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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Reserve Bank of India Issues Digital Payments E-Mandate Framework 2026, Consolidates Rules for Recurring Transactions

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued the Digital Payments: E-mandate Framework, 2026, consolidating all guidelines related to recurring digital payments into a single master framework.

Key Highlights :

• The framework applies to payment system providers and participants for both domestic and cross-border recurring transactions.
• It covers recurring payments made through cards, prepaid payment instruments (PPIs), and Unified Payments Interface (UPI).
• Customers opting for e-mandates must complete a one-time registration with Additional Factor of Authentication (AFA) for validation.
• Issuers must clearly define the validity period of each e-mandate and allow customers to modify or cancel mandates anytime, subject to authentication.
• The first transaction under every e-mandate must be authenticated, and combined authentication is allowed if registration and payment happen together.
• To ensure transparency, issuers must send pre-transaction alerts at least 24 hours before debit.
• Mandatory notification details include merchant name, transaction amount, date and time, reference number, and reason for debit.
• RBI retained the ₹15,000 per transaction threshold, below which recurring payments do not require additional authentication.
• Transactions above ₹15,000 will require AFA authentication.
• Certain high-value recurring payments up to ₹1 lakh per transaction are exempt from additional authentication in specific categories such as insurance premiums, mutual fund subscriptions, and credit card bill payments.
• RBI has mandated that no charges shall be levied on customers for using the e-mandate facility.
• Issuers must establish a strong grievance redressal and dispute resolution mechanism for handling complaints related to recurring transactions.
• The framework strengthens customer protection, payment transparency, and digital payment security in India’s growing digital payments ecosystem.

Securities and Exchange Board of India Amends Alternative Investment Fund  Regulations to Boost Social Impact Investing in India

• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has amended the Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) regulations to promote social impact investing in India.
• The minimum investment requirement for Social Impact Funds has been reduced significantly from ₹2 lakh to ₹1,000, enabling greater retail investor participation.
• This reform aligns with improvements in the Social Stock Exchange (SSE) framework, aimed at enhancing accessibility and financial inclusion.
• SEBI has allowed Social Impact Funds under AIF regulations to be treated as “non-operative funds” during specified periods, subject to regulatory conditions.
• The minimum subscription requirement for Zero Coupon Zero Principal (ZCZP) instruments has been reduced from 75% to 50%, improving fundraising flexibility.
• These regulatory changes aim to establish a clear, predictable, and efficient investment framework for both entry and exit of investors.

About SEBI :

• Established : 12 April 1988 as an executive body and was given statutory powers on 30 January 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992
• Headquarters : Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Chairman : Tuhin Kanta Pandey
• SEBI is the regulatory body for securities and commodity markets in India under the ownership of the Ministry of Finance (MoF), GoI.

Health Insurance Coverage in India Rises Over 8 Years, Rural Penetration Overtakes Urban Areas: Survey

• According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) (April 2026 data), health insurance coverage in India has expanded significantly over the past eight years.
• As of 2025, rural health insurance coverage (47.4%) has surpassed urban coverage (44.3%), largely driven by government schemes.
• In rural areas, people covered under at least one health insurance scheme increased from 14.1% (2017–18) to 47.4% (2025).
• In urban areas, coverage rose from 19.1% (2017–18) to 44.3% (2025).
• Government-sponsored health schemes accounted for the majority of enrolments in rural India, covering 45.5% of the population in 2025, up from 12.9% in 2017–18.
• In urban regions, government schemes covered 31.8% of the population, compared to 8.9% earlier, as per the 80th round of NSS Health Survey.
• The average out-of-pocket expenditure per hospitalisation case (excluding childbirth) stood at ₹34,064 in 2025.
• Rural households spent an average of ₹31,484 per hospitalisation, while urban households spent ₹38,688, indicating higher urban healthcare costs.

India and Bhutan Convene 7th Joint Group of Customs Meeting in Munnar, Keralam

• The 7th Joint Group of Customs (JGC) Meeting between India and Bhutan was held in Munnar, Kerala.
• The meeting was co-chaired by Yogendra Garg (Special Secretary and Member, CBIC) and Sonam Jamtsho (Director General, Department of Revenue and Customs, Bhutan).
• India is Bhutan’s largest trading partner, accounting for nearly 80% of Bhutan’s total trade.
• Bilateral trade between India and Bhutan exceeded USD 1.9 billion in FY 2024–25, registering a growth of over 46% compared to the previous year.
• The JGC Meeting serves as an institutional platform for customs cooperation, trade facilitation, and border management.
• Due to Bhutan’s landlocked geography, trade through land customs stations is highly significant.
• There are currently 10 notified land customs stations along the India–Bhutan border.
• These border customs stations are located in West Bengal (6) and Assam (4).
• Key discussion areas included Coordinated Border Management (CBM) and a proposed MoU on pre-arrival exchange of customs data.
• Both sides also discussed strengthening anti-smuggling mechanisms through intelligence sharing and enforcement cooperation, notably touching upon Operation Numkhor.
• Other focus areas included digitisation of customs processes and transit cargo facilitation under the Electronic Cargo Tracking System (ECTS).
• The meeting reviewed issues related to border infrastructure improvement, trade facilitation, and harmonisation of customs procedures.
• The Bhutanese delegation also visited Kochi Port for exposure to import-export operations and container handling systems.

