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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Securities and Exchange Board of India Sets Unified USD 5 Million Limit for Unhedged Rupee-Linked Currency Derivative Positions

• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) revised the norms for unhedged positions in rupee-linked currency derivatives on 5 November 2026, aligning them with the revised framework of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
• Under the revised framework, domestic clients and Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) can take unhedged long or short positions up to USD 5 million in notional value outstanding at any point without establishing underlying exposure.
• The USD 5 million limit applies cumulatively across all INR-linked currency pairs and all recognised stock exchanges, rather than separately for each currency pair or exchange.
• FPIs cannot hold short positions exceeding USD 5 million across all foreign currency-rupee (FCY-INR) contracts combined.
• FPIs seeking to take long positions beyond USD 5 million must demonstrate underlying exposure in Indian debt or equity securities, including units of equity and debt mutual funds.
• Domestic clients can take positions beyond the USD 5 million limit subject to the conditions specified by the RBI Master Direction on Risk Management and Inter-Bank Dealings, as amended.
• The revised SEBI framework aligns with the RBI circular dated 10 October 2026, which revised the threshold for taking positions in rupee-involving foreign exchange derivatives without underlying exposure.
• Stock exchanges and clearing corporations must establish the necessary systems to implement the revised provisions and make corresponding amendments to their rules and regulations.

About SEBI :

• Established : 12 April 1988 as an executive body and was given statutory powers on 30 January 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992
• Headquarters : Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Chairman : Tuhin Kanta Pandey
• SEBI is the regulatory body for securities and commodity markets in India under the ownership of the Ministry of Finance (MoF), GoI.

NSE International Exchange Extends Market Trading Hours to 23.5 Hours for Near-Round-the-Clock Trading Access

• NSE International Exchange (NSEIX), located in GIFT City, Gujarat, extended its overall market trading hours to 23 hours and 30 minutes, effective 2 November 2026.
• Earlier, NSEIX operated for approximately 22 hours; the extended trading session now runs from 3:15 AM IST to 2:45 AM IST the following day.
• The extended trading window provides access to Asian, European and US market hours, enabling investors to respond to global developments and manage exposure across different time zones.
• The exchange described the move as a new global benchmark for continuous trading of nearly 24×5 hours.
• Balasubramaniam is the Managing Director and CEO of NSEIX.
• The extension was described as an important milestone in developing a globally accessible marketplace from GIFT City.
• NSEIX completes maintenance within 3 minutes between trading sessions and in less than 15 minutes at the end of the trading day.
• In October 2026, GIFT Nifty index contracts recorded a total notional turnover of USD 120.45 billion, compared with USD 110.93 billion in September 2026.
• GIFT Nifty contracts were migrated from the Singapore Exchange (SGX) to NSEIX on 3 July 2023.
• Globally, the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and Eurex operate trading sessions of approximately 5 hours and 23 hours, respectively.

Securities and Exchange Board of India Forms Working Group to Simplify Startup and Deep-Tech Listings; Eases Know Your Client Rules for Foreign Investors

• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) formed an 18-member Working Group (WG) to review the regulatory framework governing the Innovators Growth Platform (IGP) under the SEBI (Issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2018 (ICDR Regulations).
• The newly formed Working Group will be co-chaired by Srini Srinivasan, Chairman of the Indian Venture and Alternate Capital Association (IVCA), and Prashanth Prakash, Partner at Accel Partners.
• The Working Group will review the existing eligibility criteria and listing requirements of IGP and examine their suitability for research-stage, pre-revenue, Intellectual Property (IP)-led and deep-tech companies.
• SEBI relaxed Know Your Client (KYC) norms for Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) and foreign nationals, allowing eligible overseas investors to complete digital onboarding without visiting India, effective 3 December 2026.
• Under the revised framework, market intermediaries can accept KYC information and supporting documents through digital channels from eligible overseas investors.
• Eligible overseas investors can also submit their specimen signatures digitally, subject to verification through Video-based In-Person Verification (VIPV).
• Eligible overseas investors must submit copies of their passports and, wherever applicable, OCI cards as part of the KYC process.
• SEBI directed market intermediaries to upload completed KYC records to KYC Registration Agencies (KRAs) within 3 working days.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

India Extends USD 500 Million Line of Credit to Guyana for Road, Health and Defence Projects

• India has announced an extension of a USD 500 million Line of Credit (LoC) to Guyana to support projects in the road, healthcare and defence sectors.
• The announcement was made during a meeting between External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and Guyanese President Mohamed Irfaan Ali in Antigua and Barbuda.
• The two leaders discussed strengthening bilateral cooperation in several areas of mutual interest, including trade and investment, energy, agriculture, infrastructure development, digital technology and capacity building.

Key Highlights

• According to the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), India has already completed several development projects in Guyana. The new USD 500 million line of credit is expected to further strengthen the development partnership between the two countries.
• India and Guyana also signed three agreements to expand their cooperation.
• The agreements include:
• Supply and installation of manufacturing projects for Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs).
• Grant assistance for implementing Quick Impact Projects (QIPs).

About Guyana

• Capital: Georgetown
• President: Irfaan Ali
• Prime minister: Mark Phillips

Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly to Become Fully Paperless and Digital Under National e-Vidhan Application

• The Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly is set to become a completely paperless and digital institution before its upcoming Budget Session.
• The digitisation initiative is expected to be completed within three months.
• The project is part of the Union Government's Digital India Mission and will be implemented through the National e-Vidhan Application (NeVA) framework.
• A formal proposal for the digital transformation has been submitted to the Union Government.
• The Chhattisgarh Infotech Promotion Society (CHiPS) has been designated as the nodal agency for technical implementation.

