agricultural land.
• Yield loss impacts from 1% additional degradation were highest in Upper-Middle-Income Countries (UMICs) at ~2 million tonnes/year, followed by LMICs, HICs, and LICs.
• Land degradation led to 3.6 million ha of cropland being abandoned each year globally.
• Vulnerability hotspots include Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, where degraded lands overlap with high poverty and childhood stunting; 47 million children under age 5 in these hotspots suffer stunting.
• Around 85% of global farms are under 2 ha, yet they cultivate only 9% of farmland, while 0.1% of farms (>1,000 ha) control ~50% of agricultural land.
• Smallholders contribute 16% of global dietary energy, 12% proteins, and 9% fats, despite limited access to land, credit, inputs, and technology.
• India’s land degradation is severe in eastern and southern regions, driven by soil erosion, nutrient loss, deforestation, and excessive irrigation.

About FAO :

• Founded : 1945
• Headquarters: Rome, Italy.
• Director-General: Qu Dongyu

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

Delhi to Increase Revenue Districts from 11 to 13 for Better Governance

• The Delhi Government has approved in principle the plan to increase revenue districts from 11 to 13, aiming to decentralise governance and make public services more accessible.
• The number of subdivisions (Sub-Divisional Magistrate offices) will increase from 33 to 39, reducing travel distance for services like certificates, mutations, registrations and other essential documentation.
• The expansion is expected to reduce congestion, speed up file processing, improve accountability, and ensure efficient neighbourhood-level service delivery.
• Final implementation awaits approval from the Lieutenant Governor (LG), after which the restructuring will be officially notified.
• Each new district will have a mini-secretariat, providing most government services under one roof (excluding law and order, which is handled by the Delhi Police).
• Boundary restructuring is based on the existing 11 municipal zones, with major changes including:
  • Sadar Zone to be part of the new Old Delhi district
  • East Delhi and North-East Delhi to be renamed Shahdara South and Shahdara North
  • A large part of South-West Delhi to form the new Najafgarh district
• The move aims to align administration with population distribution and local service needs, improving transparency and governance efficiency.
• Residents are expected to benefit through quicker service access, reduced waiting times, better workload distribution, and more responsive administration, especially in fast-growing localities.

About Delhi:

• Chief Minister: Rekha Gupta
• Lieutenant Governor: Vinai Kumar Saxena
• Capital: New Delhi
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary, Yamuna Biodiversity Park, Aravalli Biodiversity Park

RECENT NEWS

• India is set to host the Sixth International Agronomy Congress (IAC‑2025) from 24 to 26 November 2025 in New Delhi, uniting over 1,000 delegates from across the globe. With the participation of world-renowned experts, agricultural leaders, policymakers, and young researchers, the event aims to chart a path toward future-ready farming systems. Union Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan will inaugurate the congress, emphasizing India’s leading role in sustainable agronomy.

Punjab Assembly Declares Anandpur Sahib, Talwandi Sabo and Golden Temple Galiara as Holy Cities

• In a historic step, the Punjab Legislative Assembly passed a resolution declaring Anandpur Sahib (Rupnagar district), Talwandi Sabo (Bathinda district) and the Galiara surrounding the Golden Temple (Amritsar) as holy cities of Punjab.
• The decision aims to preserve the spiritual sanctity and cultural heritage of key Sikh religious places.
• The resolution mandates a complete ban on liquor, meat and tobacco products in these declared holy cities to uphold their religious and cultural environment.
• For the first time in history, a special session of the Punjab Legislative Assembly was convened at Anandpur Sahib, marking a symbolic occasion to commemorate the 350th martyrdom anniversary of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru known for his sacrifice to protect religious freedom and human dignity.
• The special sitting paid tribute at the Bhai Jaita Ji Memorial Park and highlighted Guru Tegh Bahadur’s teachings on tolerance, harmony, and universal human rights.
• The session was attended by senior leaders including Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann and Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) national convener Arvind Kejriwal.
• A separate resolution honoured the profound contribution of Guru Tegh Bahadur, recognising his supreme sacrifice for safeguarding religious freedom and upholding values of secularism, peace, and universal brotherhood.
• It encouraged public institutions to teach his life and history and commended the government for organising state-wide commemorative programmes.

About Punjab:

• Chief Minister: Bhagwant Mann ​
• Governor: Gulab Chand Kataria
• Capital: Chandigarh ​
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Abohar Wildlife Sanctuary, Aishvan Wildlife Sanctuary, Bir Bhadson Wildlife Sanctuary, Bir Bunerheri Wildlife Sanctuary, Bir Dosanjh Wildlife Sanctuary ​

RECENT NEWS

• In a pioneering move aimed at improving access to justice, the Punjab State Scheduled Castes Commission has inaugurated a separate courtroom exclusively for handling cases concerning the Scheduled Caste (SC) community. This facility is the first of its kind under any state‑level Scheduled Castes Commission in India.