United Nations Report Projects India’s Economy to Expand 6.4% in Calendar Year 2026 and 6.6% in CY27

• The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) released its report titled “Economic and Social Survey of Asia and Pacific 2026: Socioeconomic Prosperity Amid the Transition to an Environmentally Sustainable Economy.”
• The report projected India’s economy to grow by 6.4% in Calendar Year 2026 (CY26) and 6.6% in CY27.
• According to the survey, the South and South-West Asia region recorded 5.4% growth in CY25, compared to 5.2% in CY24.
• The higher regional growth was mainly attributed to robust economic performance of India.
• The report estimated India’s inflation at 4.4% in CY26 and 4.3% in CY27.
• In Greenfield Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), India attracted USD 50 billion, ranking among the top destinations in the first three quarters of CY26.
• Other leading countries for greenfield FDI were Australia (USD 30 billion), Republic of Korea (USD 25 billion), and Kazakhstan (USD 21 billion).
• The survey noted that nearly 40% of remittances in India and the Philippines are used for essential household spending, including medical expenses.
• India was identified as the world’s largest remittance recipient in 2024.
• The report warned that India could face a significant remittance loss due to the United States of America imposing a 1% tax on all remittances from January 2026.

Income Tax Department Outreach Programme Highlights Key Provisions of the New Income Tax Act, 2025

• The Commissioner of Income Tax (Exemptions), Delhi organised an outreach programme in New Delhi to promote financial literacy and awareness about the newly introduced Income Tax Act, 2025.
• The programme specifically focused on provisions related to educational institutions and charitable trusts.
• More than 80 schools from the Delhi–NCR region participated in the event, along with trustees and institutional functionaries.
• The programme was attended by Pallavi Agarwal, Principal Chief Commissioner of Income Tax (Exemptions).
• She highlighted that the Income Tax Act, 2025 aims to simplify procedures, reduce ambiguities, and enhance transparency.
• The new law promotes streamlined and technology-driven processes aligned with the Government’s vision of “Viksit Bharat 2047”.
• To encourage student participation, an inter-school quiz competition titled “Tax Your Brain – Income Tax Quiz” was organised.
• The quiz was conducted for students of Classes IX to XII across multiple competitive rounds.
• Winning teams were honoured with awards and Certificates of Merit.
• All participants were appreciated for their enthusiasm and knowledge of taxation concepts.
• The initiative reflects the Income Tax Department’s commitment to stakeholder engagement, tax reform awareness, and taxpayer-friendly administration.
• The programme also promoted the principle of “Saral Kanun Shashakt Bharat” (Simple Laws, Empowered India).

State Bank of India Aims to Expand Balance Sheet to 25% of India’s Gross Domestic Product by 2030

• State Bank of India (SBI), India’s largest Public Sector Bank (PSB), aims to expand its balance sheet to 25% of India’s GDP by 2030, up from the current 20%.
• SBI is adopting a bottom-up growth strategy, targeting a 1% increase in market share across all 800 districts, with each district treated as a separate growth unit.
• As of December 2025, SBI’s balance sheet size stood at ₹71.62 lakh crore.
• SBI’s total business volume reached ₹103.29 lakh crore, including ₹57.01 lakh crore deposits and ₹46.28 lakh crore advances.
• The bank holds a market share of around 22% in deposits and 20% in advances (loans).
• SBI plans to improve its global standing and aims to rank among the top 10 global banks by market capitalization, up from its current 27th position.
• The bank is focusing on the “ABCD strategy”, where all branches contribute actively to deposit mobilisation.
• SBI plans to activate at least 25% of unclaimed deposits worth ₹19,500 crore.
• It is targeting new customer segments including Gen Z, young professionals, and the emerging affluent class.
• SBI will deploy “Seva Sarathis” (service guides) in 10,000 high-footfall branches to improve customer service.
• The bank is also identifying white spaces to expand its branch network footprint across India.
• SBI currently serves around 53 crore customers, meaning every third Indian is an SBI customer.
• It operates through 23,125 domestic branches/offices and 244 foreign branches/offices

Recent News :

• In April 2026, State Bank of India (SBI), India’s largest Public Sector Bank (PSB), released its latest SBI Research Report on India’s economic outlook.

