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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Securities and Exchange Board of India Allows Real Estate Investment Trusts and Infrastructure Investment Trusts to Issue Depository Receipts at GIFT City and Shortens Offer for Sale Cooling-off Period

• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) issued frameworks allowing Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) to issue Depository Receipts (DRs) backed by their units and list them on exchanges at Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City), Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
• The framework provides REITs and InvITs with an additional route to raise funds from foreign investors and access overseas capital.

Key Highlights :

• Depository Receipts (DRs) are foreign currency-denominated instruments issued by a foreign depository against underlying units deposited with a domestic custodian.
• The framework allows foreign investors, including Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), to invest in Indian REITs and InvITs without directly purchasing their units on domestic exchanges.
• The two permitted exchanges for listing DRs at GIFT City are India International Exchange (India INX) and NSE International Exchange (NSE IX).
• A fresh issue of DRs requires prior approval from unitholders, with at least 75% of the total votes cast in favour of the resolution.
• Prior approval will not be required for subsequent DR offerings within the overall limit already approved by unitholders.
• If existing unitholders transfer their units for issuing DRs, the REIT or InvIT must provide all existing unitholders an opportunity to participate in the offering.
• DR holders and their beneficial owners cannot be persons resident in India.
• SEBI prescribed eligibility conditions requiring issuers and unitholders transferring units not to be debarred from accessing capital markets, classified as wilful defaulters or identified as fugitive economic offenders.
• SEBI reduced the Offer for Sale (OFS) cooling-off period for illiquid units of privately listed InvITs from 12 weeks to 8 weeks.
• The revised 8-week cooling-off period applies to purchases and sales before and after an OFS and came into effect immediately.
• Under the existing OFS framework, the cooling-off period was 2 weeks for the most liquid shares, 4 weeks for liquid shares and 12 weeks for illiquid shares.
• SEBI introduced the relaxation because privately listed InvITs face liquidity constraints due to their high trading lot sizes, which restrict participation mainly to institutional investors, corporates and high-net-worth individuals.

About SEBI :

• Established : 12 April 1988 as an executive body and was given statutory powers on 30 January 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992
• Headquarters : Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Chairman : Tuhin Kanta Pandey
• SEBI is the regulatory body for securities and commodity markets in India under the ownership of the Ministry of Finance (MoF), GoI.

International Financial Services Centres Authority Grants Final Payment Service Provider Licence to Razorpay for Gujarat International Finance Tec-City Operations

• Razorpay Payments Private Limited received the final Payment Service Provider (PSP) licence from the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) to operate from Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City), Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
• The company received in-principle approval in April 2026 before obtaining the final PSP authorization.
• The licence will enable Razorpay to facilitate international collections, settlements, global investments and multi-currency transactions through its GIFT City-based infrastructure.
• Razorpay will enable Indian investment and wealth management platforms to offer overseas equities through a single compliant infrastructure.
• These services will operate in accordance with the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) and GIFT City regulations.
• Razorpay's banking integrations with RBL Bank Limited and ICICI Bank Limited are already operational on its network, and the company plans to add more banking partners.
• Razorpay also holds Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approvals for online, offline and cross-border payment services.

About Razorpay :

• Founded : 2014
• Headquarters : Bengaluru, Karnataka.
• It is an Indian financial technology (fintech) company providing digital payments, payment processing and business financial solutions.

Fibe Enters Unified Payments Interface Payments Business After Receiving Third-Party Application Provider Authorisation from National Payments Corporation of India

• Fibe (formerly EarlySalary), a digital lending platform, launched Unified Payments Interface (UPI) payment services on its application after receiving Third-Party Application Provider (TPAP) authorisation from the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).
• The TPAP approval enables Fibe to offer UPI payment services directly through its own application in partnership with Payment Service Provider (PSP) banks.
• The UPI service is available to consumers across India, including those who are not existing borrowers or customers of Fibe.
• Through the new service, users can make payments using their bank accounts, RuPay credit cards and eligible credit lines linked to UPI.
• Third-Party Application Provider (TPAP) is a non-bank entity authorised by NPCI to provide UPI payment services through its application in partnership with PSP banks.
• The launch marks Fibe's entry into the UPI payments segment as part of its expansion into digital financial services.
• Fibe also offers credit cards, fixed deposits, loans against mutual funds, and financing for healthcare, education and rooftop solar installations.