Vice-President Reviews Initiatives of Ministry of Tribal Affairs for Strengthening Tribal Welfare

• The Vice-President of India, C. P. Radhakrishnan, was briefed by Union Minister of Tribal Affairs Jual Oram and senior officials at Parliament House on the Ministry’s major programmes for empowering tribal communities.
• The Ministry has recorded a three-fold increase in budget allocation over the past eleven years, rising from around ₹4,500 crore in 2014–15 to nearly ₹15,000 crore in 2025–26, reflecting the government’s commitment to expanding tribal development, education, infrastructure, and welfare for vulnerable groups.

Key Highlights

• A major focus is on education through the expansion of Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) for delivering quality education in remote tribal areas. As of mid-2025, 728 EMRS schools have been approved, 479 are functional, and over 1.38 lakh tribal students are enrolled.
• The Vice-President highlighted the importance of university–school partnerships, continuous academic mentoring, and reducing dropout rates among tribal students to ensure smooth transition to higher education.
• Multiple flagship schemes are driving holistic development.
• The Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN) targets Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) to ensure access to essential services including education, healthcare, drinking water, and housing.
• The Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan aims for infrastructure saturation in tribal villages, ensuring roads, schools, power supply, and digital connectivity.
• The Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan builds institutional capacity and leadership among tribal youth and officials by strengthening administrative and entrepreneurial skills.
• Health was identified as a critical priority, especially due to the high prevalence of sickle cell anaemia in tribal regions.
• The Ministry is implementing targeted interventions involving large-scale screening, early diagnosis, improved treatment access, and strengthening health facilities in remote tribal areas.
• The Vice-President appreciated these efforts and underscored the need to close health-care gaps.
• The Ministry is also promoting tribal culture, art, heritage, and sustainable livelihoods, including handicrafts, forest-produce-based income, and tribal entrepreneurship through financial and skill-development support, helping protect tribal identity while improving income levels.
• Key challenges highlighted include ensuring effective last-mile delivery of schemes, reducing school dropouts, improving health-care accessibility, and increasing community participation.
• The Vice-President stated that achieving full benefits for tribal communities is essential for realising the national vision of Viksit Bharat (Developed India).

About Ministry of Tribal Affairs:

• Minister of State: Shri Durgadas Uikey
• Union Minister: Shri Jual Oram

RECENT NEWS

• In a strategic step towards inclusive youth empowerment and national development, the Ministry of Tribal Affairs has inaugurated Adi Karmayogi Student Chapters across India’s premier institutions, including IITs, IIMs, AIIMS, NITs, and other leading universities.

National Commission for Women Launches New 24×7 Short Helpline Number 14490 for Women’s Safety

• The National Commission for Women (NCW) has launched a new 24×7 national short-code helpline number: 14490, offering women across India quick and easy access to support during emergencies involving violence, harassment, or threats.
• The toll-free number connects directly to NCW’s existing helpline system, enabling women to seek help instantly, receive guidance, counselling, and legal aid, and get connected to law enforcement agencies when required.

Key Highlights

• The initiative strengthens NCW’s mission to ensure timely assistance, improve accessibility for vulnerable groups, and respond effectively to rising cases of gender-based violence.
• Key features of 14490:
  • Toll-free, easy-to-remember short code
  • Operational 24×7
  • Support for cases of domestic violence, sexual harassment, cybercrime, mental health concerns, and legal queries
  • Integrated with NCW’s national helpline network and state authorities
• The short code is designed to remain memorable even under stress, accessible from any mobile or landline, and aligns with the government’s focus on Digital India and women-led development, ensuring help is just a call away for every woman in distress.

National Commission for Women:

• Set up: 1992
• Established under: National Commission for Women Act, 1990

• Headquarters: New Delhi
• The National Commission for Women (NCW) is a statutory body of the Government of India.

India Inaugurates Biomass Pellet Plant & Lays Foundation for Bio-Ethanol Plant in Haryana

• Union Minister of New and Renewable Energy Pralhad Joshi inaugurated a biomass pellet plant and laid the foundation stone for a bio-ethanol plant in Rewari, Haryana, advancing India’s goals under Net Zero 2070 and the E20 Mission.
• The pellet plant will produce 240 tonnes of biomass pellets per day using crop residue such as paddy straw, mustard straw, and cotton stalks. These pellets will be used for co-firing in thermal power plants, replacing coal and reducing emissions.

Key Highlights

• Key benefits of the pellet plant include reduction of stubble burning, lower air pollution, rural job creation, income generation for farmers, and strengthening of India’s renewable energy mix.
• The K2 Bio-Ethanol plant, for which the foundation stone was laid, will convert agricultural residue into bio-ethanol, supporting India’s goal of 20% ethanol blending in petrol by 2025 under the E20 Mission.
• The bio-ethanol plant will help reduce oil imports, cut transport emissions, promote clean rural industries, and enhance farmer income by utilising stubble for fuel production.
• Minister Pralhad Joshi highlighted that agricultural residue, once considered a burden, is now being transformed into biofuels and energy pellets, driven by government policies such as mandatory biomass co-firing in thermal power plants.
• The initiative reflects Haryana’s growing focus on green infrastructure, positioning regions like Rewari as hubs for renewable fuel innovation, decentralised clean energy, and rural industrial growth.
• The project aligns with India’s broader vision of combining infrastructure development with environmental sustainability while empowering farmers as key contributors to the clean-energy ecosystem.