About State Bank of India (SBI):

• Founded Year: 1955
• Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
• Chairman: Challa Sreenivasulu Setty
• Slogan: "The Banker to Every Indian"

 CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

India’s First 3D Semiconductor Packaging Unit to be Set Up in Odisha

• The foundation stone for India’s first advanced 3D semiconductor packaging unit was laid in Odisha at Info Valley, marking a major step towards self-reliance in high-end electronics manufacturing.
• The project is being developed by 3D Glass Solutions through its Indian arm Heterogeneous Integrated Packaging Systems Private Limited (HIPSPL) and will introduce 3D Heterogeneous Integration (3DHI) packaging technology in India for the first time.
• The foundation stone was laid in the presence of Mohan Charan Majhi, Chief Minister of Odisha, and Ashwini Vaishnaw, Union Minister.
• The project involves an investment of around ₹1,943 crore (approximately ₹2,000 crore) with support from both Central and State Governments.
• Once operational, the facility is expected to:
• Produce around 70,000 glass panels annually
• Manufacture 50 million assembled units
• Deliver nearly 13,000 advanced 3DHI modules
• Commercial production is expected to begin by August 2028, with full-scale production targeted by 2030.
• The unit will strengthen India’s position in the global semiconductor value chain, reduce import dependence, and support sectors such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Fifth Generation (5G) telecommunications, defence electronics, and high-performance computing.
• Odisha is emerging as a semiconductor and Information Technology hub and is the only state in India set to host both a compound semiconductor fabrication unit and a 3D glass substrate packaging facility, positioning it as a key centre for advanced electronics manufacturing.
• The project aligns with the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative, aiming to build a robust domestic semiconductor ecosystem, enhance strategic autonomy, and support India’s growth as a major electronics manufacturing hub, where it has already become the second-largest mobile phone manufacturer globally.

RECENT NEWS

• Kusunpur village in Kendrapada district of the Odisha is set to become the first smart village of the Odisha. This initiative has been launched by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) under the Ministry of Science and Technology. 

About Odisha:

• Chief Minister: Mohan Charan Majhi
• Governor: Hari Babu Kambhampati
• Capital: Bhubaneswar
• National Parks: Simlipal National Park, Bhitarkanika National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary, Nandankanan Zoological Park, Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary, Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Kotagarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Lakhari Valley Wildlife Sanctuary, Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary

Union Cabinet Approves Extension of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana–III till March 2028

• The Union Cabinet, chaired by Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India, approved the extension of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana–III (PMGSY–III) till March 2028 to strengthen rural connectivity by upgrading road infrastructure and linking villages to markets, schools, and healthcare facilities.
• The total outlay of the scheme has been increased from ₹80,250 crore to ₹83,977 crore.
• Under the revised implementation timeline:
• Roads and bridges in plain and hilly areas will be completed by March 2028
• Bridges in hilly regions will be completed by March 2029
• Earlier sanctioned but unawarded projects will be retaken up for tender allotment, ensuring completion of pending infrastructure works.
• PMGSY–III focuses on upgrading through-routes and major rural links, which are essential for connecting villages with Gramin Agricultural Markets (GrAMs), Higher Secondary Schools, and nearby hospitals, thereby improving access to essential services and economic opportunities.
• Improved road connectivity under the scheme will facilitate smoother movement of agricultural and non-farm goods, reduce transportation costs, reduce travel time, and improve supply chain efficiency in rural areas, leading to higher incomes for rural households and supporting local economic growth.
• The extension of PMGSY–III aligns with the Viksit Bharat 2047 vision, which aims to transform India into a developed nation by strengthening rural infrastructure, promoting balanced regional development, improving quality of life, and ensuring sustainable economic progress.

