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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Reserve Bank of India Revokes Registration of 35 Non-Banking Financial Companies Over Regulatory Violations

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) exercised powers under Section 45-IA(6) of the RBI Act, 1934 to cancel the Certificate of Registration (CoR) of 35 Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) for non-compliance with regulatory requirements, with effect from December 9 to 31, 2025.
• Following the cancellation, these entities are barred from carrying on the business of Non-Banking Financial Institutions (NBFIs) as defined under Section 45-I(a) of the RBI Act, 1934.
• Additionally, 16 NBFCs voluntarily surrendered their CoR to the RBI, leading to cancellation due to strategic and operational reasons.

Key Highlights :

• The RBI noted that most of the cancelled NBFCs are concentrated in Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR), with only a limited number located outside this region.
• Major Delhi/NCR-based NBFCs whose CoR was cancelled include AG Securities, ALB Leasing & Finance, ATM Credit & Investments, Corporate Capital Services India, Decisive Finance, Divine Investments, Liberty Sales, Pearls Hire Purchase Corporation, Quasar India Fincap, Sunlife Securities, Sunrise Manufacturing Co, Swito Finance & Estates, and Triveni Vinimay.
• Outside the NCR, notable NBFCs include Shivom Investment & Consultancy Ltd (Mumbai, Maharashtra) and Satya Prakash Capital Investment Ltd (Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh).
• Among the 16 NBFCs that surrendered their CoR, 8 belong to the business exit category, 3 met the criteria of unregistered Core Investment Companies (CICs), and 5 exited due to corporate restructuring.
• NBFCs exiting business include Dharmesh Stock Broking Pvt. Ltd (Mumbai), Millennium Holdings Pvt. Ltd (Kolkata), Celestial Consultants Pvt. Ltd (Kolkata), Damayanti Finance & Properties Pvt. Ltd (Chennai), Liquid Paper Finserve Pvt. Ltd (Delhi), Peerless Financial Services Ltd (Kolkata), Park Avenue Engineering Ltd (Mumbai), and Arvind Overseas Project Services Pvt. Ltd (Delhi).
• NBFCs meeting CIC criteria include Shyam Basic Infrastructure Projects Pvt. Ltd (Jaipur), Shruti Finsec Pvt. Ltd (Kanpur), and Sita Investment Company Ltd (Raipur).
• NBFCs affected by corporate restructuring through merger, amalgamation, dissolution, or voluntary strike-off include Edelweiss Retail Finance Ltd (Mumbai), Super Commodities Pvt. Ltd, Silfix Tradelink Pvt. Ltd, Sakthi Traders Pvt. Ltd, and Yaduka Financial Services Ltd (all based in Kolkata, West Bengal).
• An NBFC is a financial institution registered under the Companies Act, 1956 or 2013, engaged in loans and advances and in the acquisition of shares, stocks, bonds, debentures, and government securities.
• NBFCs are regulated by the RBI under the provisions of the RBI Act, 1934, and cannot commence business without obtaining CoR as mandated under Section 45-IA.
• At present, NBFCs must maintain a minimum Net Owned Fund (NOF) of ₹10 crore, which may be higher depending on the specific category of NBFC.
• Unlike banks, NBFCs are not permitted to accept demand deposits, are not part of the RBI’s Payment and Settlement System (PSS), and their depositors do not receive deposit insurance cover from the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC).
• Based on activities, NBFCs are classified into Investment and Credit Companies (ICC), Housing Finance Companies (HFC), Infrastructure Finance Companies (IFC), Infrastructure Debt Fund–NBFCs (IDF-NBFC), and Core Investment Companies (CIC).
• Based on liabilities, NBFCs are further categorised into Deposit-Taking NBFCs and Non-Deposit-Taking NBFCs.

Reserve Bank of India Proposes Mandatory 3-Year Cooling-Off Period for Co-operative Bank Directors After 10 Years

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has proposed amendments to the Governance Directions, 2025 for Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) and State/Central Co-operative Banks, introducing a mandatory cooling-off period for directors.
• The proposal aims to prevent circumvention of tenure limits, as RBI observed instances where directors resigned briefly and re-entered boards through re-election or co-option, defeating the intent of the Banking Regulation Act.
• The existing framework prescribes a maximum continuous tenure of 10 years for directors, effective from June 2020 for UCBs and April 2021 for State and Central Co-operative Banks, which was enhanced from 8 years to 10 years in August 2025.
• As per the proposed amendment, a director completing 10 years on a bank’s board can be reappointed only after a cooling-off period of three years, irrespective of the mode of appointment.
• During the three-year cooling-off period, the individual cannot be associated with the same bank in any capacity, except as a member or customer, though they may serve on the board of another bank.
• For the purpose of calculating “continuous tenure,” any interruption of less than three years will still be counted as continuous service, preventing artificial breaks to reset tenure limits.

