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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Reserve Bank of India Reports Decline in India's Inward Foreign Direct Investment-to-Overseas Direct Investment Ratio to 4.2 Times in FY26 from 5.5 Times

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the provisional results of the 2025–26 round of its annual Census on Foreign Liabilities and Assets (FLA).
• The ratio of India's outstanding inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to Overseas Direct Investment (ODI) moderated to 2 times as of March 2026, compared to 5.5 times in March 2025, indicating a narrowing gap between foreign investments into India and Indian investments overseas.
• The census covers Indian companies, Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs), Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) and partnership firms having inward or outward direct investment.
• The census captures cross-border foreign liabilities and assets under three categories: Direct Investment, Portfolio Investment and Other Investments.
• Other Investments include trade credit, loans, currency and deposits, and other payables and receivables.
• The United States was the largest source of outstanding FDI in India, accounting for 5%, followed by Mauritius (14.5%), Singapore (13.7%) and the United Kingdom (10.8%).
• Singapore, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the United States were the leading destinations for India's ODI, together accounting for more than 50% of total overseas direct investment.
• Around 97% of Indian entities reporting FDI and/or ODI were unlisted entities as of March 2026, and they accounted for a major share of total FDI equity capital at face value.
• Non-financial companies held more than 90% of FDI equity capital at face value.
• In terms of market value, listed and unlisted companies had almost equal shares in total FDI equity capital.
• Unlisted companies accounted for 6% of outstanding FDI debt.
• Other investment liabilities involving unrelated non-resident entities increased by 11.9% year-on-year in rupee terms as of March 2026.
• Other investment assets with unrelated non-residents increased by 16.1% during the same period.
• Sector-wise, Manufacturing accounted for the largest share of outstanding FDI equity capital at market value, with 1%, followed by the Services sector (45%).
• The RBI clarified that changes in the outstanding stock of foreign assets and liabilities may differ from the investment flows recorded in India's Balance of Payments (BoP) statistics because stock values also reflect valuation changes due to price and exchange-rate movements.

Securities and Exchange Board of India Eases Know Your Customer Norms for Non-Resident Indians, Overseas Citizens of India and Foreign Nationals to Invest in Indian Securities Markets

• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) eased Know Your Customer (KYC) requirements for Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) and foreign nationals to facilitate their investment in Indian securities markets.

Key Highlights :

• Under the revised framework, Persons Resident Outside India (PROIs) residing in Financial Action Task Force (FATF)-compliant countries can complete digital KYC from overseas without being physically present in India.
• The revised provisions will come into effect on 3 December 2026 and will also apply to re-KYC of eligible overseas individual clients.
• Individuals residing in FATF non-compliant countries will continue to follow the existing KYC process.
• The revised framework aims to simplify overseas investor onboarding, reduce procedural hurdles and duplicate documentation, and improve access to Indian equity and securities markets.
• KYC Registration Agencies (KRAs) will mark individual attributes in KYC records as validated when verified against official or source databases.
• KYC records will be portable and can be shared with other market intermediaries, even if every individual attribute has not been validated.
• SEBI has permitted intermediaries to rely on KYC completed by another SEBI-registered intermediary or an entity regulated by another financial sector regulator, using records obtained from KRAs or the Central KYC Records Registry (CKYCRR).
• Intermediaries must first obtain the investor's Permanent Account Number (PAN) and Central KYC ID, if available, and retrieve existing records from KRAs and CKYCRR before requesting additional documents.
• Additional KYC information will be collected only when existing records are incomplete, outdated, inconsistent with regulatory requirements or require enhanced due diligence.
• For identity verification, intermediaries must collect a copy of the investor's passport and, wherever applicable, the OCI card.
• The revised framework prescribes verification requirements for PAN, passport, OCI card, overseas address, specimen signature, mobile number and email ID.
• Documents can be verified through DigiLocker, Aadhaar-based e-KYC, verifiable electronic documents issued by relevant authorities or copies attested by authorised certifying authorities.
• Foreign nationals whose officially valid documents do not contain address details can submit government-issued documents from their foreign jurisdiction or a letter from a foreign embassy or mission in India as address proof.
• Video In-Person Verification (VIPV) must be conducted in the presence of an authorised official of the intermediary and will be subject to concurrent audit.
• The relaxation does not dilute KYC safeguards, as intermediaries must continue to verify the client's identity and address and understand the purpose and intended nature of the business relationship.

About SEBI :

• Established : 12 April 1988 as an executive body and was given statutory powers on 30 January 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992
• Headquarters : Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Chairman : Tuhin Kanta Pandey
• SEBI is the regulatory body for securities and commodity markets in India under the ownership of the Ministry of Finance (MoF), GoI.

Angel One Surpasses Zerodha to Become India’s Second-Largest Stockbroker with Nearly 15% Market Share

• According to National Stock Exchange (NSE) data, Angel One overtook Zerodha to become India’s second-largest stockbroker by active clients in October 2026, with a market share of nearly 15%, compared to Zerodha’s 5%.
• Groww retained its position as India’s largest broking platform, with a market share of 43% in October 2026, up from 29.16% in September.
• Angel One added 43 lakh active clients in October, taking its total active client base to 69.99 lakh.
• Zerodha lost approximately 33,000 active clients, reducing its active client base to 59 lakh.
• India’s broking industry added approximately 15 lakh net active clients in October, taking the total active client base on the NSE to 4.67 crore.
• Groww added 04 lakh active clients during October, accounting for nearly 49.5% of the industry’s net additions.
• Groww’s active client base increased from 34 crore in September to 1.38 crore in October 2026.
• Groww’s net additions were approximately 5 times the combined additions of the next four largest brokers — Angel One, Zerodha, ICICI Securities and Upstox — which collectively added around 2.02 lakh clients.
• ICICI Securities retained the fourth position, adding around 3,000 active clients to reach 64 lakh.
• Upstox recorded a decline of approximately 11,000 active clients, taking its total client base to 43 lakh.
• Among other brokers, Sahi added 34,372 active clients, while Dhan added approximately 26,000 clients in October.
• Kotak Securities, Motilal Oswal and HDFC Securities added approximately 13,000, 7,000 and 6,000 active clients, respectively, during October 2026.

Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister-State Bank of India Research Paper Reports 29.7% Growth in Schools Offering Education Up to Class XII in India

• A working paper by the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) reported that the number of reported schools in India declined by 5.4% between 2018-19 and 2025-26, from 51 lakh to 14.67 lakh.
• The paper was authored by Soumya Kanti Ghosh (Member of EAC-PM and 16th Finance Commission, and Group Chief Economic Advisor at SBI) and Shashidharan Sharma, an economist at SBI.
• The decline in reported school numbers does not necessarily indicate school closures, as changes in school codes may result from mergers, upgradation, changes in management or corrections in government records.
• The number of primary-only schools declined by 12.6%, from 27 lakh to 7.22 lakh between 2018-19 and 2025-26.
• Schools offering education up to Class XII increased by 29.7%, from 30 lakh to 1.69 lakh during the same period.
• The number of teachers increased from 16 lakh to 1.03 crore between 2018-19 and 2025-26.
• School infrastructure improved, with electricity availability increasing from 7% to 95%, computer availability from 34.5% to 69.9%, and internet access from 18.7% to 67.4%.
• The paper clarified that infrastructure figures indicate the availability of facilities, not necessarily their actual functionality or regular usage.
• India's Total Fertility Rate (TFR) declined from 1 in 2019 to 1.9 in 2024, reflecting changing demographic patterns and potentially reducing demand for primary schools.
• India's population of children aged 5–9 years is projected to decline from 53 crore in 2011 to 11.27 crore in 2026 and 10.02 crore in 2036.
• Between 2012-13 and 2021-22, enrolment in rural schools declined by approximately 78 lakh, while enrolment in urban schools increased by around 93 lakh.
• The share of students enrolled in private unaided schools increased from 9% to 32.2%, while the share in government schools declined from 58.4% to 54.9% between 2012-13 and 2021-22.
• The paper identified four regional trends across 34 regions based on changes in school numbers and student enrolment.
• Seven regions, including Bihar, recorded an increase in both school numbers and student enrolment.
• Seven regions, including Rajasthan, recorded an increase in enrolment despite a decline in the number of schools.
• Eleven regions, including Madhya Pradesh, recorded a decline in both school numbers and student enrolment.
• Nine regions, including Tamil Nadu, recorded a decline in enrolment despite an increase in the number of schools.
• Uttar Pradesh showed little overall change, but rural enrolment declined by 19.46 lakh, while urban enrolment increased by 17.60 lakh.
• The paper recommended caution while merging or closing schools with low enrolment and opposed a uniform national target for school closures or a fixed minimum student requirement for every school.

World Bank Reports Pakistan’s External Debt Surged to Nearly $135 Billion in 2025

• According to the World Bank's International Debt Report 2026, released on 5 November 2026, Pakistan's total external debt nearly doubled to USD 135.1 billion in 2025 from USD 68.673 billion in 2015.

Key Highlights :

• Pakistan's total external debt in 2025 comprised USD 107.076 billion in public and publicly guaranteed debt, USD 17.58 billion in private non-guaranteed debt and USD 10.45 billion in short-term debt.
• Of Pakistan's public and publicly guaranteed debt, USD 56.83 billion was owed to multilateral creditors, USD 42.43 billion to bilateral creditors and USD 7.8 billion to private creditors.
• China was Pakistan's largest individual creditor, with USD 22.4 billion in outstanding loans, followed by the World Bank (USD 19.2 billion) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) (USD 16.83 billion).
• Loans from official creditors carried an average maturity of 16 years, a four-year grace period and an average interest rate of 3.6%.
• Private credit carried an average interest rate of 8.6%, with a three-year repayment period and a one-year grace period.
• In 2025, China extended the maturities of USD 2 billion in loans to Pakistan.
• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) provided USD 2.3 billion in new disbursements to Pakistan under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) and Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF)
• The Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan and Pakistan (MENAP) region recorded improvements in debt-service and interest ratios, but its external debt-to-Gross National Income (GNI) ratio increased from 26.7% to 29.4% in 2025, marking the largest single-year increase among all regions.
• External debt of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) increased by 5% to a record USD 9.4 trillion in 2025, marking the sharpest increase in four years.
• External debt in countries eligible for International Development Association (IDA) financing increased by 1% to USD 1.3 trillion in 2025.
• External debt in low-income countries increased by 9% to USD 262.4 billion, marking the largest increase since 2020.
• The rise in global external debt was driven by increased bond issuance, a weaker US dollar and renewed investor willingness to lend.
• Debt-service payments in developing countries increased for the fifth consecutive year, while poorer countries faced some of their highest borrowing costs in decades.
• Despite rising debt, stronger economic growth helped stabilise some debt ratios, and net long-term debt transfers turned positive after several years of outflows.

About World Bank:

• The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.
• The World Bank consists of 5 institutions: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), The International Development Association (IDA), The International Finance Corporation (IFC), The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).
• Founded Year: 1944
• Headquarters: Washington, D.C., United States
• President: Ajay Banga
• Members:189 countries

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

Uttarakhand Celebrates 26th Foundation Day on November 9, 2026

• Uttarakhand celebrated its 26th Foundation Day on November 9, 2026, marking the formation of the state on November 9, 2000, during the tenure of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, following a prolonged movement for separate statehood.
• Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami paid tribute to the martyrs of the Uttarakhand statehood movement and honoured those who contributed to the creation of the state.