Government Proposes 25 Kilometre Minimum Distance Between Sugar Mills under Draft Sugarcane Control Order 2026

• The Government of India proposed increasing the minimum distance between new sugar mills from 15 kilometres to 25 kilometres under the Draft Sugarcane Control Order 2026 to ensure balanced development in the sugar sector.
• The proposal aims to prevent clustering of sugar mills, ensure equitable access to sugarcane resources, and protect farmers’ interests.
• As per the draft norms, no new sugar factory can be established within a 25 kilometre radius of an existing or proposed mill, replacing the earlier 15 kilometre limit.
• State Governments may further increase the minimum distance based on regional requirements with approval from the Central Government.
• The draft policy introduces stricter norms for capacity expansion of existing sugar mills, including assessment of sugarcane availability, cultivable area, average yield, operational days of mills, and impact on neighbouring units.
• India’s sugar consumption for Financial Year 2025–26 is estimated at around 280 lakh tonnes, reflecting a slight decline compared to previous years due to changing consumption patterns.
• The policy responds to increasing consumer preference for healthier alternatives such as jaggery, which has influenced demand trends in the sugar sector.
• The Government has brought Khandsari units with capacity above 500 tonnes per day under regulatory oversight, requiring compliance with farmer payment norms and reporting obligations similar to sugar mills.
• India has more than 370 Khandsari units, including around 66 large units covered under the revised regulatory framework.
• The proposed reforms aim to align production capacity with demand trends, ensure fair competition, and promote transparency across the sugar industry.

Shekha Jheel Bird Sanctuary Declared India’s 99th Ramsar Site

• Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change Bhupender Yadav announced the inclusion of Shekha Jheel Bird Sanctuary as India’s 99th Ramsar Site.
• The wetland is located in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, taking the state’s total to 12 Ramsar Sites.
• The recognition is granted under the Ramsar Convention, which focuses on the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands of international importance.
• With this addition, India’s total Ramsar Sites increased to 99, moving closer to the milestone of 100 sites.
• Shekha Jheel is an important wetland ecosystem that supports migratory birds and diverse aquatic life.
• It lies along the Central Asian Flyway, a key migratory route for birds between northern breeding and southern wintering regions.
• Notable species found in the sanctuary include Bar-headed Goose and Painted Stork, along with several species of ducks and waterfowl.
• The Ramsar designation supports biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, and water security.
• It also promotes eco-tourism, local employment generation, and community participation in conservation efforts.
• A Ramsar Site is a wetland recognised under the Ramsar Convention (1971) for its ecological significance, including roles in habitat protection, groundwater recharge, flood control, and climate regulation.
• India now has 99 Ramsar Sites across 28 States and Union Territories, strengthening its commitment to wetland conservation.

About Uttar Pradesh:

• Chief Minister: Yogi Adityanath
• Governor: Anandiben Patel
• Capital: Lucknow
• National Parks: Dudhwa National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Kaimoor Wildlife Sanctuary, Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary (Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Bird Sanctuary), Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary, Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary, Chandraprabha Wildlife Sanctuary, Mahavir Swami Wildlife Sanctuary, Ranipur Wildlife

RECENT NEWS

• The World Bank and the Government of India and the state Government of Uttar Pradesh have signed a agreement to improve air quality across the state. This initiative is known as the Uttar Pradesh Clean Air Management Program.

India’s Seafood Exports Reach Record ₹72,325.82 Crore in Financial Year 2025–26

• India’s seafood exports reached an all-time high of ₹72,325.82 crore in the Financial Year 2025–26, according to the Marine Products Export Development Authority.
• Export volume increased to 19.32 lakh metric tonnes, reflecting strong global demand for Indian marine products.
• Despite challenges in traditional markets such as the United States, India expanded exports to alternative destinations including China, the European Union, and Southeast Asia.
• Frozen shrimp remained the largest contributor to marine exports, accounting for ₹47,973.13 crore, with 4.6 percent growth in volume and 6.35 percent growth in value.
• The United States remained the top export destination, importing seafood worth United States Dollar 2.32 billion, though exports declined due to reciprocal tariff measures, leading to a 19.8 percent fall in volume and 14.5 percent decline in shrimp export value.
• Exports to alternative markets recorded significant growth:
• China: 22.7 percent increase in value and 20.1 percent increase in volume
• European Union: 37.9 percent growth in value and 35.2 percent growth in volume
• Southeast Asia: 36.1 percent growth in value and 28.2 percent increase in volume
• Japan: 6.55 percent growth in export value
• Exports to West Asia witnessed a slight decline due to regional instability.
• Other marine products such as frozen fish, squid, cuttlefish, dried seafood, live products, surimi, fishmeal, and fish oil also recorded positive export growth.
• The top five ports contributing nearly 64 percent of total seafood export value were Visakhapatnam Port, Jawaharlal Nehru Port, Kochi Port, Kolkata Port, and Chennai Port.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS

Goldman Environmental Prize 2026 Awarded to First All-Women Cohort

• The Goldman Environmental Prize 2026 was awarded to six women environmental leaders, marking the first all-women cohort since the award’s inception.
• Known as the “Green Nobel Prize”, the award recognises grassroots environmental activists from six global regions for contributions to environmental protection and climate action.
• The prize was established in 1989 by philanthropists Richard Goldman and Rhoda Goldman.
• Each recipient receives a United States Dollar 200,000 award for contributions to biodiversity conservation, climate justice, and environmental protection.