Axis Finance Launches Collateral-Free Vyapar Business Loan for Micro and Small Businesses

• Axis Finance Limited, a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC), has launched Axis Finance Vyapar Business Loan, a collateral-free credit product aimed at supporting Micro and Small Businesses (MSMEs).
• The Vyapar Business Loan specifically targets semi-urban and rural markets, enhancing access to formal credit for small entrepreneurs traditionally underserved by banks.
• Under this scheme, loans up to ₹10 lakh are offered with flexible repayment tenures and zero collateral requirement, reducing financial entry barriers for MSMEs.
• The loan is designed to empower businesses operating in the retail, service, and trading segments, helping them meet working capital and growth needs.
• Managing Director & CEO of Axis Finance : Sai Giridhar

National Statistics Office Projects 7.4% Real GDP Growth in FY26 in First Advance Estimates

• The National Statistics Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) released the First Advance Estimates (FAE) of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for FY2025-26 (FY26) at Constant (2011-12) and Current Prices.

Key Highlights :

• Real GDP is estimated to grow by 7.4% in FY26, up from 6.5% in FY25.
• Real GDP at constant prices is projected at Rs 201.90 lakh crore in FY26, against Rs 187.97 lakh crore in FY25.
• Nominal GDP growth at current prices is projected at 8% in FY26, lower than 10.4% in FY25.
• Nominal GDP is estimated at Rs 357.14 lakh crore in FY26, up from Rs 330.68 lakh crore in FY25.
• Gross Value Added (GVA) at constant prices is estimated at Rs 184.50 lakh crore in FY26, recording a growth of 7.3%, compared to Rs 171.87 lakh crore in FY25.
• Nominal GVA is estimated at Rs 323.48 lakh crore in FY26, with a growth of 7.7%, against Rs 300.22 lakh crore in FY25.
• Private Final Consumption Expenditure (PFCE) is estimated to grow at 7.0% in FY26, slightly lower than 7.2% in FY25.
• Government Final Consumption Expenditure (GFCE) is estimated at 5.2% in FY26, higher than 2.3% in FY25.
• Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) is projected at 7.8% in FY26, up from 7.1% in FY25.
• Sector-wise GVA growth at 2011-12 prices:
• Primary Sector: Estimated growth 2.7% in FY26, down from 4.4% in FY25; Agriculture & Allied Sector at 3.1% (FY26) vs 4.6% (FY25).
• Secondary Sector: Estimated growth 6.6% in FY26, up from 6.1% in FY25; Manufacturing growth 7.0% in FY26 vs 4.5% in FY25.
• Tertiary Sector: Estimated growth 9.1% in FY26, up from 7.2% in FY25; Trade, Hotels, Transport, Communication & Broadcasting Services projected at 7.5% (FY26) vs 6.1% (FY25).
• New Base Year in Progress: MoSPI is revising the National Accounts base year from FY12 to FY23, which will lead to revisions in Advance and Quarterly Estimates due to changes in methodology, data sources, and annual benchmarks.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

India to Host Inaugural India International Conference on Democracy and Election Management (IICDEM) 2026

• The Election Commission of India (ECI) will host the first India International Conference on Democracy and Election Management (IICDEM) 2026 from January 21-23, 2026 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
• Organized by the India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management (IIIDEM) under the aegis of ECI.
• Theme: “Democracy for an inclusive, peaceful, resilient and sustainable world”.
• India holds the Chairship of the Council of Member States of International IDEA for 2026.
• Nearly 100 international delegates from Election Management Bodies (EMBs) and global democracy-promoting organizations to participate.
• High-level Indian participation includes Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar and Election Commissioners Dr. Sukhbir Singh Sandhu and Dr. Vivek Joshi.
• Academic Contribution: 36 thematic groups from IITs, IIMs, NLUs, and IIMCs to deliberate on electoral technology, governance, legal frameworks, and media.
• Conference Structure: Inaugural session, EMB leaders’ plenary, working group meetings, thematic sessions, launch of ECINet, and showcasing India’s electoral innovations.
• Strategic Objectives: Strengthen democratic resilience, promote inclusive governance, ensure peace and stability, and link democracy with sustainable development.
• Bilateral Engagements: Over 40 meetings planned between ECI leadership and international EMB heads for knowledge exchange and cooperation.
• Global Significance: IICDEM 2026 is positioned as the largest international electoral conference hosted by India, promoting India as a global hub for democratic governance and election management.
• Showcase: IIIDEM Dwarka campus to demonstrate India’s capacity in training electoral professionals and sharing best practices internationally.