Key Highlights

• A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) has been finalised among the Union Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs, Chhattisgarh State Government and Legislative Assembly Secretariat to integrate the Assembly into the national One Nation, One Legislative Platform network.
• Dinesh Sharma, Secretary of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly, stated that CHiPS is coordinating with the National Informatics Centre (NIC) and National Informatics Centre Services Incorporated (NICSI), a Government of India enterprise, to transform the Assembly into a fully digital House.
• Legislative proceedings have already shifted to the newly constructed, high-tech Assembly complex in Sector 19, Nava Raipur, built at an estimated cost of ₹324 crore and inaugurated on Chhattisgarh State Foundation Day in 2025.
• Under the modernisation plan, the Assembly's floor will function as an advanced e-Chamber. Every Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) will be provided with personal digital devices, including tablets installed on their desks.
• The digital system will replace physical files, printed documents and bulky question bundles used during legislative proceedings, reducing paper consumption and improving the efficiency of House operations.
• The Assembly's dedicated mobile application is also being upgraded to improve transparency and provide information about legislative proceedings to lawmakers, civil servants, media personnel and citizens.

About Chhattisgarh:

• Chief Minister: Vishnu Deo Sai
• Governor: Ramen Deka
• Capital: Raipur
• National Parks: Indravati, Kanger Valley, Guru Ghasidas National Parks
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Achanakmar, Barnawapara, Udanti Wild Buffalo, Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuaries

Karnataka Becomes India’s First State to Officially Declare a State Amphibian

• Karnataka has become the first state in India to officially declare a state amphibian, with the Malabar Tree Toad (Malenadina Mara Gantikappe) receiving the designation.
• The Karnataka Forest, Ecology and Environment Department signed the official order, declaring the Malabar Tree Toad as the state amphibian.
• The decision to designate the Malabar Tree Toad as the state amphibian and the Apis cerana (Asiatic honeybee) as the state honeybee was taken in May 2026 during the International Biodiversity Day celebrations. However, the official order for the amphibian was issued only recently.

Key Highlights

• The Malabar Tree Toad was selected because of its uniqueness and ecological importance. It is found exclusively in the Western Ghats and serves as an important indicator species for the health of Karnataka’s evergreen forests.
• It is considered the only toad species in the world capable of climbing trees and the only amphibian species listed under Schedule II of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as stated in the order.
• Kumar Pushkar, Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Wildlife), confirmed that the orders had been officially signed.
• Although Kerala announced the Purple Frog, locally known as Mahabali or the Pig-nosed Frog, as its state amphibian, it has not been officially declared. Therefore, the Malabar Tree Toad is the first officially declared state amphibian in India.
• The Malabar Tree Toad was discovered in 1876. However, no information about the species was available for the next 105 years. It was sighted again in 1980 at Ponmudi in Kerala and subsequently in 2005 in Karnataka. It was later classified as an Endangered species.
• In 2020, a citizen-backed, science-based mapping exercise recorded 160 observations of the species.
• K. V. Gururaj, a batrachologist, researcher and chair at the Srishti Manipal Institute of Art, Design and Technology, who contributed to rediscovering and protecting the species, described the declaration as a long-pending demand. A gazette notification is still awaited.
• Unlike most other amphibians, the Malabar Tree Toad has a breeding season from March to June, before the onset of the monsoon. A detailed study is underway to understand the reason behind this unusual breeding pattern.

About Karnataka:

• Chief Minister: K. Shivakumar
• Governor: Dr Sudha Yadav
• Capital: Bengaluru
• National Parks: Bandipur National Park, Bannerghatta National Park, Nagarhole (Rajiv Gandhi) National Park, Kudremukh National Park, Anshi (Kali) National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary, Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary, Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary, Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary, Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary, Sharavathi Valley Wildlife Sanctuary, Someshwara Wildlife Sanctuary, Talakaveri Wildlife Sanctuary, Ranebennur Blackbuck Wildlife Sanctuary

Supreme Court Declares National Book Trust a State Authority Under Article 12 of the Constitution

• The Supreme Court of India held that the National Book Trust (NBT) qualifies as a ‘State’ under Article 12 of the Constitution, as the Central Government exercises deep and pervasive control over its functioning.
• The ruling means that the National Book Trust falls within the scope of authorities against which individuals can seek enforcement of their Fundamental Rights through courts, including High Courts and the Supreme Court.

Key Highlights

• A bench comprising Justices Prashant Kumar Mishra and Augustine George Masih dismissed an appeal filed by the Chairman of the National Book Trust, India, and another appellant against a 2012 judgment of the Delhi High Court Full Bench.
• The High Court had held that NBT was an instrumentality of the State.
• The Supreme Court observed that the government's control over NBT must be assessed through its cumulative involvement rather than any single factor.
• This control extends to the Trust's creation, governing structure, appointment of its principal functionary, executive and financial administration, audit, reporting and approval of changes to its governing framework.
• The Court held that NBT is financially, functionally and administratively dominated by or under the control of the Government, with such control being specific to the institution and pervasive in nature.
• The judgment clarified that the government's involvement in NBT goes beyond ordinary regulatory supervision and therefore brings the Trust within the meaning of ‘other authorities’ under Article 12 of the Constitution.
• Establishment of NBT: The National Book Trust was established through Government of India resolutions dated 15 June 1957 and 28 September 1962 to promote good literature and make books available to the public at affordable prices.
• Under NBT's governing rules, its Chairman is appointed by the Central Government and holds office at its pleasure. Government representatives also play an important role in the Executive Committee, which exercises administrative, managerial and decision-making powers.
• A representative of the Ministry of Finance serves as the financial adviser to the Trust. NBT is also required to submit its annual reports and audited accounts to the Central Government, demonstrating the extent of governmental financial oversight.
• The Supreme Court relied on earlier judicial precedents, including the Ajay Hasia case, and reiterated that an institution can be treated as a State under Article 12 when the government exercises pervasive financial, functional and administrative control over it.