About Haryana:

• Chief Minister: Nayab Singh Saini
• Governor: Ashim Kumar Ghosh
• Capital: Chandigarh
• National Parks: Sultanpur National Park, Kalesar National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary, Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary, Nahar Wildlife Sanctuary

CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS

Velamala Simmanna Selected for Lok Nayak Foundation Literary Award 2025

• Velamala Simmanna, noted Telugu writer and Former Head of the Department of Telugu, Andhra University, has been selected for the Lok Nayak Foundation (LNF) Literary Award 2025.
• He will receive a cash prize of ₹2 lakh at the award ceremony scheduled on January 18, 2026, in Visakhapatnam.
• The announcement was made by LNF Chairman Yarlagadda Lakshmi Prasad.
• The ceremony is held annually on January 18, marking the death anniversaries of Harivansh Rai Bachchan and Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (N.T. Rama Rao).
• LNF also announced Life-Time Achievement Awards (₹1 lakh each) for:
  • Nori Dattatreyudu – oncologist and Health Advisor to the Government of Andhra Pradesh
  • Thotakura Prasad – promoter of Telugu culture in Dallas
  • Vemulapalli Raghavendra Choudhary – doctor serving in Detroit for over 40 years
  • Aarien Uday Areti – Deputy Mayor, Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
• Distinguished guests at the event include Deputy Speaker Raghu Ramakrishna Raju, Justice B. Devanand, actor Tanikella Bharani, and MLA Ganta Srinivasa Rao.
• Velamala Simmanna, with 100+ published works, has made significant contributions to literary criticism, language studies, cultural essays, and creative writing.
• His work has strengthened the role of Telugu literature in shaping cultural identity and supporting literary growth across communities, including the diaspora.

International Emmy Awards 2025: India’s Amar Singh Chamkila Receives Two Major Nominations

• At the International Emmy Awards 2025 held in New York City, the Indian film Amar Singh Chamkila, directed by Imtiaz Ali and featuring Diljit Dosanjh, received nominations in two major categories—Best Television Movie/Mini-Series and Best Performance by an Actor.
• The film, released on Netflix India, marked a significant moment for Indian storytelling on the global platform despite not winning any awards.

Key Highlights

• In the Best Television Movie/Mini-Series category, Amar Singh Chamkila competed against Herrhausen (Germany), Vencer o Morir (Chile), and Lost Boys and Fairies (United Kingdom), with the United Kingdom’s Lost Boys and Fairies winning the award. In the Best Actor category, Diljit Dosanjh lost to Oriol Pla (Spain) for his role in Yo, adicto.
• India did not secure a win, but the nominations were celebrated as a notable achievement for India’s global streaming and cinema presence, highlighting increasing recognition for regional and biographical content.
• The ceremony showcased winners across major international categories:
  • Best Television Movie/Mini-Series – Lost Boys and Fairies (United Kingdom)
  • Best Actor – Oriol Pla for Yo, adicto (Spain)
  • Best Actress – Anna Maxwell Martin for Until I Kill You (United Kingdom)
  • Best Drama Series – Rivals (United Kingdom)
  • Best Comedy – Ludwig (United Kingdom)
  • Best Art Programming – Ryuichi Sakamoto: Last Days (Japan)
  • Best Documentary – Hell Jumper (United Kingdom)
  • Best Current Affairs – Dispatches Kill Zone: Inside Gaza (United Kingdom)
  • Best News Program – Gaza, Search for Life (Qatar)
  • Best Telenovela – Deha (Türkiye)
  • Best Sports Documentary – It’s All Over: The Kiss That Changed Spanish Football (Spain)
  • Best Non-Scripted Entertainment – Shaolin Heroes: Denmark (Denmark)
  • Best Short-Form Series – La Mediatrice (Canada)
• In Children’s Programming, the winners included:
  • Best Kids Animation – Bluey (Australia)
  • Best Kids Live-Action – Fallen (United Kingdom)
  • Best Kids Factual and Entertainment – Auf Fritzis Spuren (Germany)
• The results reflected strong global participation from Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Australia, highlighting emerging trends in international entertainment such as culturally rooted narratives, emotionally driven stories, and increased global acceptance of diverse content.
• For India, the nominations of Amar Singh Chamkila demonstrated the rising global visibility of Indian streaming content, supported by platforms such as Netflix India, and underlined growing international interest in India’s regional, cultural, and biographical storytelling.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS AND AGREEMENTS

Bharat Electronics Limited –Safran Electronics and Defence Joint Venture to Produce HAMMER Weapon System in India

• Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and Safran Electronics and Defence (SED), France, have signed a Joint Venture Cooperation Agreement (JVCA) in New Delhi to locally manufacture the HAMMER – Highly Agile Modular Munition Extended Range precision-guided air-to-ground weapon.