India Becomes First Country to Commercially Produce Bio-Bitumen

• India has become the first country in the world to commercially produce bio-bitumen for road construction.
• Announcement made by Union Minister Nitin Gadkari at the CSIR Technology Transfer Ceremony, New Delhi.
• The initiative was supported by CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) with cooperation from Union Minister Jitendra Singh (Science & Technology).
• Raw Materials: Biomass and agricultural waste, including crop residues.
• Applications: Road and highway construction, asphalt pavements.
• Reduces dependence on fossil fuels, prevents crop residue burning, lowers carbon emissions, and promotes clean and green infrastructure.
• Supports Viksit Bharat 2047 and Atma Nirbhar Bharat, strengthening indigenous scientific innovation and self-reliance.
• Traditional bitumen is petroleum-based and energy-intensive. Bio-bitumen is an eco-friendly alternative produced from agricultural waste, promoting a circular economy.
• Economic Significance: Converts crop residue into valuable construction input, reduces import dependence, and addresses air pollution challenges.
• CSIR’s Role: Developed technology from laboratory research to commercial-scale production, demonstrating practical scientific innovation for national development.
• Bio-bitumen exemplifies converting waste into economically valuable resources, contributing to sustainable infrastructure.
• Health and Environmental Impact: Reduces air pollution from stubble burning and lowers carbon footprint compared to conventional petroleum-based bitumen.
• The initiative reflects India’s commitment to sustainable, climate-resilient, and technologically advanced highway development.

Launch of ‘History That India Ignored’ – Second Edition in Goa

• Goa Chief Minister Pramod Sawant launched the second edition of the book ‘History That India Ignored’ in Panaji, Goa in January 2026.
• The book is authored by Prem Prakash, veteran journalist and Chairman of Asian News International (ANI), and was first published in April 2025 by Vitasta Publishing Private Limited.
• Highlights lesser-known aspects of India’s freedom struggle, ensuring these narratives reach students and history enthusiasts.
• Revisits India’s independence struggle from neglected perspectives, challenging mainstream historical narratives.
• Covers unsung heroes and revolutionary movements, emphasizing contributions beyond popular non-violent movements.
• Focuses on the Indian National Army (INA) led by Subhas Chandra Bose, showcasing armed resistance alongside political negotiation.
• Highlights overlooked uprisings such as Vellore Mutiny (1806) and Battle of Imphal, significant events during the freedom struggle.
• Recognizes marginalized contributors, documenting the efforts of lesser-known freedom fighters and communities.
• Reinforces the importance of comprehensive historical education and encourages a nuanced understanding of India’s independence achieved through multiple methods and narratives.
• Particularly relevant for competitive exam aspirants, covering topics frequently appearing in UPSC and state-level history exams, including INA, regional uprisings, and revolutionary movements.
• Prem Prakash, as Chairman of ANI, demonstrates commitment to factual reporting and uncovering overlooked historical truths, reflecting a dedication to presenting a multifaceted account of India’s freedom struggle.

About Goa:

• Chief Minister: Dr. Pramod Sawant
• Governor: Pusapati Ashok Gajapathi Raju
• Capital: Panaji
• National Parks: Bhagwan Mahavir National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary, Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary, Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary, Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary, Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary

Rajasthan Regional AI Impact Conference 2026 Held

• The Rajasthan Regional AI Impact Conference was held bringing together policymakers, industry experts, startups, and academia to discuss inclusive, ethical, and responsible AI.
• The event acted as a precursor to the India AI Impact Summit 2026 scheduled from 15–20 February 2026.
• AI in governance and public service delivery, infrastructure and innovation, workforce skilling and employment, and ethical AI adoption.
• Dignitaries Present: Bhajan Lal Sharma (Chief Minister, Rajasthan), Ashwini Vaishnaw (Union Minister for Electronics & IT, virtual), Jitin Prasada (MoS Electronics & IT), Rajyavardhan Rathore (Cabinet Minister IT & Communication, Rajasthan), and senior officials from MeitY and Rajasthan government.
• Key Announcement: Launch of a programme to train 1 million youth in AI skills, aiming for AI democratization across individuals, households, and enterprises.
• Jitin Prasada highlighted ₹10,000 crore investment under the mission to deploy AI in agriculture, healthcare, education, and environment, with goals to enhance income, ease of living, and national productivity.
• Major AI Initiatives:
• YUVA AI for All – National AI Literacy Program under IndiaAI Mission to build foundational AI awareness among students and youth with AI-101 self-paced course.
• iStart Learning Management System (LMS) for skill development and entrepreneurship.
• Rajasthan AVGC-XR Portal to strengthen Animation, VFX, Gaming, Comics & Extended Reality ecosystem.
• Launch of AI-themed video showcasing India and Rajasthan’s AI vision.
• MoUs Signed: Collaborations with Google, IIT Delhi, National Law University Jodhpur, and Wadhwani Foundation to enhance AI research, skilling, ethical frameworks, and innovation ecosystems.