Winners of Goldman Environmental Prize 2026

• Yuvelis Morales Blanco opposed hydraulic fracturing projects in Colombia to protect ecosystems and local communities.
• Borim Kim led a youth climate litigation case that strengthened climate accountability in the Republic of Korea.
• Sarah Finch contributed to a landmark legal decision requiring authorities to consider climate impacts before approving oil extraction projects in the United Kingdom.
• Iroro Tanshi rediscovered an endangered bat species and worked to protect its habitat from environmental threats.
• Theonila Roka Matbob led efforts to hold a mining company accountable for environmental damage in Papua New Guinea.
• Alannah Acaq Hurley helped prevent a major mining project affecting ecosystems in Alaska.
• The 2026 edition highlights the growing role of women in environmental leadership, the strength of grassroots movements, and the importance of legal and community-driven climate action globally.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Apple Appoints John Ternus as Incoming Chief Executive Officer as Tim Cook Steps Down

• Apple Inc. officially announced that John Ternus will become the new Chief Executive Officer (CEO) effective 1 September 2026.
• He will succeed Tim Cook, who will step down as CEO and continue as Executive Chairman.
• As Executive Chairman, Tim Cook will oversee policy matters, engage with policymakers, and guide the long-term strategic direction of Apple.
• Prior to this appointment, John Ternus served as Senior Vice President of Hardware Engineering at Apple.
• Before joining Apple, he worked at Virtual Research Systems, contributing to early virtual reality headset
• His early VR experience later influenced Apple’s advanced products such as Apple Vision Pro.
• John Ternus joined Apple in 2001 and has played a major role in the company’s hardware innovations for 25 years.
• He led the design of the first Apple iPad launched in 2010 and was instrumental in the introduction of AirPods.
• In 2013, he became Vice President, overseeing several major Apple product lines including iPhone, Mac, and Apple Watch.
• He was instrumental in driving Apple’s transition to Apple Silicon, replacing Intel chips with in-house processors.
• In 2021, he was promoted to Senior Vice President, directly reporting to Tim Cook.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

Ministry of Defence Signs ₹975 Crore Deal for TRAWL System to Boost Indian Army’s Minefield Breaching Capability under Aatmanirbhar Bharat

• The Ministry of Defence signed contracts with Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML) and Electro Pneumatics and Hydraulics (India) Private Limited for procurement of TRAWL Assembly for T-72/T-90 Tanks worth approximately ₹975 crore.
• The contracts were signed in the presence of Defence Secretary Shri Rajesh Kumar Singh in New Delhi on 21 April 2026.
• The TRAWL Assembly is a critical system developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
• It will significantly enhance the minefield breaching capability of the Indian Army.
• The system enables creation of Vehicle Safe Lanes through anti-tank minefields with proximity magnetic fuses, improving operational effectiveness.
• The procurement is under the Buy (Indian–Indigenously Designed, Developed and Manufactured)
• The project supports the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat by promoting indigenous defence manufacturing.
• It is expected to generate significant direct and indirect employment, especially in the MSME sector through component manufacturing.
• The initiative contributes to the broader goal of modernising India’s defence infrastructure and strengthening self-reliance in defence production.
• Earlier defence procurements under similar categories include contracts for Advanced Light Helicopters (ALH Mk-II) for the Indian Coast Guard and Shtil surface-to-air missiles for the Indian Navy.
• Another major contract included the acquisition of Dornier 228 Aircraft from Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
• These initiatives reinforce India’s commitment to Make in India and strengthen maritime security capabilities.

About Ministry of Defence:

• Cabinet Minister: Rajnath Singh
• Minister of State (MoS): Sanjay Seth

INS Nireekshak Reaches Colombo, Sri Lanka for Participation in IN-SLN DIVEX 2026

• INS Nireekshak, the Diving Support and Submarine Rescue Vessel of the Indian Navy, arrived at Colombo,Sri Lanka.
• The visit was for participation in the 4th edition of IN-SLN DIVEX 2026, a bilateral diving exercise scheduled from 21–27 April 2026.
• IN-SLN DIVEX is a joint exercise between the Indian Navy and the Sri Lanka Navy.
• The exercise includes specialised diving operations, training drills, and exchange of best practices.
• Its key objective is to enhance interoperability, operational cohesion, and professional cooperation between the two navies.
• On arrival, INS Nireekshak received a ceremonial welcome by the Sri Lanka Navy with the Naval Band.
• The Commanding Officer, Sailesh Tyagi, called on SJ Kumara, Flag Officer Commanding, Western Naval Area.
• Both officers held discussions on matters of mutual maritime interest.
• The visit also includes social interactions, sports events, and joint yoga sessions to strengthen friendship and camaraderie.
• As part of India’s humanitarian outreach, the ship will hand over two BHISM cubes under the Aarogya Maitri initiative.
• BHISM stands for Bharat Health Initiative for Sahyog Hita & Maitri.
• These portable medical units can handle up to 200 emergency cases and are equipped with essential medicines and surgical tools.
• India will also provide 50,000 rounds of 9 mm ammunition to the Sri Lanka Navy to enhance maritime security cooperation.
• The exercise reflects the strong India–Sri Lanka maritime partnership and shared interests in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
• It aligns with India’s MAHASAGAR vision, which stands for Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Ministry of Home Affairs Receives Indigenous Satellite Imaging System ‘Prajna’ for Real-Time Security Assistance

• The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) received the indigenously developed satellite imaging system ‘Prajna’ to strengthen real-time decision support for security agencies.
• The handover ceremony was held at Kartavya Bhawan-3 in New Delhi.
• Samir V. Kamat, Secretary of the Department of Defence Research and Development (DDR&D), formally handed over the system to Govind Mohan, Secretary of MHA.
• Prajna is an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled system developed by Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR), a laboratory of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
• The system is expected to play a major role in monitoring sensitive regions, tracking suspicious activities, and improving counter-terrorism and border management operations.
• Prajna will enhance India’s internal security architecture through advanced satellite-based surveillance
• Separately, DRDO and the Indian Navy successfully conducted four in-flight release trials of the indigenous ADC-150 from the P-8I aircraft off the coast of Goa between 21 February and 1 March.
• The ADC-150 is designed to deliver a 150 kg payload such as critical stores, equipment, and medical assistance to naval ships in distress at sea.
• The system improves naval operational logistics and quick response support for vessels deployed far from the coast.
• Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL) was the nodal laboratory for the ADC-150 project.
• Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment (ADRDE) developed the parachute system, while Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC) provided flight clearance.
• Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL) supported the project with instrumentation assistance.
• After successful trials, the ADC-150 is expected to be inducted into the Indian Navy
• DRDO is India’s premier defence research agency focused on military strength and self-reliance in defence technology.

About Ministry of Home Affairs :

• Cabinet Minister : Amit Shah
• Minister of State : Nityanand Rai, Bandi Sanjay Kumar

Observer Research Foundation and Research and Information System Organise Inaugural BRICS Academic Forum in New Delhi

• Observer Research Foundation in partnership with Research and Information System for Developing Countries hosted the inaugural BRICS Academic Forum in New Delhi.
• The event marked an important Track II initiative under India’s BRICS Chairship 2026.
• BRICS stands for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
• The main objective of the forum was to enhance policy dialogue, research collaboration, and global cooperation among BRICS nations.
• The forum aims to generate policy recommendations for leaders ahead of the 18th BRICS Summit under India’s Chairship.
• The theme of India’s BRICS Chairship 2026 is “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability.”
• Discussions at the forum were structured around four pillars: Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation, and Sustainability.
• These pillars are aligned with India’s BRICS priorities for 2026.
• Key focus areas included global economic cooperation, governance reforms, supply chains, food security, sustainable development, and technology collaboration.
• The forum will produce research papers, expert inputs, and recommendations for BRICS Sherpas to support summit-level discussions.
• It functions as an advisory platform for policy formulation, diplomacy, and summit preparation.
• The roadmap includes participation from 13 international speakers and multiple meetings in India and abroad.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS AND AGREEMENT

India–Republic of Korea Elevate Ties to Futuristic Partnership during State Visit of Lee Jae-myung

• During the State Visit of Lee Jae-myung to India, both countries elevated bilateral relations to a Futuristic Partnership and announced 25 key outcomes after talks with Prime Minister Narendra Modi at Hyderabad House.
• The two countries adopted a Joint Strategic Vision to strengthen the Republic of Korea–India Special Strategic Partnership, focusing on shipbuilding, maritime logistics, sustainability, and energy security.
• Several Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) were signed covering cooperation in:
• Ports and maritime infrastructure
• Steel and supply chain resilience
• Small and medium enterprises
• Science, technology and innovation
• Climate action and sustainability
• Cultural and creative industries
• The India–Korea Digital Bridge Initiative was launched to enhance collaboration in artificial intelligence, semiconductors, and information technology sectors.
• Both countries set a target to increase bilateral trade from United States Dollar 27 billion to United States Dollar 50 billion by 2030.
• To support this target, both sides agreed to:
• Resume negotiations to upgrade the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement
• Establish an India–Korea Financial Forum
• Promote the development of a Korean Industrial Township in India
• A new Economic Security Dialogue was launched to strengthen cooperation in critical technologies and resilient supply chains.
• The Republic of Korea joined India-led initiatives such as the International Solar Alliance and the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative, while India joined the Global Green Growth Institute.
• A Cultural Exchange Programme (2026–2030) was launched to promote cooperation in tourism, education, sports, and creative industries.
• Both countries announced that 2028–29 will be celebrated as the Year of India–Republic of Korea Friendship to strengthen people-to-people ties.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