Chhattisgarh’s Gomarda Wildlife Sanctuary to Receive 50 Blackbucks After Five Decades

• Gomarda Wildlife Sanctuary in Chhattisgarh will receive 50 blackbucks after a gap of more than five decades.
• The animals will be relocated from Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary to restore the blackbuck population in the region.
• Located in Sarangarh Tehsil, Raigarh district, Chhattisgarh, Gomarda Wildlife Sanctuary was notified in 1975 and is named after Gomarda village situated within its boundaries.
• It covers approximately 278 square kilometres and has a gently undulating landscape with numerous rocks and boulders.
• The Laat and Manai rivers flow through the sanctuary's core area, providing a year-round water source for wildlife, particularly during the dry summer months.

Key Highlights

• The sanctuary has Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests, with tall trees, bamboo patches and open grasslands. Its major vegetation includes Sal, Bija, Tendu and bamboo.
• Important wildlife species found in the sanctuary include spotted deer, Chinkara, wild buffalo, tiger, leopard, Nilgiri, Sambar, Gaur, Chausingha, Muntjac, barking deer, wild boar, sloth bear, Dhole (wild dog) and jackal. Its avian fauna includes Jungle fowl, Hill Myna, Wood Peacock, Green Pigeon, quails, parrots, storks and Grey Partridges.
• Blackbuck (Scientific Name: Antilope cervicapra) is a medium-sized antelope belonging to the Bovidae family and is the only living member of the genus Antilope.
• Blackbucks are native to the Indian subcontinent, with approximately 90% of their population found in India. They mainly inhabit open grasslands, bushlands, scrublands and dry thorn habitats. In India, they are widely distributed across Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Odisha, as well as other parts of peninsular India.
• Blackbuck is the State Animal of Punjab, Haryana and Andhra Pradesh.
• Blackbucks have slender bodies and distinctive spiralling horns. Horns are generally found only in males, are ringed at the base and can have up to four turns.
•  Adult males have dark-coloured coats, while females are lighter in colour and usually lack horns. Young males and females are generally yellowish-brown.
• They have excellent eyesight and are fast runners, which help them escape predators. They possess pointed and delicate hooves and are social animals that generally live in herds of 5 to 50 individuals.
• Conservation Status: Least Concern under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

Bhutan Constructs 108 Buddhist Stupas in Nine Hours and Dedicates the 76th Stupa to PM Narendra Modi

• Bhutan's King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck dedicated Chorten No. 76, one of the 108 Buddhist stupas (Jangchub Chortens) constructed in a nine-hour construction drive, to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 1 November 2026.
• The dedication recognised India's support for Bhutan's Gelephu Mindfulness City (GMC)
• Around 40,000 trained volunteers participated in constructing the 108 Buddhist stupas between 3:00 AM and 12:00 noon, completing the task in nine hours.
• Gelephu Mindfulness City (GMC) is an ambitious urban development project envisioned by King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck.
• GMC aims to develop a global economic hub based on mindfulness, well-being, sustainability and cultural integrity.
• Gelephu Mindfulness City is located in southern Bhutan, bordering Assam, India, near Assam's Chirang district.
• GMC covers approximately 4,046 square kilometres, representing around 10% of Bhutan's total geographical area.
• GMC was established through a Royal Charter in February 2024 as a Special Administrative Region (SAR).
• The city has special governance arrangements, including executive and legislative powers and an independent judiciary, under the direct guidance of the King of Bhutan.
• The construction of the 108 stupas was intended to establish the spiritual foundation of Gelephu Mindfulness City.

Dubai Introduces World's First City-Led Tourism Loyalty Programme, ‘Dubai Access Club’, for Frequent Visitors

• Dubai Crown Prince Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum announced the launch of the Dubai Access Club, described as the world's first city-led, invitation-only tourism loyalty programme for repeat visitors.
• The Dubai Access Club aims to strengthen Dubai's relationship with frequent international visitors by offering exclusive experiences, personalised services and special benefits.
• Membership is available only through selected corporate, tourism and hospitality partners.
• The programme offers a five-year multiple-entry visa, allowing members to stay in Dubai for up to 90 days at a time within a one-year period.
• Members will also receive a free SIM card and AED 2,000 credit to spend at selected hotels, attractions and retail outlets.
• The membership and visa application fee for the Dubai Access Club is AED 4,032.50.
• Applications under the programme will be reviewed by the General Directorate of Residency and Foreigners Affairs (GDRFA), Dubai.
• Dubai also introduced a facility allowing tourists to apply for single-entry and multiple-entry tourist visas directly through Visit Dubai, the city's official tourism website.
• The visa facility is part of the Shared Digital Channels Initiative, which aims to integrate more government services into digital tourism platforms.
• GDRFA Dubai is responsible for assessing tourist visa applications and issuing visas through the platform.
• Both initiatives are scheduled for implementation in November 2026.
• The initiatives support the Dubai Economic Agenda (D33), which aims to position Dubai among the world's top three global destinations for business and leisure and double its economy by 2033.
• Dubai recorded nearly 90% hotel occupancy in August 2026, highlighting the strength of its tourism sector.
• A previous initiative offering discounts to Dubai residents who invited friends and family to visit received more than 90,000 applications before closing in September 2026.

Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority Enables Trial Shipment of 1.5 Metric Tonnes of Arunachal Pradesh Kiwi to Dubai

• The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) facilitated the trial export of 5 metric tonnes (MT) of kiwi from Ziro, Arunachal Pradesh, to Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).
• APEDA operates under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India.
• The exported kiwi consignment successfully reached Dubai and was showcased at LuLu Hypermarket, Al Qusais, Dubai, for retail-level market assessment.
• The initiative was undertaken under the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (MDoNER) to promote Arunachal Pradesh's kiwi sector.
• The branding initiative for the project is “Kiwi: USP of Arunachal Pradesh”.
• The initiative was implemented in collaboration with the Department of Trade & Commerce and the Department of Horticulture, Government of Arunachal Pradesh.
• The major kiwi varieties cultivated in Arunachal Pradesh include Hayward, Monty, Allison and Bruno, with the Hayward variety showing good demand in international markets.
• The initiative aims to connect local kiwi growers with international markets, develop stronger market linkages and create additional export opportunities.
• Consumer tasting and feedback at LuLu Hypermarket will help assess the fruit's international market acceptance, demand, quality expectations, packaging and presentation requirements.
• The trial export aims to improve farmers' income and returns by expanding horticultural exports and creating additional sales channels.
• The initiative supports the promotion of Northeastern India's agricultural and horticultural products in international markets through export diversification.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS

Edmund Richardson Wins 2026 Baillie Gifford Prize for Non-Fiction for Biography of Alexander the Great

• Edmund Richardson, Professor of Classics at Durham University, England, has won the prestigious 2026 Baillie Gifford Prize for Non-Fiction for his book Alexander: God, King, Man.
• The award, carrying a cash prize of £50,000 (approximately USD 67,000), was presented at a ceremony in London, United Kingdom.
• The book is an immersive biography of Alexander the Great, the ancient Macedonian ruler and military conqueror. It is the first work on ancient history to win the Baillie Gifford Prize.

Key Highlights

• Kirsty Lang, a British journalist who chaired the judging panel, praised the book for its engaging narrative, describing it as a work that reads like a novel and takes readers into Alexander's military campaigns across Central Asia and Egypt.
• The biography incorporates extensive new research, including Richardson's translations of historical sources from 12 ancient languages.
• Richardson spent approximately 10 years researching Alexander's life, describing the process as a lengthy journey involving extensive historical investigation.
• Alexander inherited a debt-ridden Macedonian kingdom at the age of 20, conquered territories extending from Greece to India, and died at the age of 32.
• Richardson noted that Alexander was not known as "Alexander the Great" during his lifetime. Initially viewed as a less prominent successor to his father, he later achieved extraordinary military conquests.
• His campaigns facilitated the exchange of knowledge, ideas, religious beliefs, science, astronomy and art across regions, including Babylon, Greece, modern-day Afghanistan, Egypt and Italy.
• The prize judges described the book as "a love letter to the humanities and the work of historians and archaeologists", highlighting the importance of historical research at a time when humanities disciplines face pressure from university funding cuts in the United Kingdom and other regions.

45th Sharjah International Book Fair 2026 Announces International and Emirati Literary Award Winners

• The 45th Sharjah International Book Fair (SIBF) 2026 honoured international writers, publishers and literary contributors across various award categories, highlighting the growing international reach of the event.
• Sheikha Bodour bint Sultan Al Qasimi, Chairperson of the Sharjah Book Authority (SBA), presented the awards at a ceremony held at Expo Centre Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
• Marcia Hutchinson won the Best International Fiction Book Award for The Mercy Step, published by Cassava Republic Press.
• Nirmala Lakshman received the Best International Non-Fiction Book Award for The Tamils: A Portrait of a Community, published by Aleph Book Company Pvt. Ltd.

Key Highlights

• The awards received a total of 3,018 submissions across various categories, marking an increase over the previous edition.
• The Sharjah Award for Emirati Book categories recorded the sharpest growth, with entries increasing from 184 in 2025 to 380 in 2026.
• Submissions for the Sharjah Award for the Best Arabic Novel increased from 1,339 in 2025 to 1,593 in 2026.
• The Best International Book category received 1,045 entries in 2026, compared with 454 entries in 2025.
• Ahmed bin Rakkad Al Ameri, Chief Executive Officer of the Sharjah Book Authority, attended the ceremony along with writers, publishers and cultural and media representatives.
• Among the Emirati winners:
• Maryam Al Zarouni received the Best Emirati Novel Award for Years of the Maghreb: Marginal Notes from the Biography of the Stranger, published by the Abu Dhabi Arabic Language Centre.
• Sorour Khalifa Al Kaabi won the Best Emirati Academic Book Award for A Glossary of Classical Words in the Colloquial Speech of the Emirati People, published by Nabti Publishing House.
• Dr Shihab Ghanem received the Best Creative Literature Book (Poetry) Award for Al Makhad Fi Wadi Abqar, published by Metaverse Press FZC.
• Saleh Al Bahar won the Best Emirati First Novel Award for The Moaning of the Flute, published by the Sharjah Department of Culture.
• The Sharjah Award for the Best Arabic Novel was presented to Antoine Douaihy for Al Shitaa Al Kabeer, published by Arab Scientific Publishers.
• Publishing houses were also recognised for their contributions to the book industry:
• Best Local Publishing House: Al Qasimi Publications.
• Best Arabic Publishing House: Arab Institute for Research and Publishing, Lebanon.
• Best International Publishing House: Sonia Draga Publishing House, Poland.
• Graduates of the 2026 Launch Track programme were also recognised for their contribution to emerging publishing and cultural ventures. The programme supports new entrepreneurs in establishing publishing houses and sustainable cultural initiatives.
• The Launch Track is part of the Sharjah Publishing Sustainability Fund (Onshur), which helps emerging publishers develop their projects and build long-term growth opportunities.
• Graduates representing 16 publishing and cultural industry projects were honoured, highlighting the importance of entrepreneurship in developing a sustainable publishing ecosystem.
• Sheikha Bodour also recognised the sponsors and partners of the 45th edition for supporting the fair's cultural, professional and public programmes:
• Official Telecommunications Partner: Etisalat.
• Official Media Partner: Sharjah Broadcasting Authority.
• Banking Partner: Bank of Sharjah.
• Financial Services Partner: Equiti.
• Development Partner: SAS.
• Knowledge Partner: Trends Research and Advisory.
• Strategic Partner: Expo Centre Sharjah.
• Other recognised partners: Omeir Travel Agency and National Prints.