About Rajasthan:

• Capital: Jaipur
• Governor: Haribhau Bagade
• Chief Minister: Bajan Lal Sharma
• National Parks: Ranthambhore National Park, Sariska Tiger Reserve, Keoladeo National Park (Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary), Desert National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Darrah Wildlife Sanctuary, Ranthambore Wildlife Sanctuary, Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary

India’s First Fully Paperless District Court Inaugurated in Kalpetta, Kerala

• Chief Justice of India Surya Kant virtually inaugurated India’s first fully paperless district court in Kalpetta, Wayanad, Kerala.
• The initiative marks the complete digital transformation of district judiciary operations, covering case filing to final judgment.
• Developed in-house by Kerala High Court, the system integrates Artificial Intelligence (AI) to assist judicial processes and improve efficiency.
• AI-powered case summaries, interactive Q&A for case analysis, digital annotations, voice-to-text for depositions, automated transcripts, and secure digital signatures.
• Significant reduction in clerical delays, minimized court visits, lower litigation costs, no physical file storage, instant order communication, and faster case processing.
• Online case filing, digital document uploads, AI-assisted analysis, digital hearing notices, electronic proceedings, AI-generated summaries, and secure digital judgment delivery.

About Kerala:

• Chief Minister: Pinarayi Vijayan
• Governor: Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar 
• Capital: Thiruvananthapuram
• National Parks: Eravikulam National Park, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Silent Valley National Park, Parambikulam Tiger Reserve
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary, Chilika Lake Wildlife Sanctuary

National Textiles Ministers’ Conference 2026 Held in Guwahati, Assam

• The National Textiles Ministers’ Conference 2026 was held in Guwahati, Assam.
• Organised by the Ministry of Textiles in collaboration with the Government of Assam, the conference focused on strengthening India’s textile ecosystem and aligning Centre–State strategies.
• The conference was held under the theme “India’s Textiles: Weaving Growth, Heritage & Innovation”.
• Key participants included Union Minister of Textiles Giriraj Singh, Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, Minister of State for Textiles Pabitra Margherita, along with senior officials from States and Union Territories.
• The conference aimed at positioning India as a global textile manufacturing hub by 2030, combining economic growth with cultural preservation, following the ethos “Vikas Bhi, Virasat Bhi”.
• Sessions covered critical areas including infrastructure and investment, export expansion, raw material security, technical textiles, new-age fibres, and handloom and handicraft preservation.
• PM MITRA Parks (PM Mega Integrated Textile Regions and Apparel Parks) were highlighted as a flagship initiative to integrate textile value chains, attract investment, generate employment, and enhance global competitiveness.
• The conference emphasised sustainable textile practices, environmental compliance, and development of integrated value chains.
• A special regional conclave focused on the North-Eastern Region, highlighting Eri, Muga, and Mulberry silk, bamboo-based textiles, women-led enterprises, and strategies for branding and market access.
• The conference provided a platform for Centre-State collaboration, sharing best practices, addressing policy challenges, and creating a roadmap for a competitive, sustainable, and inclusive textile sector.

About Assam:

• Chief Minister: Himanta Biswa Sarma
• Governor: Lakshman Prasad Acharya
• Capital: Dispur
• National Parks: Kaziranga National Park, Manas National Park, Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Orang National Park, Bura-Chapori Wildlife Sanctuary, Nameri Wildlife Sanctuary

National Crime Records Bureau Releases ICJS 2.0 Rankings: Uttarakhand Police Tops National List

• National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) under the Ministry of Home Affairs released the 2nd edition of Inter-Operable Criminal Justice System (ICJS) 2.0 rankings.
• Uttarakhand Police ranked 1st with a score of 93.46, showcasing strong digital policing and crime data management.
• Haryana Police ranked 2nd with 93.41, and Assam Police ranked 3rd with 93.16.
• The recognition highlights India’s push towards modernizing the criminal justice system using technology-driven platforms.
• ICJS 2.0 is a digital platform integrating Police, Courts, Prosecution, Prisons, Forensic Labs, Fingerprint & Crime Record Systems for real-time data sharing.
• Works on the principle of “One Data, One Entry” ensuring faster investigations, reduced duplication, improved accuracy and digital case tracking from FIR to conviction.
• Uttarakhand’s top rank reflects successful statewide digital integration, strong infrastructure and training of police officers, ensuring effective implementation at ground level.
• ICJS 2.0 benefits include reduced investigation time, elimination of delays, enhanced transparency, improved evidence-based investigation, secure digital records and increased public trust in justice delivery.