Key Highlights

• The agreement supports Aatmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) and strengthens defence indigenisation under the Make-in-India initiative.
• The HAMMER system, developed by Safran, is a combat-proven, modular, and highly accurate air-to-ground precision-guided munition.
• It is compatible with fighter aircraft such as the Rafale and Tejas LCA – Light Combat Aircraft.
• Its key features include modular mission configuration, extended strike range, pin-point accuracy, and high reliability, adding significant value to India’s precision-strike capabilities.
• The joint venture will function as a 50:50 private limited company. It will manufacture, supply, and maintain HAMMER weapons within India, catering to the operational requirements of the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Indian Navy (IN).
• Production will begin through a phased transfer of production, aiming to achieve up to 60% indigenisation, including local manufacturing of electronic components, sub-assemblies, and mechanical parts.
• Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) will oversee final assembly, quality assurance, and testing.
• The collaboration was initially outlined in a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed during Aero India 2025 on 11 February 2025.
• With the signing of the JVCA, both BEL and SED reaffirm their commitment to building a strong guided-weapons industrial base in India.
• The technology transfer, localisation, and production expansion will be implemented in multiple phases, supporting skill development, supplier ecosystem creation, and capacity building in India’s defence sector.
• The partnership further strengthens long-standing India–France defence cooperation, which includes major programmes such as the Rafale fighter jet programme and Scorpene-class submarine construction.
• The HAMMER joint venture brings advanced technology, local manufacturing capability, and precision-guided weapon production to Indian soil, deepening the strategic defence relationship between the two nations.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Appointments Committee of the Cabinet Reappoints Justice Ashok Bhushan as National Company Law Appellate Tribunal Chairman

• The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) headed by Prime Minister (PM( Narendra Modi approved the re-appointment of Justice Ashok Bhushan as Chairman of the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT).
• As per the order of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (MoPP&P), he will continue in office till 4 July 2026, when he attains the age of 70 years.
• Justice Ashok Bhushan became a permanent Judge of the Allahabad High Court in April 2001, served as Chief Justice of the Kerala High Court in 2015, and was elevated to the Supreme Court of India in May 2016, serving till July 2021.
• He was appointed Chairman of the Ravi Beas River Tribunal in July 2020.
• He was initially appointed NCLAT Chairperson on 8 November 2021, succeeding Justice Bansi Lal Bhat, who was serving in an acting capacity.

About NCLAT :

• The National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) is a tribunal formed by the Central Government of India.
• It was established under Section 410 of the Companies Act, 2013.
• The NCLAT was officially formed on 1 June 2016.
• It consists of a Chairperson, and not more than eleven members in total.
• The tribunal is currently structured to include a Chairperson, 3 judicial members, and 2 technical members.
• The formation of the NCLAT was carried out under the powers granted to the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) in India.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Signs USD 1 Billion Deal with GE to Supply 113 F404 Engines for 97 Tejas Mk-1A Fighters of the IAF

• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) signed a USD 1 billion (approx. 8,800 crore) agreement with General Electric (GE), United States of America (USA), for 113 F404-GE-IN20 (General Electric F404 Turbofan Engine, Indian Variant 20) jet engines to power 97 LCA Tejas Mk-1A aircraft for the Indian Air Force (IAF).
• The agreement covers engines for 68 single-seater and 29 twin-seater Tejas Mk-1A variants, with deliveries scheduled between 2027–2032 as per HAL’s production plan.
• With this deal, total Tejas Mk-1A programme orders rise to 180 aircraft, including the earlier 2021 order for 83 jets.
• LCA Tejas Mk-1A, developed by Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) under DRDO and manufactured by HAL, features Uttam AESA Radar, Electronic Warfare (EW) suite, and advanced mission control systems.
• The Tejas Mk-1A has over 64% indigenous content, supporting India’s ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative, and is capable of air defence, maritime reconnaissance, and strike missions.

About HAL :

• Chairman & Managing Director (CMD) : Dr. D.K. Sunil
• Headquarters : Bengaluru, Karnataka.
• HAL, a CPSE under the Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence, was originally established as Hindustan Aircraft in 1940 and became Hindustan Aeronautics Limited in 1964.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

World Health Organization Declares Indonesia Free of Type-2 cVDPV After Zero Cases Since June 2024

• The World Health Organization (WHO) declared Indonesia free from Type-2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) after no polio cases reported since June 2024 in children or the environment.

Key Highlights :

• To achieve polio-free status, a country must have no wild poliovirus cases for at least three years as per WHO criteria.
• The criteria also require robust immunization, effective surveillance, and rapid response systems for suspected cases.
• The outbreak of cVDPV-2 began in Aceh Province in 2022, prompting emergency vaccination measures.
• Indonesia conducted two nationwide vaccination rounds using nOPV2 between 2022–2024 to control the outbreak.
• IPV (2nd dose) immunization coverage increased from 63% to 73% in 2024, strengthening population immunity.
• Indonesia introduced a hexavalent vaccine providing protection against six diseases including polio.
• Indonesia stopped indigenous wild poliovirus transmission in 1995 and was certified wild-polio free in 2014.
• Poliomyelitis (Polio) is a highly contagious viral disease primarily affecting children under 5 years.
• Polio attacks the nervous system, causing paralysis or death in severe cases.