Filipino Engineer Aldrei Ong Wins 2026 James Dyson Award Global Sustainability Prize for Earthquake Damage Detection Sensor

• Aldrei Ong, a Filipino structural engineer and graduate of De La Salle University, Philippines, has won the 2026 James Dyson Award Global Sustainability Prize for developing Sentinel, a sensor-based technology that detects hidden damage in concrete structures after earthquakes.
• The award was announced and carries a prize of £30,000 to support further development of the invention.

Key Highlights

• Sentinel is designed to identify internal cracks and structural damage that may not be visible from the outside but could make buildings unsafe and increase the risk of collapse.
• The technology is built into a concrete spacer block, a component commonly used in construction to maintain the correct position of reinforcing steel. This allows the sensor to be incorporated into new reinforced concrete buildings without requiring an additional structural component.
• Sentinel uses self-sensing concrete, which contains conductive materials that allow electricity to pass through it. When cracks or other damage develop, the electrical resistance of the concrete changes.
• Electrodes embedded in the spacer block connect the sensor to a small electronic module. The module compares the measured electrical resistance with the original reading and identifies significant changes that may indicate structural damage.
• When a significant change is detected, the information is transmitted wirelessly to an online dashboard, enabling engineers to monitor a building's condition remotely and track changes over time.
• Ong developed Sentinel during his master's research on self-sensing concrete. Over more than a year, he conducted experiments involving more than 125 concrete samples to study the material's response to pressure, loading and cracking.
• According to Voice News Weekly, the 2026 James Dyson Award received a record 2,294 entries from 28 countries and regions.
• Ong stated that receiving the Global Sustainability Prize strengthened his confidence to continue developing Sentinel and work towards improving building safety.

Uttarakhand Police Becomes 16th Police Force in India to Receive the President’s Colour

• Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation Amit Shah presented the President’s Colour to the Uttarakhand Police in Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
• Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami and other dignitaries attended the ceremony.
• With this recognition, Uttarakhand Police has become the 16th police force in India to receive the President’s Colour, one of the highest honours awarded to a police force for its distinguished service.
• Amit Shah congratulated the police personnel and described the recognition as a moment of pride for serving, retired and former officers and personnel who have contributed to the force over the past 25 years since the formation of Uttarakhand.

Key Highlights

• The Uttarakhand Police follows the guiding principles of “Karm, Satyam, Shauryam”, which represent duty, truth and valour. These principles have become the foundation of its service and professional conduct.
• Uttarakhand, known as Devbhoomi, attracts tourists and pilgrims through its snow-covered mountains, lakes, forests, elephant safaris and the origins of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers. Important pilgrimage destinations include Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri, Yamunotri, Hemkund Sahib, Kumbh Mela, Char Dham Yatra and Kainchi Dham.
• Before receiving the President’s Colour, 206 Uttarakhand Police personnel had made the supreme sacrifice in the line of duty. Amit Shah paid tribute to them and acknowledged the dedication, discipline, courage, professionalism and commitment of serving personnel.
• Since its formation, Uttarakhand Police has expanded from approximately 13,000 personnel to more than 26,000 personnel.
• The force has played an important role in responding to natural disasters, including forest fires, landslides and tunnel accidents.
• Its personnel, serving in the regular police force and the State Disaster Response Force (SDRF), have participated in several rescue and relief operations.
• Uttarakhand Police demonstrated exceptional courage during the rescue of workers trapped in the Silkyara tunnel and during disasters at Dharali, Tharali, Syanchatti and Maldevta.
• The force also provides assistance in remote areas, where police personnel and the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) are often among the first responders.
• To address migration from villages located in mountainous and border areas, the Central Government launched the Vibrant Villages Programme under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• Uttarakhand Police is working alongside the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) to support the programme. As a result, at least 50 villages have witnessed resettlement instead of continued migration.
• Amit Shah stated that Uttarakhand has made significant progress in implementing the new criminal laws (Naveen Nyay Sanhitas).
• The state police has been directed to complete the process of securing convictions within three years for accused persons in cases involving First Information Reports (FIRs) registered after May 2027.
• Uttarakhand Police secured the top position nationally with a score of 93.46 on the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS)/Inter-Operable Criminal Justice System (ICJS) 2.0 Dashboard.
• He recalled that he had declared India Naxal-free in Parliament on March 30, 2026, while emphasising that continued vigilance was necessary.
• He identified drug trafficking as another major challenge and stated that the Central Government aims to make India completely drug-free by December 31, 2029.
• Uttarakhand Police has become the first state police force in India to successfully scale Mount Everest, the world's highest peak.
• The force has also won 37 medals at the World Police and Fire Games. Amit Shah encouraged the personnel to secure the top position in the medal tally and break previous records at the next edition, scheduled to be held in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