About Uttarakhand:

• Chief Minister: Pushkar Singh Dhami
• Governor: Gurmit Singh
• Capital: Dehradun
• National Parks: Jim Corbett National Park, Nanda Devi National Park, Rajaji National Park, Gangotri National Park, Valley of Flowers National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Askot Wildlife Sanctuary, Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary, Govind Wildlife Sanctuary, Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary, Nandi Devi Wildlife Sanctuary

Tamil Nadu Unveils India’s First Deeptech Startup Policy 2025–26

• Tamil Nadu Deep-Tech Startup Policy 2025–26 is the first dedicated policy in India for science-driven entrepreneurship, aiming to convert cutting-edge research into commercial solutions.
• ₹100 crore to support 100 deeptech startups with long-gestation, science-based innovations.
• Policy Focus: Funding, infrastructure, mentorship, and industry partnerships to nurture innovation.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI), Advanced Computing, Semiconductors, Biotechnology, Space Technologies, and Clean & Green Energy.
• The policy was launched by CM M. K. Stalin at the fourth edition of Umagine Technology Conference in Chennai, a platform connecting startups, global tech companies, investors, policymakers, and academia.
• Major MoUs and Investments Announced:
• Better Compute Works: AI data centre, ₹5,000 crore, 1,450 jobs.
• Eros GenAI: Expansion of AI R&D centre, ₹3,600 crore, 1,000 jobs.
• Phantom Digital Effects: Expansion of VFX operations, ₹100 crore, 1,000 jobs.
• Workshops and technology lectures in 60 institutions across 23 districts under Umagine DX initiative.
• Through StartupTN, 40 startups were selected to showcase innovations at Umagine and pitch to investors in Dubai, Singapore, and Sharjah, facilitated in collaboration with the Dubai World Trade Centre.
• The policy aims to position Tamil Nadu as a hub for frontier and deep science technologies, promoting high-value intellectual property, global competitiveness, and international market access for startups.

About Tamil Nadu:

• Capital: Chennai
• Chief Minister: M.K. Stalin
• Governor: R.N. Ravi
• National Parks: Mudumalai National Park, Mukurthi National Park, Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, Indira Gandhi (Anamalai) National Park, Guindy National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary, Vettangudi Bird Sanctuary, Kalakad Wildlife Sanctuary, Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary, Vallanadu Wildlife Sanctuary, Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

UN General Assembly Proclaims 2026 as International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists

• The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) declared 2026 as the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists (IYRP 2026) during its 76th session held in New York, USA.
• IYRP 2026 aims to raise global awareness about the importance of rangelands and pastoralist communities and promote sustainable management practices and secure livelihoods.
• The UNGA resolution for IYRP was adopted on 28 February 2022, initiated by Mongolia and supported by 60 UN Member States.
• The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has been designated as the lead implementing agency, working in collaboration with international and national stakeholders.
• Key objectives of IYRP 2026 include sharing traditional pastoralist knowledge, encouraging innovation, building partnerships, and supporting policy frameworks for sustainable rangelands.
• Rangelands cover nearly 50% of Earth’s land surface and support over 2 billion people and more than 50% of the world’s livestock.
• These ecosystems are crucial for biodiversity conservation, ecosystem regulation, and enhancing climate resilience, making them vital for global environmental sustainability.

United States Exits 66 Global Organisations, Including India-Led International Solar Alliance

• The United States of America (USA) announced its withdrawal from 66 international organisations, treaties, and commissions through an Executive Order (EO) 14199 and a Presidential Memorandum issued by President Donald Trump as part of the “America First” policy review.
• The decision was taken citing concerns related to national sovereignty, resource utilisation, and alignment with US strategic interests in multilateral engagements.
• The withdrawal list includes 35 non-UN organisations and 31 United Nations (UN)–affiliated bodies, reflecting a broad reassessment of international cooperation frameworks.
• Major non-UN organisations exited by the USA include the International Solar Alliance (ISA), International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
• Prominent UN-affiliated entities affected by the withdrawal include the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), UN Population Fund (UNFPA), UN Water, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and the Peacebuilding Commission.
• The USA formally exited the India–France–led International Solar Alliance (ISA), ending its participation and discontinuing approximately USD 2.1 million in financial contributions made between 2022 and 2025 toward global solar energy initiatives.
• Under the US Constitution, Senate approval is required to enter into treaties; however, it does not clearly define procedures for withdrawal, making unilateral exits legally uncertain and potentially subject to judicial challenge.