International Shooting Sport Federation Junior World Cup 2026 Begins in Cairo, Egypt

• The ISSF Junior World Cup 2026 (International Shooting Sport Federation Junior World Cup 2026) commenced in Cairo, Egypt, marking the start of the international shooting season for junior athletes.
• The tournament is being organised by the International Shooting Sport Federation at the Egypt International Olympic City.
• Junior shooters from across the world are competing in rifle, pistol, and shotgun disciplines.
• India fielded a 71-member contingent, including 58 athletes, reflecting the country’s strong participation in international junior shooting competitions.
• The opening day events included:
• 25 metre pistol precision stages for men and women
• Skeet events with 75 targets each for men and women
• First medal events in 10 metre Air Rifle Women and 10 metre Air Pistol Men
• In the 10 metre Air Rifle Women category, India’s team was led by Shambhavi Kshirsagar, along with Anushka Thokur, Manyata Singh, Aneesha Sharma, Anvii Rathod, and Panaah Bhugra.
• In the 10 metre Air Pistol Men category, the Indian team was led by Shiva Narwal, along with Abhinav Deshwal, Abhinav Choudhary, Abhay Dhama, Himanshu Rana, and Chirag Sharma.
• Qualification rounds began Indian Standard Time, followed by finals in the 10 metre Air Rifle Women and 10 metre Air Pistol Men events later in the day.

About International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF).

• The governing body of the Olympic shooting events in rifle, pistol, and shotgun disciplines.
• Headquarters: Munich, Germany.
• Establishment: 1907.

Tashkent to Host World Para Athletics Championships 2027

• World Para Athletics announced that Tashkent, Uzbekistan will host the 13th edition of the World Para Athletics Championships in June 2027.
• The championship will be held at the Olympic City Main Stadium, a modern international-standard sports facility in Tashkent.
• This will be the first time Central Asia hosts the World Para Athletics Championships, marking a significant milestone for the region.
• The event is one of the largest global competitions for athletes with disabilities and is conducted under the International Paralympic Committee.
• The championships serve as an important qualification pathway for the Paralympic Games and showcase elite para-athletic talent from across the world.
• Asia previously hosted the championships in Doha (2015), Dubai (2019), Kobe (2024), and New Delhi (2025).
• Tashkent’s selection reflects Uzbekistan’s investment in sports infrastructure and its commitment to promoting inclusive sports and international sporting events.
• Hosting the event is expected to strengthen regional participation in para sports and expand the global reach of the championships.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : OBITUARIES

Padma Shri Honouree and Bundeli Martial Arts Pioneer Bhagwandas Raikwar Passed away

• Bhagwandas Raikwar, famously known as “Dau”, passed away at the age of 83 in Bhopal while undergoing medical treatment.
• He was born on 2 January 1944 in the Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh.
• Bhagwandas Raikwar was regarded as a pioneer and guardian of Bundeli Martial Arts, one of India’s oldest weapon-based war art traditions.
• He earned recognition for preserving the Akhada tradition, an ancient system of traditional wrestling and martial training.
• His expertise included combat skills using traditional weapons such as lathi, talwar, bhala, dhal, and trishul.
• In 1964, he established the Chhatrasal Bundelkhand Akhada in Sagar with his own personal resources.
• He played a major role in bringing national and international recognition to Bundelkhand’s traditional martial heritage.
• The Government of India honoured him for his lifelong dedication to preservation, promotion, and training of indigenous martial arts.
• He was awarded the Padma Shri in 2026, India’s fourth-highest civilian honour, for contributions in Traditional Martial Arts.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

English Language Day Observed on 23 April

• English Language Day is observed annually on 23 April by the United Nations to promote multilingualism and cultural diversity and to recognise the importance of the English language as a global means of communication.
• The date 23 April was chosen to mark the birth anniversary and death anniversary of William Shakespeare (born 23 April 1564, died 23 April 1616), one of the most influential playwrights and poets in the English language.
• The day honours the life, literary contributions, and lasting impact of William Shakespeare on modern English vocabulary and literature.
• Several words introduced or popularised by William Shakespeare include new-fangled, dauntless, lacklustre, multitudinous, and arch-villain.
• English Language Day was established in 2010 by the United Nations Department of Global Communications.
• English is one of the two working languages of the United Nations and also one of its six official languages, which include English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, and Spanish.