India and Myanmar Launch First Joint Tri-Services Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Exercise ‘RAHAT MITRA’

• India and Myanmar commenced their maiden bilateral Tri-Services Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) Exercise, named Exercise RAHAT MITRA, on 5 November 2026 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
• The exercise is being conducted from 5 to 6 November 2026 under the coordination of the Indian Navy.
• The theme of the exercise is “Together for Humanity, Stronger through Partnership.”
• More than 300 personnel from the Army, Navy and Air Force of both India and Myanmar are participating in the exercise.
• The exercise aims to strengthen bilateral defence cooperation, build mutual trust and enhance interoperability between the armed forces of both countries in Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations.
• It provides a platform for professional exchanges, sharing operational experiences and improving coordination during natural disasters and humanitarian emergencies.
• The exercise is coordinated under the aegis of the Indian Navy.
• RAHAT MITRA reflects India's commitment to its Neighbourhood First Policy and its broader strategic vision of MAHASAGAR.
• MAHASAGAR stands for Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions.
• The exercise aims to strengthen regional cooperation and promote peace, stability and coordinated humanitarian assistance during times of crisis.

About Myanmar :

• President : Min Aung Hlaing
• Capital : Naypyidaw
• Currency : Myanmar kyat

Indian Air Force’s Software Development Institute Signs Memorandum of Agreement with Indian Institute of Technology Madras and IITM Pravartak to Develop Indigenous Secure Airborne Communication System

• The Software Development Institute (SDI) of the Indian Air Force (IAF) signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) with IIT Madras and IITM Pravartak Technologies Foundation to jointly design and develop an indigenous Digital Communication System for Airborne Applications.
• The collaboration aims to develop advanced algorithms for communication systems and networking for airborne applications.
• The MoA was signed by Air Vice Marshal Sarabjit Singh, Commandant of SDI, and M. J. Shankar Raman, CEO of IITM Pravartak Technologies Foundation.
• The signing ceremony was held in the presence of V. Kamakoti, Director of IIT Madras.
• The project aims to reduce India's dependence on imported communication systems and strengthen the operational efficiency of the Indian Air Force.
• The initiative supports the Government of India's Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) vision by promoting indigenous defence technology development.

Indian Navy Welcomes INS Sudarshini After Successful Completion of Lokayan 26 Expedition

• The Indian Navy accorded a ceremonial welcome to INS Sudarshini at Kochi on 2 November 2026, following the successful completion of Lokayan 26, a 10-month transoceanic sailing expedition.
• Lokayan 26 was flagged off from Kochi on 20 January 2026 and covered more than 22,000 nautical miles across the oceans.
• The expedition included 17 distinct port calls in 11 countries across Asia, Europe, Africa and North America.
• The ship participated in the Escale à Sète maritime heritage festival in France and SAIL 250 and the International Naval Review as part of commemorative events in the United States.
• The expedition involved two transatlantic crossings, showcasing the Indian Navy's long-distance ocean-sailing capabilities.
• During the transatlantic passage, INS Sudarshini covered 2,200 nautical miles in 19 days exclusively under sail, marking the longest distance covered exclusively under sail during the expedition.
• The expedition promoted international maritime cooperation through professional interactions, training exchanges and cross-training activities with the Royal Moroccan Navy, Portuguese Navy, Italian Navy, Egyptian Navy and Spanish Navy.
• The Flag-in Ceremony at Kochi was presided over by Vice Admiral Sameer Saxena, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief (FOC-in-C), Southern Naval Command.
• INS Sudarshini served as an ambassador of India's maritime heritage and goodwill through international port visits and interactions with the Indian diaspora.
• The deployment reflected India's maritime vision of MAHASAGAR (Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions) and the principle of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (The World Is One Family).
• The expedition's primary objective was sail training, providing young officer trainees with practical experience in ocean navigation, watchkeeping, sail handling, rigging, meteorological assessment and shipboard operations.

Indian Navy Receives Indigenous Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft ‘Amini’

• The Indian Navy received ‘Amini’, the fifth of the eight Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts (ASW-SWCs), on 5 November 2026.
• The warship was indigenously designed and built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata, a Defence Public Sector Undertaking (PSU).
• Amini was delivered to the Indian Navy at Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
• The ASW-SWCs were designed and constructed according to the classification rules of the Indian Register of Shipping (IRS).
• The vessel is equipped with Lightweight Torpedoes, Indigenous Anti-Submarine Rocket Launchers, Sonars and an Advanced Combat Management System to detect, track and engage underwater threats.
• The warship strengthens the Indian Navy's anti-submarine warfare, coastal surveillance and mine-laying capabilities.
• Amini is named after Amini Island in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep.
• The ship continues the legacy of the erstwhile INS Amini, a Petya III-class Anti-Submarine Warfare Corvette, which was decommissioned in 2002.
• The vessel measures approximately 6 metres in length and has a shallow draught of approximately 2.7 metres, making it suitable for littoral and shallow-water operations.
• The warship is powered by marine diesel engines coupled with waterjets, providing enhanced agility and manoeuvrability.
• The ASW-SWC project incorporates approximately 88% indigenous content, while the initial delivery announcement highlighted over 80% Indigenous Content, reflecting India's growing domestic defence manufacturing capabilities.
• The ship is also equipped with a 30 mm naval surface gun manufactured by GRSE.
• The delivery supports the Government of India's Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative and the Indian Navy's efforts to reduce dependence on imported defence equipment.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Pakistan Successfully Conducts First Flight Test of Domestically Developed Fa’az Air-to-Air Missile