About International Solar Alliance(ISA):

• The ISA was conceptualised jointly by India and France during the 21st Conference of Parties (COP21) held in Paris, France, in 2015.
• The first Assembly of the ISA was held in October 2018 in Greater Noida, India.
• Headquarters : Gurugram, Haryana,
• Established : 2015
• Director General : Ashish Khanna

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

Indian Navy’s First Training Squadron Undertakes Long-Range Training Deployment to Southeast Asia

• The First Training Squadron (1TS) of the Indian Navy (IN) began its Long-Range Training Deployment (LRTD) to Southeast Asia as part of the 110th Integrated Officers’ Training Course (IOTC), providing real operational sea experience to naval cadets.
• Long-Range Training Deployment (LRTD) is a specialised naval training mission in which ships with cadets and trainees sail for extended durations across long distances, often entering foreign waters.
• The deployment comprises vessels from the Indian Navy (IN) and Indian Coast Guard (ICG), including INS Tir, INS Shardul, INS Sujata, and ICGS Sarathi.
• During the LRTD, trainees gain hands-on exposure in seamanship, navigation, and professional naval operations across diverse maritime environments.
• The squadron is scheduled to undertake port calls in Singapore, Indonesia, and Thailand, enabling training engagements and maritime interactions.
• The deployment strengthens India’s Act East Policy, reinforces ties with Southeast Asia, and supports the vision of a free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific.

Indian Navy Sets Up New Naval Detachment at Haldia, West Bengal

• The Indian Navy (IN) has initiated a new naval base at Haldia, West Bengal (WB) to strengthen operational presence, maritime surveillance, and rapid response capabilities in the Bay of Bengal (BOB).
• The Haldia detachment aims to enhance maritime security, coastal defence, rapid response, and protection of sea lanes amid rising extra-regional naval activity.
• The base is located on the Hooghly River near the Haldi River, approximately 130 km from the Sandheads, leveraging the Haldia Dock Complex with a jetty, admin-logistics facilities, and accommodation for around 100 personnel.
• The naval detachment will conduct coastal security, anti-piracy patrols, maritime domain awareness, humanitarian aid, disaster relief, and non-combatant evacuation operations (NEOs).
• The facility will primarily support small, high-speed warships, including Fast Interceptor Crafts (FICs) and New Water Jet Fast Attack Crafts (NWJFACs), in line with Defence Acquisition Council (DAC)-approved procurement for coastal security enhancement.
• India’s existing naval commands include the Western Naval Command (WNC) in Mumbai, Maharashtra, the Eastern Naval Command (ENC) in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, and the Southern Naval Command (SNC) for training in Kochi, Kerala.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Indian Institute of Technology Madras Unveils Indigenous 3.1 Petaflop Supercomputer ‘Param Shakti’

• Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) has launched Param Shakti, an indigenously developed supercomputing system with a computing capacity of 3.1 petaflops.
• Param Shakti can perform over 3.1 quadrillion calculations per second, placing it among India’s most powerful supercomputers.
• The supercomputer will significantly enhance advanced research in areas such as aerospace, materials science, climate modelling, drug discovery, and advanced manufacturing by drastically reducing computation time.
• Param Shakti has been built entirely in India by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) using the RUDRA server series and operates on open-source software.
• The system functions as part of the Param Rudra supercomputing cluster, supported by integrated power, cooling, and data-centre infrastructure.
• The project is funded under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM), jointly implemented by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST).

European Space Agency Officially Cancels Mars Sample Return Mission with NASA, Reshaping Planetary Exploration Plans

• The European Space Agency (ESA) has officially cancelled the Mars Sample Return Mission, a joint project with NASA, marking a major shift in planetary exploration plans.
• The cancellation was announced at ESA’s annual media briefing in Paris, following budgetary constraints on NASA after the return of Republicans under President Donald Trump in 2025.
• The mission, originally planned for the early 2030s, aimed to bring scientifically selected samples from Mars to Earth, which would have been a first-of-its-kind planetary science endeavour.
• ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher stated that Europe alone cannot afford the mission, leading ESA to reorganise its Mars exploration strategy.
• Despite the cancellation, ESA’s ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover is now scheduled for launch in 2028 and will drill up to 2 metres into Martian soil to search for signs of past or present life.
• For 2026, ESA is preparing 65 missions, including 48 Earth observation missions, with a total budget of €8.26 billion, mainly funded by Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and Spain.

Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Empanels RANext Technologies as Digital Connectivity Rating Agency for Property Infrastructure

• Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has empanelled RANext Technologies as a Digital Connectivity Rating Agency (DCRA) to assess digital infrastructure in properties.
• As a TRAI-authorised DCRA, RANext Technologies will evaluate residential, commercial, and mixed-use properties from a user-centric, real-world perspective.
• The digital connectivity assessment will cover fibre infrastructure standards, in-building connectivity, broadband performance, Wi-Fi quality, and readiness for future smart technologies.
• Properties will be rated under a standardised star-based rating system, enabling objective measurement of digital readiness and easy comparison across projects.
• The DCRA framework addresses the gap in real estate where buildings often lack structured evaluation of digital infrastructure, despite rising digital dependence.
• The initiative supports India’s digital-first economy, where reliable connectivity is vital for work, education, healthcare, banking, entertainment, and smart living.
• With nearly one billion internet users and growing adoption of smart homes and offices, digital performance is becoming a key factor in property usage and valuation.
• For developers and property owners, a DCRA rating acts as a credibility marker, helping projects stand out and signal long-term digital preparedness.
• For homebuyers, tenants, and enterprises, the ratings reduce uncertainty about internet quality and support remote work, streaming, gaming, and smart lifestyles.
• The empanelment aligns with national initiatives like Digital India and the vision of Viksit Bharat, emphasizing robust digital connectivity as a core element of modern real estate development.

India to Deploy First Indigenous Quantum Computer for Commercial Use at IIIT Dharwad

• India’s first indigenously built quantum computer will be deployed for commercial use at IIIT Dharwad, marking a major milestone in India’s quantum journey.
• The Government of Karnataka has announced a Centre of Excellence in Quantum AI and Computing at IIIT-Dharwad in collaboration with QpiAI.
• Priyank Kharge held meetings with QpiAI to advance the Karnataka Quantum Roadmap and strengthen the State’s leadership in quantum technologies.
• QpiAI outlined plans to scale quantum systems from 25 qubits to 1,000 qubits within 2–3 years, positioning Karnataka as a hub for quantum research, talent, and industry collaboration.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS

Bajaj Finserv Acquires Allianz’s 23% Stake in Bajaj Allianz Insurance Businesses

• Bajaj Finserv has completed the acquisition of Allianz SE’s stake in Bajaj Allianz General Insurance and Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance, ending a long-standing partnership.
• The acquisition involved 23% stake in each company, valued at approximately ₹12,190 crore in general insurance and ₹9,200 crore in life insurance.
• Following the transaction, Bajaj Finserv’s stake in each insurance company has increased to 75.01%, while the Bajaj Group’s overall holding has risen to about 97%.
• Allianz SE’s remaining 3% stake is expected to be transferred in the coming months through a proposed share buyback by the insurance companies.
• The deal marks the conclusion of a 24-year joint venture between Bajaj Finserv and Allianz SE and is regarded as the largest transaction in India’s insurance sector, significantly reshaping industry ownership structures.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : OBITUARIES

Renowned Ecologist and Conservationist Madhav D. Gadgil Passed Away at 83

• Renowned ecologist, scholar, and conservationist Madhav Dhananjaya Gadgil passed away at the age of 83 in Pune, Maharashtra.

About Madhav Dhananjaya Gadgil :

• He was born on April 24, 1942, in Poona, Bombay Province, British India (present-day Pune, Maharashtra).
• Madhav Gadgil, widely recognized as the father of modern Indian ecology, was a distinguished Indian ecologist, academic, author, and environmental conservationist.
• He began his career as a scientist and ecological researcher in the 1960s and joined the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru.
• He became a founding faculty member of the Centre for Ecological Sciences (CES) at IISc, where he played a key role in designing ecology curricula, establishing long-term ecological field studies, and training students in scientific methods.
• From 1981 to 2005, he served as Professor of Ecology at IISc, conducting research on forest ecosystems and biodiversity and contributing to environmental education and sustainable development.
• In 2010, he was appointed Chairman of the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP), popularly known as the Gadgil Commission.
• He served as a member of the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) and the National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT).
• Madhav Gadgil was a member of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Prime Minister and chaired international bodies, including the Science and Technology Advisory Panel of the Global Environment Facility.
• He played a pivotal role in establishing India’s first Biosphere Reserve, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, and in framing the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
• He authored more than 250 scholarly papers on ecology and conservation, many of which were translated into multiple Indian languages.
• He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1981 in the field of Civil Service and the Padma Bhushan in 2006 in the field of Science and Engineering.
• In 2024, he was honoured with the United Nations (UN) Champion of the Earth Award.
• His other major awards include the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement (2015), Harvard Centennial Medal (2002), and the Vikram Sarabhai Award (1990).