Key Highlights

• As part of the Foundation Day celebrations, Dhami attended the launch ceremony of ‘Vikas Pustika-2026’ (Development Booklet-2026) at Gorkha Military Inter College, Garhi Cantt, Dehradun.
• On the occasion, Prime Minister Narendra Modi extended his greetings to the people of Uttarakhand and highlighted the state's rich cultural heritage, spiritual importance and progress across various sectors.
• In a message on X, Modi described Uttarakhand as a divine land known for its beautiful mountain landscapes, sacred rivers and the revered Char Dham pilgrimage sites.
• He also highlighted the state's spiritual heritage and natural beauty.

About Uttarakhand:

• Chief Minister: Pushkar Singh Dhami
• Governor: Dr Dhal Singh Bisen
• Capital: Dehradun (Winter), Gairsain (Summer)
• National Parks: Jim Corbett National Park, Rajaji National Park, Valley of Flowers National Park, Nanda Devi National Park, Gangotri National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary, Askot Musk Deer Wildlife Sanctuary, Nandhaur Wildlife Sanctuary, Govind Pashu Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary, Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary, Mussoorie Wildlife Sanctuary

Union Minister Virendra Kumar Launches Vayo Samman Rashtriya Abhiyan to Strengthen Intergenerational Bonding

• Dr. Virendra Kumar, Union Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment, launched Vayo Samman Rashtriya Abhiyan, a National Intergenerational Bonding Campaign, under the Atal Vayo Abhyuday Yojana (AVYAY) in New Delhi.
• The campaign aims to strengthen intergenerational solidarity and build a society that recognises and values the experience, wisdom and contributions of senior citizens.

Key Highlights

• During the launch, the Minister:
• Released the Handbook on Vayo Samman Rashtriya Abhiyan, which provides guidance on the campaign's objectives, implementation strategy, thematic activities and responsibilities of States, Districts and community institutions.
• Launched Vayo SAATHI, a volunteer initiative to mobilise citizens to support senior citizens.
• Administered the Vayo Samman Pledge, encouraging people to protect the dignity, care, respect and social inclusion of senior citizens.
• Two Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) were signed with voluntary organisations:
• Shri Ram Chandra Mission (SRCM).
• Adhyatma Vigyan Satsang Kendra (AVSK), Jodhpur.
• These partnerships will promote the holistic well-being of senior citizens through meditation, yoga and wellness programmes. They will also encourage intergenerational engagement through pledge drives, walkathons and other community-based activities.
• India's population aged 60 years and above is projected to increase from approximately 10 crore in 2011 to 23 crore by 2036, highlighting the growing need for senior citizen welfare and social support.
• The Minister observed that urbanisation, migration and changing family structures have reduced regular interaction between generations. This has contributed to challenges such as loneliness, limited awareness of welfare schemes and vulnerability to cyber fraud among senior citizens.
• Describing the campaign as 'Anubhav aur Urja ka Sangam' (a confluence of experience and energy), the Minister emphasised the importance of combining the wisdom of senior citizens with the enthusiasm of younger generations.
• The campaign aims to reach every village and neighbourhood (mohalla) through Panchayats, local bodies and educational institutions. Citizens are encouraged to contribute through simple activities, such as spending 30 minutes with an elderly person or accompanying them to a doctor.
• 5C Model: The campaign follows a five-part model to establish sustained engagement between generations:

1. Connect – Connect younger and older generations through community platforms and educational institutions.
2. Converse – Encourage conversations, storytelling and the sharing of experiences.
3. Co-create – Undertake joint activities involving different generations.
4. Contribute – Share knowledge and skills for community welfare.
5. Continue – Make intergenerational engagement a regular community-led practice rather than a one-time activity.

• The campaign covers 12 thematic areas, including:
• 30 Minutes Together – Promotes companionship and regular interaction with senior citizens.
• Teach Me – I'll Teach You – Encourages mutual learning and exchange of skills between generations.
• My Story, My India – Promotes the preservation of personal experiences and oral histories.
• Digital Dada-Dadi / Digital Saathi – Improves digital literacy among senior citizens and creates awareness about cyber fraud.
• Generation Health & Wellness – Encourages health, fitness and wellness activities.
• Silver Skills – Seniors as Mentors – Recognises senior citizens as mentors and contributors of valuable knowledge and skills.
• Vayo SAATHI stands for Support, Awareness, Assistance, Training, Health and Inclusion. It is a digitally enabled volunteer initiative open to all citizens aged 18 years and above, including students, young professionals and institutions.
• Vayo SAATHI volunteers will act as friends, facilitators and connectors for senior citizens and support their social inclusion and overall well-being.
• Interested citizens can register as volunteers through the SCW SAMAVESH Portal or the JEEVAN App and receive a Vayo SAATHI Certificate.
• The Ministry invited States, educational institutions, universities, youth organisations, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) partners to participate in the campaign and register as Vayo SAATHI volunteers.

About Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment:

• Cabinet Minister: Dr. Virendra Kumar
• Constituency: Tikamgarh, Madhya Pradesh
• Ministers of State (MoS): Ramdas Athawale, B. L. Verma

Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman Releases ₹250 Commemorative Coin to Mark 250th Birth Anniversary of Muthuswami Dikshitar

• Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman released a ₹250 commemorative coin to mark the 250th birth anniversary of Muthuswami Dikshitar, a renowned Carnatic music composer, at Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi.
• The programme was organised under the Centre of Excellence for Indian Knowledge Systems at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Banaras Hindu University (BHU).
• According to IIT-BHU's Public Relations Department, the commemorative coin was issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

Key Highlights

• The coin was available for purchase at ₹6,985, with 238 pieces listed as available on the evening of the announcement.
• Commemorative coins are generally minted in limited quantities using precious metals and are primarily intended for collection and remembrance rather than regular financial transactions.
• Before attending the programme, she paid a floral tribute to the statue of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, the founder of Banaras Hindu University.
• The Finance Minister discussed the distinctive features of Dikshitar's veena, his association with Kashi (Varanasi) and his stay in the city.
• The release of the commemorative coin received support from the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) under its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programme. BSE Managing Director Sundararaman Ramamurthy made a special contribution towards the initiative.
• Banaras Hindu University Vice-Chancellor Professor Ajit Kumar Chaturvedi shared his views on the significance of the occasion, while IIT-BHU Director Professor Amit Patra highlighted Dikshitar's contribution and his distinguished position in Indian classical music.
• The programme also featured Carnatic music performances:
• Renowned vocalist Dr. Sumitra Vasudev from Karnataka paid a musical tribute to Muthuswami Dikshitar through her rendition.
• Ramana Balachandhran performed a veena recital, accompanied by Ganapatiraman on the mridangam and L. Ramakrishnan on the violin.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

India and Kazakhstan Sign Treaty to Facilitate Extradition and Combat Cross-Border Crime

• India and Kazakhstan signed an Extradition Treaty to establish a legal framework for extraditing individuals wanted by law enforcement authorities in either country and strengthen cooperation against international crime and terrorism.
• The treaty was signed by General Berik Assylov, Prosecutor of Kazakhstan, and K. Sailas Thangal, India's Ambassador to Kazakhstan.
• On 26 August 2026, the Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the signing and ratification of extradition treaties, including the treaty with Kazakhstan.
• India and Kazakhstan had earlier signed a bilateral Extradition Treaty on 24 January 2009, which was ratified in February 2009.
• The treaty complements two existing bilateral agreements: the Agreement on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters and the Agreement on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons.
• Extradition treaties generally follow two models: the Specified-Offences Model, which lists extraditable crimes, and the Dual-Criminality Model, which requires an offence to be punishable under the laws of both countries.
• The treaty strengthens the legal framework for criminal justice cooperation, facilitates the extradition of wanted individuals and helps combat cross-border crime and terrorism.
• The agreement also reinforces bilateral relations between India and Kazakhstan.

About Kazakhstan :

• President :Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
• Capital : Astana
• Currency : Tenge

CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS

President Droupadi Murmu to Confer Swachh Survekshan Awards 2025-26 in New Delhi

• President Droupadi Murmu will confer the Swachh Survekshan Awards 2025-26 at a ceremony in New Delhi.
• The awards recognise India's cleanest cities and acknowledge their outstanding contributions to the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U).
• Manohar Lal, Union Minister for Housing and Urban Affairs, and Tokhan Sahu, Minister of State for Housing and Urban Affairs, will also attend the ceremony.
• According to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), the awards celebrate the collective achievements of cities and states over the past decade and reinforce their commitment to sustaining cleanliness-related progress on the ground.

Key Highlights

• The 10th edition of Swachh Survekshan has been successfully completed under the theme “Swachhata Ki Nayi Pehel – Badhayein Haath, Karein Safai Saath”.
• Swachh Survekshan is the flagship cleanliness assessment conducted under the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban. Its coverage has expanded significantly, from 73 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in 2016 to more than 4,000 cities in the latest edition.
• The Swachh Survekshan 2025-26 introduced several key improvements:
• Greater emphasis on citizen feedback.
• Expanded assessment coverage of urban river fronts.
• Specific indicators to assess the prevention of open defecation and open urination.
• Greater focus on cleanliness at tourist destinations and heritage hotspots.
• Assessment of behaviour-change initiatives in schools.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPS & PORTALS

Google Launches Experimental AI-Powered Personal Intelligence App Dreambeans in India

• Google Labs, owned by Alphabet, launched its experimental AI-powered personal intelligence app Dreambeans in India, marking its first international expansion outside the United States.
• Dreambeans is available to users aged 18 years and above on both Android and iOS platforms.
• The app supports 14 Indian languages: Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Punjabi, Urdu, Assamese, Nepali and English.
• Dreambeans connects with users' opted-in Google services, including Gmail, Google Photos, Google Calendar, YouTube, Google Search and Gemini, to generate personalised daily content without requiring manual prompts.
• The app creates a personalised daily digest in the form of short, visual stories based on users' digital activities.
• It generates stories using watercolour-style illustrations and animations, with the support of AI models such as Veo.
• Dreambeans is a standalone AI application that functions like a private visual journal rather than a social media platform.
• The app processes information only from Google services that users have explicitly opted into; data from unconnected applications is not included.
• Users can change connected applications and delete their data through the profile section of the app.
• Dreambeans' opt-in settings do not affect users' existing privacy choices in Gemini or AI Mode.
• Google has cautioned that the experimental app may generate incorrect stories or AI hallucinations and allows users to provide feedback through the thumbs-down option.

Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw Launches Semicon 2.0 Portal and Approves 12 New Applicants Under Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme

• Union Minister for Railways, Information & Broadcasting, and Electronics & Information Technology, Ashwini Vaishnaw, launched the “Semicon 2.0 – Web Application Portal” under the Semicon India Programme for Pillars 2, 3 and 4.
• During the launch, he also announced 12 additional approved applicants under the Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS).
• The Union Cabinet approved Semicon 2.0 with a fiscal outlay of ₹1,27,500 crore under the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) to strengthen India's semiconductor ecosystem.
• Semicon 2.0 focuses on six strategic pillars: Chip Design, Machines and Materials, Semiconductor Fabs, ATMP/OSAT Industry, Research & Development (R&D), and Talent Development.
• The six pillars of Semicon 2.0 are: Pillar 1 – Chip Design; Pillar 2 – Machines and Materials; Pillar 3 – Setting up More Fabs; Pillar 4 – Strengthening ATMP/OSAT Industry; Pillar 5 – Research & Development; and Pillar 6 – Talent Development.
• With the launch of the Semicon 2.0 Web Application Portal, applications have opened for Pillars 2, 3 and 4.
• Under Semicon 1.0, a total of 12 semiconductor projects were approved across six states, involving cumulative investments of over ₹1.64 lakh crore.
• Out of the 12 approved semiconductor projects under Semicon 1.0, five projects commenced commercial production as of October 2026.
• Under the Chips to Startup (C2S) Programme, 332 institutions have been provided with Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools, and approximately 70,000 students have been trained.
• Under the startup support initiatives, 105 startups have received access to EDA tools, 24 startups have received funding support, and 15 startups have secured venture capital funding.
• Under the latest ECMS approvals, 12 applications have been approved with a projected investment of ₹7,503 crore, expected production of ₹39,045 crore, and the creation of 7,127 direct employment opportunities.
• The 12 newly approved ECMS projects cover 10 target-segment products across electronic components, supply-chain products and capital goods.
• The newly approved ECMS projects are spread across seven states: Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh.
• First-time ECMS approvals include copper foil, cathode active material and specialty ceramics.
• With the latest approvals, the total number of approved ECMS applications has reached 118, covering 34 products across 16 states.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

National Institute of Technology Raipur Partners with AKSI Aerospace Group to Establish Centre of Excellence for Aerospace and Autonomous Technologies

• The National Institute of Technology (NIT), Raipur, partnered with AKSI Aerospace Group to establish a Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Aerospace and Autonomous Technologies.
• The CoE aims to promote industry-linked research, practical training and indigenous technology development in aerospace and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies.
• The initiative aims to bridge the gap between academic research and industry requirements by providing students and researchers with exposure to real-world engineering challenges.
• The CoE will focus on drone platforms, flight control systems, propulsion systems, batteries, advanced materials and autonomous technologies.
• It will support prototyping, manufacturing, integration and testing of indigenous aerospace and drone technologies.
• The partnership will create opportunities for collaborative research, student projects, industry mentorship, technical training and industry-ready talent development.
• AKSI Aerospace Group also plans to establish an aerospace manufacturing plant in Raipur, connecting academic research, technology development and industrial manufacturing.
• The CoE will support indigenous aerospace and drone technology applications in agriculture, logistics, cargo transport, surveillance, security and disaster response.
• AKSI Aerospace Group operates through nine specialised group companies and develops UAV platforms and critical subsystems, including navigation systems, cameras, batteries, propulsion systems and airframe composites.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s $500 Million Swift Observatory to Re-enter Earth’s Atmosphere Following Failed Robotic Rescue Mission

• The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA's) Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, a multi-wavelength space telescope, is set to re-enter Earth's atmosphere and burn up nearly 22 years after its launch in 2004.
• The satellite weighs approximately 1,452 kg (3,200 pounds) and is expected to re-enter over the tropical region.
• According to NASA, any fragments surviving atmospheric re-entry are unlikely to threaten populated areas, with the estimated risk of harm to anyone on Earth at 1 in 2,100.
• The Swift Observatory is a USD 500 million, first-of-its-kind multi-wavelength space telescope equipped with three telescopes to observe different wavelengths of cosmic radiation.
• Its primary mission is to study Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and other powerful cosmic phenomena, particularly explosions in distant galaxies.
• In July 2026, NASA and Arizona-based startup Katalyst launched a robotic rescue spacecraft named LINK to attach to Swift and move it into a higher, more sustainable orbit.
• The LINK rescue mission failed after the spacecraft began spinning uncontrollably soon after reaching space, and the mission was abandoned by mid-August 2026.
• The rescue mission was carried out under a USD 30 million NASA contract, with LINK designed, built and tested within an unprecedented nine-month development schedule.
• The LINK mission was the first US mission of its kind and demonstrated orbital grappling technology, which can be used for satellite servicing, maintenance and potential military space applications.
• The Swift Observatory was originally designed for a two-year mission but continued operating for nearly 22 years, far exceeding its planned lifespan.
• During its extended mission, Swift observed supermassive black holes, X-ray flares from stars, comets, asteroids and powerful explosions in distant galaxies.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS

Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited to Acquire 100% Stake in Netherlands-Based Evos B.V. for €2.56 Billion

• Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited (APSEZ) agreed to acquire 100% stake in Netherlands-based Evos B.V. from Igneo Infrastructure Partners for an enterprise value of €2.56 billion (approximately ₹27,200 crore) through an all-cash transaction.
• The acquisition marks APSEZ's entry into Europe's liquid storage market and represents a major expansion of its international operations.
• The transaction values Evos at an equity value of €1.18 billion, with an acquisition multiple of 7 times CY2025 EV/EBITDA.
• Evos B.V. is Europe's second-largest independent liquid storage operator, with a total storage capacity of 3 million cubic metres.
• Evos operates 8 port-based liquid storage terminals across 5 European countries: the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Belgium and Malta.
• Following the acquisition, APSEZ's global network will expand to 28 ports and terminals across 10 countries.
• Evos handled 37 million metric tonnes (MMT) of throughput in CY2025, generating revenue of €392 million and EBITDA of €219 million, with an EBITDA margin of 56%.
• Evos operates 452 storage tanks, 63 vessel and barge berths, and integrated pipeline connectivity, including links to Schiphol Airport and the Central Europe Pipeline System.
• Its terminals are strategically located in major European energy and industrial hubs, including the Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp (ARA) region, Hamburg and the Mediterranean.
• Evos handles conventional and transition fuels, including gasoline, gasoil, marine fuels and jet fuel, along with Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), biofuels, methanol and bioethanol.
• The acquisition is expected to strengthen APSEZ's earnings quality through high-margin, predictable foreign-currency revenues, supported by take-or-pay arrangements and Consumer Price Index (CPI)-linked contracts.
• The acquisition will improve geographical diversification and reduce APSEZ's dependence on any single geography.
• The transaction will be debt-funded, with MUFG (Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group) acting as the sole underwriter and providing financing commitments of up to €2.8 billion.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : ENVIRONMENT

Rare White Stork Spotted at Okhla Bird Sanctuary on Delhi–Noida Border

• A rare White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) was spotted at Okhla Bird Sanctuary, located on the Delhi–Noida border along the Yamuna River.
• The bird is believed to belong to the rare Central Asian subspecies Ciconia ciconia asiatica, with an estimated global population of fewer than 2,000.
• The subspecies primarily breeds in Uzbekistan and southern Kazakhstan and migrates towards wintering grounds extending from Iran to the Indian subcontinent.
• The bird was first sighted by birder Tejaswi and was subsequently spotted for three consecutive days.
• Previous White Stork sightings in the Delhi-NCR region include Okhla (March 1992 and February 2005), Palwal (2004–05) and near Jewar (March 2019).
• The latest sighting has attracted birdwatchers, ornithologists, naturalists and wildlife photographers, particularly during the winter migration season.
• The sighting highlights the importance of protecting urban wetlands and their natural habitats for rare migratory birds.
• The White Stork is characterised by a white body, black wing feathers, a long red bill and red legs.
• It is a long-distance migratory bird that feeds on insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, small mammals and small birds.

New Perennial Flowering Herb Species Disporum kamakhasiense Identified in Assam and Meghalaya

• Researchers discovered a new plant species named Disporum kamakhasiense, a perennial flowering herb belonging to the Colchicaceae family, in the forests of Assam and Meghalaya.
• The discovery was published in the botanical journal Novon, highlighting the rich biodiversity of Northeast India.
• The plant was recorded at three locations: Garbhanga Reserve Forest near Guwahati and Laisong in Assam, and Barapani in Meghalaya.
• Disporum kamakhasiense grows in semi-evergreen forests, mainly on cliffs beneath bamboo forests, at elevations of 200–1,100 metres.
• The plant grows approximately 120–180 cm tall and has extensively branched stems.
• Its distinguishing features include glossy yellowish-green to dark-green leaves with seven prominent parallel veins and delicate white, star-shaped flowers with distinctive straight spurs.
• It differs from its closest relative, Disporum calcaratum, in its plant size, leaf structure, flower structure, flower stalk length and stamen features.
• The plant flowers between June and July and bears fruits between July and August.
• The scientific name Disporum kamakhasiense is derived from Kamrupa (the ancient name for Assam) and the Khasi Hills of Meghalaya.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

Anuj Shrivatri Becomes India’s 100th Chess Grandmaster at 7th ASEAN Plus Individual Chess Championship 2026

• Anuj Shrivatri from Madhya Pradesh became India’s 100th Chess Grandmaster (GM) after winning the 7th ASEAN Plus Individual Open Chess Championship 2026, held in Ozamiz City, Philippines.
• By winning the championship, Shrivatri secured the direct Grandmaster title and became the first-ever Grandmaster from Madhya Pradesh.
• The achievement marks an important milestone for Indian chess, as India reached the landmark of 100 Grandmasters.

Key Highlights

• India's first Grandmaster was Viswanathan Anand, who achieved the title in 1987 after winning the Shakti Finance International Chess Tournament held in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
• Nitin Narang, President of the All India Chess Federation (AICF), congratulated Shrivatri and described the achievement as a historic moment for Indian chess. He also expressed the ambition of reaching 200 Indian Grandmasters.
• In July 2026, V. S. Rathanvel became India's 99th Grandmaster after crossing the 2,500 Elo rating mark at the Guwahati Smart City International Open 2026.
• Rathanvel, aged 25, had completed his three Grandmaster norms in 2022 and was coached by Grandmasters Vishnu Prasanna, Narayanan Srinath, Shyam Sundar and Sundarrajan Kidambi.
• Grandmaster (GM) is the highest and most prestigious title in chess, awarded by the International Chess Federation (FIDE), the global governing body of chess headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. FIDE is derived from its French name, Fédération Internationale des Échecs.
• Other recognised chess titles include International Master (IM), FIDE Master (FM) and Candidate Master (CM), along with corresponding women's titles: Woman Grandmaster (WGM), Woman International Master (WIM), Woman FIDE Master (WFM) and Woman Candidate Master (WCM).
• To earn a Grandmaster norm, a player generally needs to compete in a tournament of at least nine games. Exceptions include seven-game norms in World or Continental Team Championships and eight-game norms in the World Cup or Women's World Championship.
• The main requirements for achieving a Grandmaster norm include:
• A Tournament Performance Rating (TPR) of at least 2,600.
• At least 33% of opponents must hold the Grandmaster title.
• Players representing at least three different national chess federations must participate.
• To obtain the full Grandmaster title, a player generally needs to secure three Grandmaster norms across a minimum of 27 games and achieve a FIDE rating of at least 2,500 at some point.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