About Indonesia :

• President: Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo
• Capital: Jakarta
• Currency: Indonesian Rupiah (IDR).

About WHO :

• Formation : 7 April 1948
• Headquarters : Geneva, Switzerland
• Director General : Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
• Member states: 194

CURRENT AFFAIRS : ENVIRONMENT

Six Butterfly Species Newly Recorded in India Discovered by ATREE Team in Arunachal Pradesh

• Researchers from Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bengaluru (Karnataka) and the Litin Community Conservation Society documented six butterfly species previously unrecorded in India from the Simong Community Forest in Upper Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh.
• The study was published in the “Entomon Journal” and highlighted the biogeographic link between the Yarlung Tsangpo River (Tibet) and the Brahmaputra basin (India).

Key Highlights :

• The newly recorded species include Litin Onyx (Horaga takanamii), earlier known only from Laos and named after the Litin clan for conservation efforts.
• The list also includes Narrow-banded Royal (Dacalana vui) found in northern Thailand and Vietnam, identified by its narrow white wing band.
• Another species recorded was the Tibetan Duke (Euthalia zhaxidunzhui), previously seen in Metok (Tibet) and northern Myanmar.
• The team also recorded the Tibetan Sergeant (Athyma yui), known from southeastern Tibet, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam.
• The Tibetan Junglequeen (Stichophthalma neumogeni renqingduojiei), earlier known only from Metok, Tibet, was found to be common in the Simong Forest.
• The final species recorded was Mountain Columbine (Stiboges elodinia), distributed across northern Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and China.
• These discoveries, made in 2024, signify major range extensions from Tibet, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam, showing strong ecological connectivity in the Himalayan region.
• A total of 90 butterfly species were recorded in the surveys, revealing the underexplored biodiversity potential of Simong Community Forest.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: RANKING AND REPORTS

IIM Ranchi Secures AMBA Accreditation and 4 Palmes of Excellence in Eduniversal Rankings 2025

• The Indian Institute of Management Ranchi (IIM Ranchi) has achieved two major global recognitions — international accreditation from the Association of MBAs (AMBA) and the 4 Palmes of Excellence in the Eduniversal Best Business Schools Ranking 2025, placing it among globally influential management institutions.
• The AMBA (Association of MBAs) accreditation, one of the most prestigious global benchmarks for postgraduate management education, places IIM Ranchi in the top 2% of business schools worldwide.
• This accreditation is granted after a comprehensive review covering curriculum innovation, pedagogical quality, overall learning experience, and career outcomes for students.
• With the AMBA recognition, IIM Ranchi’s Master of Business Administration (MBA) and other postgraduate programmes are now certified to meet international academic and professional standards, enhancing the institute’s reputation among students and global academic peers.
• IIM Ranchi has also received the 4 Palmes of Excellence in the Eduniversal Rankings 2025, recognising its significant international influence, strong global academic visibility, extensive partnership networks, and increasing peer recognition among business schools across 154 countries.
• The Eduniversal Ranking System evaluates 1,000+ business schools worldwide based on international reputation, academic influence, and global engagement.
  The 4 Palmes category is awarded to institutions known for strong global links and rising international impact.
• These recognitions reflect IIM Ranchi’s strategic focus on global engagement, including collaborations with leading international universities, faculty development programmes, executive education, research partnerships, and enhanced opportunities for student mobility.
• IIM Ranchi emphasises developing responsible, ethical, and globally competent leaders, capable of addressing complex challenges in today’s dynamic business ecosystem.
• Alongside its global recognitions, IIM Ranchi will participate in JAP 2026 — Joint Admission Process 2026, conducted in collaboration with IIM Raipur, IIM Kashipur, and IIM Tiruchirappalli.
• IIM Raipur will act as the coordinating institute, ensuring a unified and transparent admission process for the upcoming Master of Business Administration (MBA) cohort.
• JAP 2026 aims to streamline the admission experience, maintain evaluation consistency, and promote collaboration and resource-sharing across participating Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs).

About AMBA (Association of MBAs):

• Established in 1967 in the United Kingdom, AMBA accredits top global business schools and focuses on postgraduate programmes like Master of Business Administration (MBA), Master in Business Management (MBM), and Doctor of Business Administration (DBA).

About Eduniversal Rankings:

• A global ranking system covering 154 countries and 1,000+ business schools, Eduniversal awards 1–5 Palmes of Excellence based on international influence, academic reputation, and peer endorsement from Deans and directors of business schools worldwide.