• Pakistan successfully conducted the first flight test of its indigenously developed Fa’az Air-to-Air Missile from a JF-17 Thunder multirole fighter aircraft.
• The test marks a significant step towards strengthening Pakistan's indigenous missile development, defence manufacturing and defence self-reliance.
• The Fa’az missile is equipped with an advanced terminal guidance system designed to track, home in on and engage fast-moving hostile aircraft during the final phase of flight.
• According to Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), the missile has an extended-range engagement capability that is expected to enhance the operational flexibility of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF).
• The missile is designed to strengthen both the offensive and defensive air combat capabilities of the Pakistan Air Force.
• The indigenous missile aims to reduce Pakistan's dependence on imported air-to-air missile systems and strengthen its defence preparedness, particularly during crises.
• President Asif Ali Zardari, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and Army Chief Field Marshal Syed Asim Munir congratulated the nation and the teams involved in the missile test.
• The development follows Pakistan's test launch of an extended-range version of the Fatah-2 hypersonic ballistic missile in October 2026.

About Pakistan :

• Capital :
• Currency: Pakistani Rupee (PKR).

Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Introduces ‘Network Anubhav’ Dashboard to Assess Telecom Network Performance

• The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), under the Ministry of Communications, launched the ‘Network Anubhav Platform’, a geospatial and analytical dashboard integrating consumer-generated telecom test data with TRAI’s Independent Drive Test (IDT) data.
• The platform aims to improve transparency in telecom network performance and help consumers, Telecom Service Providers (TSPs) and TRAI assess service quality using location-specific network data.
• The platform integrates consumer-generated test results from TRAI’s MySpeed and MyCall applications along with Independent Drive Test (IDT)
• The interactive geospatial dashboard enables consumers to compare network coverage, internet speeds, call quality and service-provider performance across different locations and technologies.
• Users can view test results for cellular and fixed broadband services, categorised by service provider and technology, including download and upload speeds.
• The platform provides interactive maps, location-based filters, legends, supporting tables and downloadable reports to help users analyse telecom network performance.
• The platform displays percentile-based test results, including P50 (Median Speed), where 50% of tests record speeds equal to or higher than the displayed value.
• P80 indicates that 80% of mobile broadband tests recorded speeds equal to or higher than the displayed value.
• P90 indicates that 90% of fixed broadband tests recorded speeds equal to or higher than the displayed value.
• These percentile values are based on user-generated tests and do not represent a comprehensive assessment of network quality under standard testing methodologies.
• Through a secure interface, TSPs can access consumer test data, including call quality, network coverage, internet speeds, location, date and time, to identify areas requiring network improvements.
• TRAI can use aggregated platform insights for evidence-based monitoring of consumer experience and improving telecom network performance.
• TRAI's MySpeed Software Development Kit (SDK) allows eligible third-party applications to integrate internet speed-testing and connectivity-measurement features, increasing consumer participation and real-world network data collection.
• The platform also provides a web-based Do Not Disturb (DND) service, enabling consumers to manage preferences for commercial communications, report unsolicited commercial communications (spam), track complaints and view consolidated and service-provider-wise complaint information.

About TRAI:

• The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India was established on 20 February 1997 under the TRAI Act, 1997, and is headquartered in New Delhi, Delhi.
• The current TRAI Chairman is Anil Kumar Lahoti.

IndiaAI Mission Unveils Three Homegrown AI Foundation Models: EKA-1, Dhīr 2B and Dhīr 5B

• The IndiaAI Mission, under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), released three indigenous Artificial Intelligence (AI) foundation models, namely EKA-1, Dhīr 2B and Dhīr 5B, under the IndiaAI Innovation Centre (Foundation Models)
• The three AI models were developed by Soket Labs Technology and Research Private Limited and ZenteiQ AI Tech Innovations.
• The models were unveiled in New Delhi, Delhi, in the presence of Krishnan, Secretary, MeitY.
• The development of these models was supported by subsidised national AI computing infrastructure, research funding under the IndiaAI Mission and access to AIKosh, which provides AI resources to researchers, students, innovators and the public.
• EKA-1 is an open, sparse hybrid language model with 3 billion parameters, trained on 7.5 trillion tokens.
• EKA-1 supports all 22 Scheduled Indian Languages and English, with advanced capabilities in mathematics, coding, reasoning and agentic AI.
• Dhīr 2B and Dhīr 5B are compact, open-source AI models supporting English and 10 Indian languages.
• Dhīr 2B and Dhīr 5B enable secure, offline and on-premise deployment for document-based automation and knowledge retrieval across defence, government, industry and education.
• All three models support deployment across Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) and mobile devices.
• The models enable offline and on-device AI processing without cloud connectivity, ensuring greater data privacy and security.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

Mohammed Shami Announces Retirement from Test Cricket After 13-Year Career

• Indian fast bowler Mohammed Shami has announced his retirement from Test cricket, bringing an end to his 13-year career in the longest format of the game.
• Shami announced his retirement through a social media post.
• However, he will continue to represent India in One Day Internationals (ODIs) and Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is).