World Tsunami Awareness Day 2026 – 5 November

• World Tsunami Awareness Day (WTAD) is observed annually on 5 November by the United Nations (UN) through the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) to promote tsunami preparedness, strengthen community resilience and reduce tsunami-related risks.
• 5 November 2026 marks the 11th observance of World Tsunami Awareness Day.
• Theme for 2026: “Be Tsunami Ready: Resilience Starts With You”.
• World Tsunami Awareness Day was designated by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) through Resolution A/RES/70/203, adopted on 22 December 2015, following an initiative led by Japan.
• The day commemorates the traditional Japanese story of “Inamura-no-hi” (the burning of rice sheaves), which highlights the importance of community awareness and early warning in protecting people from tsunamis.
• The first World Tsunami Awareness Day was observed on 5 November 2016.
• On 27 October 2026, an interactive awareness session was organised at the United Nations Conference Centre (UNCC), Bangkok, Thailand, to promote tsunami awareness and preparedness through educational activities.

Infant Protection Day 2026 – 7 November Promotes Infant Health and Safety

• Infant Protection Day is observed annually on 7 November to create awareness about infant healthcare, protection from infections and the importance of reducing the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR).
• The first three months after birth are considered a crucial period for infants, as important developmental abilities such as hearing, communication and vision begin to develop.
• Theme: "Protecting, promoting, and developing infants”.
• Proper infant care includes protecting babies from airborne infections, providing a clean and healthy environment, and ensuring adequate nutrition for the development of their immune systems.
• Breastfeeding, particularly continuous and appropriate maternal feeding, plays an important role in supporting infant health and protecting babies against infectious diseases.
• Infants should receive vaccinations according to the recommended vaccination schedule to protect them from serious infectious diseases.
• According to the supplied source, nearly 5 million infants died in 1990 due to a lack of awareness and inadequate infant protection measures.
• During the early 20th century, several countries began taking steps to improve child healthcare and reduce infant mortality.
• European countries initiated campaigns to improve child healthcare and established Infant Protection Day to increase public awareness of childcare services and infant health.
• The awareness generated through such initiatives contributed to a decline in the Infant Mortality Rate. The source reports a reduction from 100 to 10 deaths per 1,000 live births.
• The United States later joined the awareness initiative and began observing Infant Protection Day to promote infant healthcare and safety.
• Infant Protection Day is observed every year on 7 November.

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Birth Anniversary 2026 – 7 November

• The birth anniversary of Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C. V. Raman) is observed on 7 November every year. He was born on 7 November 1888 in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.
• His father, Chandrasekhara Ramanathan Iyer, was a professor of Physics and Mathematics who worked in Visakhapatnam.
• C. V. Raman demonstrated academic brilliance during his early school years.
• He joined Presidency College and obtained his undergraduate degree in 1904. He also completed his Master's degree in Physics from the same college.
• In 1917, he joined the University of Calcutta as its first Professor of Physics.
• After serving at the University of Calcutta for 15 years, he became a professor at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, where he served from 1933 to 1948.
• From 1948, he served as the Director of the Raman Research Institute (RRI), Bengaluru, which he established and endowed.
• C. V. Raman passed away in November 1970.

World Radiography Day 2026 – 8 November Highlights the Discovery of X-Rays and Patient Safety

• World Radiography Day is observed annually on 8 November to commemorate the discovery of X-rays and recognise the importance of radiography in medical diagnosis and healthcare.
• The theme for World Radiography Day 2026 is “Upholding Patient Safety”.
• Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, a German physicist, discovered X-rays in 1895 while conducting experiments in his laboratory using a cathode-ray tube.
• During his experiment, Röntgen noticed that fluorescent crystals placed near the cathode-ray tube began to glow even though the tube was covered with black paper.
• He had applied high voltage to the electrodes inside the tube after evacuating the air from it. The experiment produced an unknown type of radiation that could pass through materials such as paper but was absorbed differently by denser materials.
• Further investigations showed that these rays could pass through soft tissues of the human body while producing images of denser structures such as bones.
• Röntgen named the newly discovered radiation X-rays, using the letter 'X' to indicate its unknown nature.
• The discovery became a major breakthrough in medical science because X-rays enabled doctors to examine internal structures of the human body without surgery.
• 8 November is observed as World Radiography Day every year because it marks the date of Röntgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895.

National Cancer Awareness Day 2026 – 7 November Promotes Early Detection and Prevention of Cancer

• National Cancer Awareness Day is observed annually on 7 November in India to create awareness about cancer prevention, early detection and treatment.
• The observance was first announced in September 2014 by Dr. Harsh Vardhan, the then Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare.
• A committee formed in September 2014 decided that 7 November would be observed as National Cancer Awareness Day every year.
• The day aims to educate people about the importance of identifying cancer at an early stage and adopting preventive measures. Early detection plays a significant role in improving the chances of successful cancer treatment.
• Dr. Harsh Vardhan also launched a state-level cancer control initiative to encourage early detection and research aimed at finding effective cancer treatments.
• The National Cancer Control Programme was launched in 1975 to establish and improve cancer treatment facilities across India.
• During 1984–1985, the programme was revised to make cancer treatment services more effective and accessible to the population.