India Records Severe Winter Air Pollution; Delhi Remains the World’s Most Polluted Capital (November 2025)

• New Delhi continues to be the world’s most polluted capital city, according to the Central Pollution Control Board and IQAir Live Air Quality Index Plus Rankings.
• With the onset of winter, India’s air pollution levels have risen sharply, especially in North India, due to low wind speed, falling temperatures, and increased emissions, pushing several cities into the “very poor” and “severe” air quality categories.
• Air Quality Index Categories (0–500):
  Good (0–50), Satisfactory (51–100), Moderately Polluted (101–200), Poor (201–300), Very Poor (301–400), Severe (401–500).
• Top Ten Most Polluted Cities in India (November 2025):
  1. Hapur, Uttar Pradesh – Air Quality Index 416 (Severe) – Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
  2. Noida, Uttar Pradesh – Air Quality Index 397 (Very Poor) – Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5)
  3. Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh – Air Quality Index 396 (Very Poor) – Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5)
  4. Delhi (National Capital Territory of Delhi) – Air Quality Index 382 (Very Poor) – Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
  5. Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh – Air Quality Index 382 (Very Poor) – Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
  6. Charkhi Dadri, Haryana – Air Quality Index 366 (Very Poor) – Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
  7. Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh – Air Quality Index 356 (Very Poor) – Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
  8. Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – Air Quality Index 350 (Very Poor) – Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5)
  9. Manesar, Haryana – Air Quality Index 342 (Very Poor) – Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
  10. Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh – Air Quality Index 330 (Very Poor) – Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
• Delhi recorded an Air Quality Index of 382, leading to the implementation of emergency actions under the Graded Response Action Plan, including construction bans, traffic restrictions, and anti-smog operations.
• Top Ten Cleanest Cities in India (November 2025):
  1. Ariyalur, Tamil Nadu – Air Quality Index 13 (Good) – Sulphur Dioxide
  2. Ooty, Tamil Nadu – Air Quality Index 15 (Good) – Sulphur Dioxide
  3. Karur, Tamil Nadu – Air Quality Index 16 (Good) – Sulphur Dioxide
  4. Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu – Air Quality Index 16 (Good) – Sulphur Dioxide
  5. Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu – Air Quality Index 17 (Good) – Sulphur Dioxide
  6. Shillong, Meghalaya – Air Quality Index 17 (Good) – Particulate Matter (PM10)
  7. Perundurai, Tamil Nadu – Air Quality Index 21 (Good) – Particulate Matter (PM10)
  8. Tirupur, Tamil Nadu – Air Quality Index 22 (Good) – Carbon Monoxide
  9. Salem, Tamil Nadu – Air Quality Index 22 (Good) – Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
  10. Mangalore, Karnataka – Air Quality Index 25 (Good) – Ozone (O₃)
  11. Davanagere, Karnataka – Air Quality Index 26 (Good) – Carbon Monoxide
• With an Air Quality Index of 13, Ariyalur in Tamil Nadu is officially the cleanest city in India in November 2025.
• Causes of High Pollution in Northern India:
  Crop residue burning in Punjab and Haryana, vehicular emissions in densely populated areas, construction dust, industrial pollution, temperature inversion and low wind speed, and firecracker usage during the festival season.
• Reasons for Cleaner Air in Southern and Northeastern India:
  Lower industrial concentration, effective pollution control measures, abundant green cover, favourable geographical conditions, and limited use of fossil fuels for domestic purposes.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

Lakshya Sen Wins 2025 Australian Open Super 500 Title

• India’s Lakshya Sen (World No. 14) clinched the 2025 Australian Open Super 500 title in Sydney after defeating Yushi Tanaka of Japan in straight games 21-15, 21-11, securing his first title of 2025 and the third Super 500 title of his career.
• The final lasted 38 minutes, with Sen leading throughout. Tanaka briefly reduced the margin to 15-13 in the first game, but a series of unforced errors and inaccurate drop shots allowed Sen to close out the match comfortably.
• The victory is significant for Sen as it comes after a season of close finishes, including a runner-up result at the Hong Kong Open 2025, and marks a strong return to form following his Paris Olympics 2024 setback.
• Sen had a tougher road in the earlier rounds.
  – He defeated Ayush Shetty (India) in a demanding quarterfinal.
  – He overcame Chou Tien Chen (Chinese Taipei) in a challenging semifinal that tested his stamina and shot selection.
• After the win, Sen made a symbolic gesture by closing his ears with his fingers, reflecting his focus, determination, and perseverance through months of training and recovery.
• Although the victory came too late for qualification to the 2025 Badminton World Federation (BWF) World Tour Finals, it provides a major confidence boost, strengthens his world ranking, and positions him well for key 2026 events such as the Thomas Cup and Asian Games qualifiers.