World Book and Copyright Day Observed on 23 April

• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) observes World Book and Copyright Day annually on 23 April to promote the importance of reading, publishing, and copyright protection worldwide.
• The day honours authors, books, and the culture of reading, while also recognising the role of copyright laws in protecting the rights of creators.
• The date 23 April was selected by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to pay tribute to renowned literary figures including William Shakespeare, Miguel de Cervantes, and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega.
• The observance was officially established in 1995 during the General Conference of UNESCO to celebrate authors and books worldwide.
• The idea of celebrating a book-related day originated from Dia del Llibre (Day of the Book) in Catalonia, where the tradition of exchanging books is followed every year on 23 April.
• Copyright is a legal concept that provides authors and creators exclusive rights over their original works for a limited period, ensuring protection of intellectual property and encouraging creativity.

Daily CA One- Liner: April 23

• The foundation stone for India’s first advanced 3D semiconductor packaging unit was laid in Odisha at Info Valley, marking a major step towards self-reliance in high-end electronics manufacturing
• The Union Cabinet, chaired by Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India, approved the extension of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana–III (PMGSY–III) till March 2028 to strengthen rural connectivity by upgrading road infrastructure and linking villages to markets, schools, and healthcare facilities
• The Government of India proposed increasing the minimum distance between new sugar mills from 15 kilometres to 25 kilometres under the Draft Sugarcane Control Order 2026 to ensure balanced development in the sugar sector.
• Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change Bhupender Yadav announced the inclusion of Shekha Jheel Bird Sanctuary as India’s 99th Ramsar Site.
• India’s seafood exports reached an all-time high of ₹72,325.82 crore in the Financial Year 2025–26, according to the Marine Products Export Development Authority
• The Goldman Environmental Prize 2026 was awarded to six women environmental leaders, marking the first all-women cohort since the award’s inception
• During the State Visit of Lee Jae-myung to India, both countries elevated bilateral relations to a Futuristic Partnership and announced 25 key outcomes after talks with Prime Minister Narendra Modi at Hyderabad House
• The ISSF Junior World Cup 2026 (International Shooting Sport Federation Junior World Cup 2026) commenced in Cairo, Egypt, marking the start of the international shooting season for junior athletes
• World Para Athletics announced that Tashkent, Uzbekistan will host the 13th edition of the World Para Athletics Championships in June 2027
• English Language Day is observed annually on 23 April by the United Nations to promote multilingualism and cultural diversity and to recognise the importance of the English language as a global means of communication
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) observes World Book and Copyright Day annually on 23 April to promote the importance of reading, publishing, and copyright protection worldwide
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued the Digital Payments: E-mandate Framework, 2026, consolidating all guidelines related to recurring digital payments into a single master framework.
• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has amended the Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) regulations to promote social impact investing in India.
• According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) (April 2026 data), health insurance coverage in India has expanded significantly over the past eight years.
• The 7th Joint Group of Customs (JGC) Meeting between India and Bhutan was held in Munnar, Kerala.
• The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) released its report titled “Economic and Social Survey of Asia and Pacific 2026: Socioeconomic Prosperity Amid the Transition to an Environmentally Sustainable Economy.”
• The Commissioner of Income Tax (Exemptions), Delhi organised an outreach programme in New Delhi to promote financial literacy and awareness about the newly introduced Income Tax Act, 2025.
• State Bank of India (SBI), India’s largest Public Sector Bank (PSB), aims to expand its balance sheet to 25% of India’s GDP by 2030, up from the current 20%.
• Apple Inc. officially announced that John Ternus will become the new Chief Executive Officer (CEO) effective 1 September 2026.
• The Ministry of Defence signed contracts with Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML) and Electro Pneumatics and Hydraulics (India) Private Limited for procurement of TRAWL Assembly for T-72/T-90 Tanks worth approximately ₹975 crore.
• INS Nireekshak, the Diving Support and Submarine Rescue Vessel of the Indian Navy, arrived at Colombo,Sri Lanka.
• The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) received the indigenously developed satellite imaging system ‘Prajna’ to strengthen real-time decision support for security agencies.
• Observer Research Foundation in partnership with Research and Information System for Developing Countries hosted the inaugural BRICS Academic Forum in New Delhi.
• Bhagwandas Raikwar, famously known as “Dau”, passed away at the age of 83 in Bhopal while undergoing medical treatment.