World Freedom Day 2026 – 9 November Celebrates the Fall of the Berlin Wall and the Values of Freedom and Democracy

• World Freedom Day is observed on 9 November 2026 in the United States to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.
• The day highlights the importance of freedom, democracy, individual rights and human dignity and honours people who fought for their rights.
• The day was officially proclaimed by United States President George W. Bush on 9 November 2001 to encourage Americans to celebrate freedom and democracy and remember the historic fall of the Berlin Wall.
• Although its name suggests an international observance, World Freedom Day is primarily observed in the United States.
• The day has its origins in the Cold War and the political division of Germany following the Second World War.
• After the end of the Second World War, Germany was divided into four occupation zones administered by the United States, the United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union. Berlin, although located within the Soviet-controlled zone, was also divided into four sectors.
• In 1949, two separate German states were established:
• Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), comprising the western occupation zones.
• German Democratic Republic (East Germany), established in the Soviet-controlled zone.
• Berlin was also divided between East and West Germany.
• Significant differences in political systems and living conditions emerged between the two German states. West Germany followed a capitalist economic system and experienced economic growth, while communist East Germany faced difficult economic and living conditions.
• Between 1949 and 1961, approximately 3 million people left East Germany for West Germany, mainly because of better economic opportunities and living conditions in the West. This large-scale migration created serious concerns for the East German government and the Soviet Union.
• In response to the migration, East German authorities constructed a physical barrier between East Berlin and West Berlin in 1961. Soldiers initially installed barbed wire and concrete barriers during the night, leaving many Berlin residents unable to travel freely between the two sides.
• The Berlin Wall, approximately 91 miles long, was strengthened over time with minefields, watchtowers, electric fences and other security installations to prevent people from crossing into West Berlin.
• On 9 November 1989, following growing public pressure and confusion over newly announced travel regulations, East German officials opened the border crossings. Thousands of people gathered at the Berlin Wall, and citizens began breaking it apart using hammers and chisels. This marked the historic fall of the Berlin Wall.
• The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolised the decline of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and became a major turning point in European history.
• In 1990, one year after the fall of the Berlin Wall, East Germany and West Germany were officially reunified as a single country.

Daily CA One- Liner: November 10 & 11

• Uttarakhand celebrated its 26th Foundation Day on November 9, 2026, marking the formation of the state on November 9, 2000, during the tenure of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, following a prolonged movement for separate statehood
• Virendra Kumar, Union Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment, launched Vayo Samman Rashtriya Abhiyan, a National Intergenerational Bonding Campaign, under the Atal Vayo Abhyuday Yojana (AVYAY) in New Delhi
• Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman released a ₹250 commemorative coin to mark the 250th birth anniversary of Muthuswami Dikshitar, a renowned Carnatic music composer, at Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi
• President Droupadi Murmu will confer the Swachh Survekshan Awards 2025-26 at a ceremony in New Delhi
• Anuj Shrivatri from Madhya Pradesh became India’s 100th Chess Grandmaster (GM) after winning the 7th ASEAN Plus Individual Open Chess Championship 2026, held in Ozamiz City, Philippines
• World Tsunami Awareness Day (WTAD) is observed annually on 5 November by the United Nations (UN) through the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) to promote tsunami preparedness, strengthen community resilience and reduce tsunami-related risks
• Infant Protection Day is observed annually on 7 November to create awareness about infant healthcare, protection from infections and the importance of reducing the Infant Mortality Rate
• The birth anniversary of Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C. V. Raman) is observed on 7 November every year. He was born on 7 November 1888 in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu
• World Radiography Day is observed annually on 8 November to commemorate the discovery of X-rays and recognise the importance of radiography in medical diagnosis and healthcare
• National Cancer Awareness Day is observed annually on 7 November in India to create awareness about cancer prevention, early detection and treatment
• World Freedom Day is observed on 9 November 2026 in the United States to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the provisional results of the 2025–26 round of its annual Census on Foreign Liabilities and Assets (FLA).
• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) eased Know Your Customer (KYC) requirements for Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) and foreign nationals to facilitate their investment in Indian securities markets.
• According to National Stock Exchange (NSE) data, Angel One overtook Zerodha to become India’s second-largest stockbroker by active clients in October 2026, with a market share of nearly 15%, compared to Zerodha’s 5%.
• A working paper by the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) reported that the number of reported schools in India declined by 5.4% between 2018-19 and 2025-26, from 51 lakh to 14.67 lakh.
• According to the World Bank's International Debt Report 2026, released on 5 November 2026, Pakistan's total external debt nearly doubled to USD 135.1 billion in 2025 from USD 68.673 billion in 2015.
• India and Kazakhstan signed an Extradition Treaty to establish a legal framework for extraditing individuals wanted by law enforcement authorities in either country and strengthen cooperation against international crime and terrorism.
• Google Labs, owned by Alphabet, launched its experimental AI-powered personal intelligence app Dreambeans in India, marking its first international expansion outside the United States.
• Union Minister for Railways, Information & Broadcasting, and Electronics & Information Technology, Ashwini Vaishnaw, launched the “Semicon 2.0 – Web Application Portal” under the Semicon India Programme for Pillars 2, 3 and 4.
• The National Institute of Technology (NIT), Raipur, partnered with AKSI Aerospace Group to establish a Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Aerospace and Autonomous Technologies.
• The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA's) Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, a multi-wavelength space telescope, is set to re-enter Earth's atmosphere and burn up nearly 22 years after its launch in 2004.
• Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited (APSEZ) agreed to acquire 100% stake in Netherlands-based Evos B.V. from Igneo Infrastructure Partners for an enterprise value of €2.56 billion (approximately ₹27,200 crore) through an all-cash transaction.
• A rare White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) was spotted at Okhla Bird Sanctuary, located on the Delhi–Noida border along the Yamuna River.
• Researchers discovered a new plant species named Disporum kamakhasiense, a perennial flowering herb belonging to the Colchicaceae family, in the forests of Assam and Meghalaya.