5th Khelo India University Games Inaugurated in Jaipur, Rajasthan

• The 5th Khelo India University Games (KIUG) were inaugurated at Sawai Mansingh Stadium, Jaipur, showcasing a grand blend of India’s youth sporting talent and Rajasthan’s cultural heritage.
• The ceremony was led by Rajasthan Chief Minister Bhajan Lal Sharma and Union Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports Mansukh Mandaviya, who lit the ceremonial lamp to formally commence the Games.
• The event also featured a drone show and cultural performances highlighting the traditions of Rajasthan.
• The Games will be held from 24 November to 5 December 2025, with Rajasthan hosting the event across Jaipur, Ajmer, Udaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Kota, and Bharatpur. Around 7,000 participants, including nearly 5,000 athletes from more than 230 universities, are competing in 23 sporting disciplines, while Kho-Kho is being showcased as a demonstration sport.
• Jaipur will function as the main hub, hosting major events such as athletics, shooting, archery, badminton, and hockey, while other cities will conduct additional competitions, turning the entire state into a vibrant sporting arena.
• Union Minister Mansukh Mandaviya highlighted that the Khelo India initiative is central to India’s long-term vision of emerging as a global sports powerhouse, noting that athletes discovered through earlier editions have gone on to represent India at prestigious international events.
• Chief Minister Bhajan Lal Sharma encouraged young athletes to maintain consistency and dedication, emphasising their ability to bring honour to the nation through sports.
• Launched in 2020, the Khelo India University Games aim to strengthen university-level sports infrastructure and expand participation.
• The 2025 edition marks Rajasthan’s first time hosting the Games, symbolising a major step in decentralising sports opportunities and broadening access to high-quality competitive platforms across India.

Italy Wins Its 4th Davis Cup Title, Achieves Historic Third Consecutive Victory

• Italy clinched its fourth Davis Cup title by defeating Spain 2–0 in the final, marking a historic hat-trick of championships with consecutive wins in 2023, 2024, and 2025.
• This makes Italy only the second nation after the United States to secure three consecutive Davis Cup titles, solidifying its status as a major force in world tennis.

Key Highlights

• In the final, Matteo Berrettini dominated the opening singles match with a 6-3, 6-4 win over Pablo Carreno Busta, giving Italy an early lead.
• Flavio Cobolli completed the triumph by staging a remarkable comeback to defeat Jaume Munar 1-6, 7-6(5), 7-5, sealing the tie and making the doubles match unnecessary.
• With this victory, Italy now holds four Davis Cup titles (1976, 2023, 2024, 2025), reflecting the team’s depth, balance, and consistent dominance throughout the tournament.

India Joins WorldSkills Asia Competition for the First Time

• India has officially joined the WorldSkills Asia Competition for the first time, with the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship flagging off a 23-member Indian contingent to compete in Chinese Taipei from 27 November 2025.

Key Highlights

• The Indian delegation includes 23 competitors across 21 skill categories and 21 domain experts who trained and mentored them through a national selection process led by industry specialists and Sector Skill Councils.
• The participation is coordinated by the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), with WorldSkills India acting as the implementation and knowledge partner.
• WorldSkills Asia serves as a regional platform under the WorldSkills movement, promoting excellence in vocational education and training (VET). Indian competitors will showcase skills in areas such as Mechatronics, CNC Milling, Web Development, Mobile Robotics, Graphic Design Technology, Fashion Technology, and Cloud Computing.
• Minister of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Jayant Chaudhary highlighted the government’s commitment to empowering youth with future-ready skills, strengthening India’s global presence in vocational training, and encouraging international collaboration in the skills ecosystem.
• India’s debut in the competition supports its vision to become the “Skill Capital of the World”, offering exposure to global skill benchmarks, enhancing India’s competitiveness, and improving prospects for future performance at the WorldSkills International Competition.
• The initiative is expected to boost youth participation in the Skill India Mission, raise the profile of skilled trades, and position India strongly within the global skills arena.
• NSDC and WorldSkills India are responsible for selecting, training, and mentoring candidates, building partnerships with industry and academia, and aligning training with international skill standards to prepare a globally competitive workforce.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : OBITUARIES

Iconic Star Dharmendra Kewal Krishan Deol Passed Away in Mumbai at Age 89

• Dharmendra Kewal Krishan Deol, popularly known as Dharmendra, passed away on 24 November 2025 at the age of 89 in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

About Dharmendra Kewal Krishan Deol :

• Dharmendra was born on 8 December 1935 in Nasrali, Punjab.
• He was widely known as the “He-Man of Bollywood”.
• Dharmendra had an illustrious career spanning over six decades, acting in 300+ films in multiple languages, mainly in Hindi cinema.
• He made his debut in 1960 with the film “Dil Bhi Tera Hum Bhi Tere”.
• He received early critical acclaim for “Bandini” (1963).
• His breakthrough came with “Phool Aur Patthar” (1966), establishing him as a romantic and action hero.
• His major films include “Sholay” (1975) in which he played Veeru, “Chupke Chupke” (1975), and “Dharam Veer” (1977).
• During the 1990s–2010s, he appeared in supporting and character roles in films like “Tell Me O Kkhuda” (2011) and the “Yamla Pagla Deewana” series (2011–2013).
• Besides acting, he also worked as a film producer and served as a Lok Sabha MP (2004–2009).