Veteran BJP Leader and Former Union Minister Kabindra Purkayastha Passed away

• Kabindra Purkayastha, veteran Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader and former Union Minister of State (MoS), Ministry of Communications, passed away at the age of 94 in Silchar, Assam.
• He was born on 15 December 1931 at Kamarkhal, then part of the Sylhet district (now in Bangladesh).
• He is remembered as the patriarch of the BJP in Assam, playing a crucial role in shaping the party’s ideological and organisational growth in the state.
• Kabindra Purkayastha joined the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) in 1951 and served as a pracharak across the Northeast, after working as a teacher.
• He was a founding member of the BJP and was instrumental in strengthening the party’s base in Assam and Northeast India, especially in the Barak Valley.
• He worked extensively for refugee rehabilitation and regional development in Assam.
• He was elected as a three-time Member of Parliament (MP) from the Silchar Lok Sabha constituency in 1991, 1998, and 2009.
• He served as Union Minister of State for the Ministry of Communications during 1998–1999 under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

World Hindi Day 2026 Observed on 10th January

• World Hindi Day 2026 is observed on 10th January to promote the Hindi language globally.
• Also known as Vishwa Hindi Divas, the day honors the Hindi language and its contributors.
• The first World Hindi Conference (Vishva Hindi Sammelan) was held in 1975 in Nagpur, Maharashtra, marking the inception of World Hindi Day.
• The Hindi Conference is conducted every three years to spread awareness about the language and its literary contributors.
• Celebrations are held by public and private organizations in India, while Hindi-speaking communities abroad also observe the day with cultural and literary events.
• The day emphasizes the promotion of Hindi literature, language awareness, and global recognition of Hindi as a medium of communication and culture.

Daily CA One- Liner: January 10

• The Election Commission of India (ECI) will host the first India International Conference on Democracy and Election Management (IICDEM) 2026 from January 21-23, 2026 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi
• India has become the first country in the world to commercially produce bio-bitumen for road construction
• Goa Chief Minister Pramod Sawant launched the second edition of the book ‘History That India Ignored’ in Panaji, Goa in January 2026
• The Rajasthan Regional AI Impact Conference was held bringing together policymakers, industry experts, startups, and academia to discuss inclusive, ethical, and responsible AI
• Chief Justice of India Surya Kant virtually inaugurated India’s first fully paperless district court in Kalpetta, Wayanad, Kerala
• The National Textiles Ministers’ Conference 2026 was held in Guwahati, Assam.
• National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) under the Ministry of Home Affairs released the 2nd edition of Inter-Operable Criminal Justice System (ICJS) 2.0 rankings
• Tamil Nadu Deep-Tech Startup Policy 2025–26 is the first dedicated policy in India for science-driven entrepreneurship, aiming to convert cutting-edge research into commercial solutions.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) exercised powers under Section 45-IA(6) of the RBI Act, 1934 to cancel the Certificate of Registration (CoR) of 35 Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) for non-compliance with regulatory requirements, with effect from December 9 to 31, 2025.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has proposed amendments to the Governance Directions, 2025 for Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) and State/Central Co-operative Banks, introducing a mandatory cooling-off period for directors.
• Axis Finance Limited, a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC), has launched Axis Finance Vyapar Business Loan, a collateral-free credit product aimed at supporting Micro and Small Businesses (MSMEs).
• The National Statistics Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) released the First Advance Estimates (FAE) of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for FY2025-26 (FY26) at Constant (2011-12) and Current Prices.
• The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) declared 2026 as the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists (IYRP 2026) during its 76th session held in New York, USA.
• The United States of America (USA) announced its withdrawal from 66 international organisations, treaties, and commissions through an Executive Order (EO) 14199 and a Presidential Memorandum issued by President Donald Trump as part of the “America First” policy review.
• The First Training Squadron (1TS) of the Indian Navy (IN) began its Long-Range Training Deployment (LRTD) to Southeast Asia as part of the 110th Integrated Officers’ Training Course (IOTC), providing real operational sea experience to naval cadets.
• The Indian Navy (IN) has initiated a new naval base at Haldia, West Bengal (WB) to strengthen operational presence, maritime surveillance, and rapid response capabilities in the Bay of Bengal (BOB).
• Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) has launched Param Shakti, an indigenously developed supercomputing system with a computing capacity of 1 petaflops.
• The European Space Agency (ESA) has officially cancelled the Mars Sample Return Mission, a joint project with NASA, marking a major shift in planetary exploration plans.
• Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has empanelled RANext Technologies as a Digital Connectivity Rating Agency (DCRA) to assess digital infrastructure in properties.
• India’s first indigenously built quantum computer will be deployed for commercial use at IIIT Dharwad, marking a major milestone in India’s quantum journey.
• Bajaj Finserv has completed the acquisition of Allianz SE’s stake in Bajaj Allianz General Insurance and Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance, ending a long-standing partnership.
• Renowned ecologist, scholar, and conservationist Madhav Dhananjaya Gadgil passed away at the age of 83 in Pune, Maharashtra.
• Kabindra Purkayastha, veteran Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader and former Union Minister of State (MoS), Ministry of Communications, passed away at the age of 94 in Silchar, Assam.
• World Hindi Day 2026 is observed on 10th January to promote the Hindi language globally