Key Highlights

• He concluded his Test career with 229 wickets in 64 matches, at an average of 27.71, including six five-wicket hauls.
• The 36-year-old finished as India's sixth-highest wicket-taking fast bowler in Test cricket.
• The five Indian fast bowlers ahead of him in the list are:
1. Kapil Dev
2. Zaheer Khan
3. Ishant Sharma
4. Javagal Srinath
5. Jasprit Bumrah
• With his retirement, Shami has ended his career in Test cricket while continuing to focus on representing India in the shorter formats of the game.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : OBITUARIES

Former Special Protection Group Commando and Four-Term Himachal Pradesh Member of the Legislative Assembly Nand Lal Passed away at 72

• Former Special Protection Group (SPG) commando and four-time Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from Rampur, Himachal Pradesh (HP), Nand Lal, associated with the Indian National Congress (INC), passed away at the age of 72 in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.

About Nand Lal :

• Nand Lal was born on 16 April 1954 in Devthi village, Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh.
• He began his career with the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) in 1980 and joined the Special Protection Group (SPG) in 1985, serving until 1997.
• He was part of the security detail of Sonia Gandhi and was popularly known as “Sonia’s Sentinel”.
• He represented the Rampur Assembly constituency for four consecutive terms after winning the 2007, 2012, 2017 and 2022 Himachal Pradesh Assembly elections on a Congress ticket.
• He served as Chief Parliamentary Secretary (CPS) from 2013 to 2017 and chaired the Seventh Himachal Pradesh State Finance Commission from 2024 until his demise.
• He also served on various Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly committees.
• He received commendation certificates from former Prime Ministers Rajiv Gandhi and Chandra Shekhar for his security services.
• He was awarded the President’s Police Medal for Meritorious Service in 2001 and the President’s Police Medal for Distinguished Service for his contribution to public service.

Daily CA One- Liner: November 8 & 9

• India has announced an extension of a USD 500 million Line of Credit (LoC) to Guyana to support projects in the road, healthcare and defence sectors
• The Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly is set to become a completely paperless and digital institution before its upcoming Budget Session
• Karnataka has become the first state in India to officially declare a state amphibian, with the Malabar Tree Toad (Malenadina Mara Gantikappe) receiving the designation
• The Supreme Court of India held that the National Book Trust (NBT) qualifies as a ‘State’ under Article 12 of the Constitution, as the Central Government exercises deep and pervasive control over its functioning
• Gomarda Wildlife Sanctuary in Chhattisgarh will receive 50 blackbucks after a gap of more than five decades
• Edmund Richardson, Professor of Classics at Durham University, England, has won the prestigious 2026 Baillie Gifford Prize for Non-Fiction for his book Alexander: God, King, Man
• The 45th Sharjah International Book Fair (SIBF) 2026 honoured international writers, publishers and literary contributors across various award categories, highlighting the growing international reach of the event
• Aldrei Ong, a Filipino structural engineer and graduate of De La Salle University, Philippines, has won the 2026 James Dyson Award Global Sustainability Prize for developing Sentinel, a sensor-based technology that detects hidden damage in concrete structures after earthquakes.
• Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation Amit Shah presented the President’s Colour to the Uttarakhand Police in Dehradun, Uttarakhand
• Indian fast bowler Mohammed Shami has announced his retirement from Test cricket, bringing an end to his 13-year career in the longest format of the game.
• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) revised the norms for unhedged positions in rupee-linked currency derivatives on 5 November 2026, aligning them with the revised framework of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
• NSE International Exchange (NSEIX), located in GIFT City, Gujarat, extended its overall market trading hours to 23 hours and 30 minutes, effective 2 November 2026.
• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) formed an 18-member Working Group (WG) to review the regulatory framework governing the Innovators Growth Platform (IGP) under the SEBI (Issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2018 (ICDR Regulations).
• Bhutan's King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck dedicated Chorten No. 76, one of the 108 Buddhist stupas (Jangchub Chortens) constructed in a nine-hour construction drive, to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 1 November 2026.
• Dubai Crown Prince Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum announced the launch of the Dubai Access Club, described as the world's first city-led, invitation-only tourism loyalty programme for repeat visitors.
• The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) facilitated the trial export of 5 metric tonnes (MT) of kiwi from Ziro, Arunachal Pradesh, to Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).
• India and Myanmar commenced their maiden bilateral Tri-Services Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) Exercise, named Exercise RAHAT MITRA, on 5 November 2026 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
• The Software Development Institute (SDI) of the Indian Air Force (IAF) signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) with IIT Madras and IITM Pravartak Technologies Foundation to jointly design and develop an indigenous Digital Communication System for Airborne Applications.
• The Indian Navy accorded a ceremonial welcome to INS Sudarshini at Kochi on 2 November 2026, following the successful completion of Lokayan 26, a 10-month transoceanic sailing expedition.
• The Indian Navy received ‘Amini’, the fifth of the eight Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts (ASW-SWCs), on 5 November 2026.
• Pakistan successfully conducted the first flight test of its indigenously developed Fa’az Air-to-Air Missile from a JF-17 Thunder multirole fighter aircraft.
• The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), under the Ministry of Communications, launched the ‘Network Anubhav Platform’, a geospatial and analytical dashboard integrating consumer-generated telecom test data with TRAI’s Independent Drive Test (IDT) data.
• The IndiaAI Mission, under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), released three indigenous Artificial Intelligence (AI) foundation models, namely EKA-1, Dhīr 2B and Dhīr 5B, under the IndiaAI Innovation Centre (Foundation Models)
• Former Special Protection Group (SPG) commando and four-time Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from Rampur, Himachal Pradesh (HP), Nand Lal, associated with the Indian National Congress (INC), passed away at the age of 72 in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.