Awards & Honors :

• Awards he received include the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award (1997) and the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Kalakar Awards (1999).
• He was also honoured with the Dadasaheb Phalke International Film Festival (DPIFF) Award (2021).
• He was honoured with the Padma Bhushan (2012), India’s third-highest civilian award, for his contribution to Art and Indian cinema.

Daily CA One- Liner: November 27

• The Delhi Government has approved in principle the plan to increase revenue districts from 11 to 13, aiming to decentralise governance and make public services more accessible
• India Ratings and Research (Ind-Ra) raised India’s FY26 GDP growth projection to 7%, up from 3% projected in July 2025.
• IDFC FIRST Bank signed an Memorandum of Understanding(MoU) with FPSB India, the Indian subsidiary of Financial Planning Standards Board Limited., as an Approved Corporate Partner (ACP) to strengthen financial planning standards and upskill banking teams.
• The 10th Session of the India–Slovenia Joint Committee on Trade and Economic Cooperation (JCTEC) was held in New Delhi, co-chaired by Shri Saket Kumar, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, India, and Peter Japelj, Director General for Economic, Cultural and Scientific Diplomacy, Slovenia.
• The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO),UN specialised agency released the report ‘State of Food and Agriculture (SOFA) 2025’ in Rome, highlighting that 7 billion people live in regions with declining crop yields due to human-induced land degradation.
• The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) headed by Prime Minister (PM( Narendra Modi approved the re-appointment of Justice Ashok Bhushan as Chairman of the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT).
• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) signed a USD 1 billion (approx. 8,800 crore) agreement with General Electric (GE), United States of America (USA), for 113 F404-GE-IN20 (General Electric F404 Turbofan Engine, Indian Variant 20) jet engines to power 97 LCA Tejas Mk-1A aircraft for the Indian Air Force (IAF).
• The World Health Organization (WHO) declared Indonesia free from Type-2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) after no polio cases reported since June 2024 in children or the environment.
• Researchers from Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bengaluru (Karnataka) and the Litin Community Conservation Society documented six butterfly species previously unrecorded in India from the Simong Community Forest in Upper Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh.
• Dharmendra Kewal Krishan Deol, popularly known as Dharmendra, passed away on 24 November 2025 at the age of 89 in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• In a historic step, the Punjab Legislative Assembly passed a resolution declaring Anandpur Sahib (Rupnagar district), Talwandi Sabo (Bathinda district) and the Galiara surrounding the Golden Temple (Amritsar) as holy cities of Punjab.
• The Vice-President of India, C. P. Radhakrishnan, was briefed by Union Minister of Tribal Affairs Jual Oram and senior officials at Parliament House on the Ministry’s major programmes for empowering tribal communities
• The National Commission for Women (NCW) has launched a new 24×7 national short-code helpline number: 14490, offering women across India quick and easy access to support during emergencies involving violence, harassment, or threats
• Union Minister of New and Renewable Energy Pralhad Joshi inaugurated a biomass pellet plant and laid the foundation stone for a bio-ethanol plant in Rewari, Haryana, advancing India’s goals under Net Zero 2070 and the E20 Mission
• Velamala Simmanna, noted Telugu writer and Former Head of the Department of Telugu, Andhra University, has been selected for the Lok Nayak Foundation (LNF) Literary Award 2025
• At the International Emmy Awards 2025 held in New York City, the Indian film Amar Singh Chamkila, directed by Imtiaz Ali and featuring Diljit Dosanjh, received nominations in two major categories—Best Television Movie/Mini-Series and Best Performance by an Actor
• Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and Safran Electronics and Defence (SED), France, have signed a Joint Venture Cooperation Agreement (JVCA) in New Delhi to locally manufacture the HAMMER – Highly Agile Modular Munition Extended Range precision-guided air-to-ground weapon
• The Indian Institute of Management Ranchi (IIM Ranchi) has achieved two major global recognitions — international accreditation from the Association of MBAs (AMBA) and the 4 Palmes of Excellence in the Eduniversal Best Business Schools Ranking 2025, placing it among globally influential management institutions
• New Delhi continues to be the world’s most polluted capital city, according to the Central Pollution Control Board and IQAir Live Air Quality Index Plus Rankings
• India’s Lakshya Sen (World No. 14) clinched the 2025 Australian Open Super 500 title in Sydney after defeating Yushi Tanaka of Japan in straight games 21-15, 21-11, securing his first title of 2025 and the third Super 500 title of his career
• The 5th Khelo India University Games (KIUG) were inaugurated at Sawai Mansingh Stadium, Jaipur, showcasing a grand blend of India’s youth sporting talent and Rajasthan’s cultural heritage
• Italy clinched its fourth Davis Cup title by defeating Spain 2–0 in the final, marking a historic hat-trick of championships with consecutive wins in 2023, 2024, and 2025
• India has officially joined the WorldSkills Asia Competition for the first time, with the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship flagging off a 23-member Indian contingent to compete in Chinese Taipei from 27 November 2025