About Fibe :

• Fibe was initially established under the brand name EarlySalary in 2015 and was renamed Fibe in 2022.
• Headquarters : Pune, Maharashtra.
• Managing Director and Group CEO : Akshay Mehrotra

 CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation Celebrates Its 74th Foundation Day on 1 November 2026

• The Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) celebrated its 74th Foundation Day on 1 November 2026 in New Delhi.
• The occasion marked EPFO’s journey from a statutory provident fund organisation established in 1952 to one of India’s leading social security institutions.

Key Highlights

• Union Minister for Labour and Employment Mansukh Mandaviya presided over the celebrations.
• Other attendees included:
• Chandra Bhushan Kumar, Secretary, Ministry of Labour and Employment.
• Ramesh Krishnamurthi, Central Provident Fund Commissioner.
• Representatives of workers, employers and other stakeholders.
• Addressing the gathering, Mansukh Mandaviya highlighted that EPFO had emerged as a trusted institution for India's workforce over its 74-year journey.
• He stated that the trust placed in the organisation was reflected in its accumulated corpus of approximately ₹32 lakh crore, built through contributions from more than 8 crore members.
• Appreciating the organisation's technological transformation initiatives, including CITES 2.01, he urged EPFO officials to prioritise workers' welfare and ensure effective service delivery at the last mile.
• He also called upon officials to draw inspiration from the ‘Panch Pran’ principles articulated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi Approves 1,500-km Northern Bullet Train Corridor Connecting Delhi with Guwahati via Siliguri

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the Northern Bullet Train Corridor, a proposed high-speed rail route that will connect Delhi with Guwahati via Siliguri.
• The approval was announced by Union Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.

Key Highlights

• The Railway Minister made the announcement during his visit to Varanasi to flag off the Varanasi–New Delhi Vande Bharat Sleeper Express.
• The Northern Bullet Train Corridor is expected to improve connectivity across Northern and Eastern India by significantly reducing travel time.
• The proposed high-speed rail corridor will cover approximately 1,500 kilometres and pass through Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal before extending to Assam.
• The important stations along the proposed corridor include:
• Delhi
• Agra
• Kanpur
• Lucknow
• Ayodhya
• Varanasi
• Prayagraj
• Patna
• Siliguri
• Guwahati
• According to Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, the corridor aims to reduce the existing 20-hour journey between Delhi and Siliguri to approximately 6 hours.
• The Minister stated that ticket fares would be economical and significantly lower than airfares, making high-speed rail travel more accessible.
• The proposed high-speed rail network is expected to support small-scale industries and create economic opportunities for middle-income households, young people and local artisans.
• The project aims to strengthen regional connectivity and facilitate economic development across the states covered by the corridor.

Tamil Nadu Tops Research Publications and Patent Applications in NITI Aayog’s India Science and Technology Scoreboard

• Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra emerged as the top three states in research publications in the India Science and Technology (S&T) Scoreboard launched by NITI Aayog.
• In terms of patent applications filed, Tamil Nadu secured the first position, followed by Maharashtra and Karnataka.

Key Highlights

• The number of research publications recorded by the top three states during 2024–25 was:
• Tamil Nadu: 44,611 publications
• Uttar Pradesh: 29,298 publications
• Maharashtra: 28,947 publications
• NITI Aayog Vice Chairman Ashok Kumar Lahiri released the India S&T Scoreboard and stated that the further development of India's science and technology sector requires a more active role from state governments.
• NITI Aayog Member (Science and Technology) Abhay Karandikar emphasised that effective science and technology policymaking must be based on reliable and comparable evidence.
• Developed as a key NITI Aayog initiative, the India S&T Scoreboard is an interactive platform that provides an integrated overview of the science and technology landscape across Indian states and Union Territories.
• The platform has been designed to support evidence-based policymaking and benchmarking among states and Union Territories.
• Department of Science and Technology Secretary Umesh V. Waghmare stated that the scoreboard provides a valuable state-level perspective to India's national science and technology evidence base. He also highlighted the contribution of State Science and Technology Councils and state universities in expanding India's research base.
• The scoreboard brings together data on the science and technology ecosystem, covering:
• Higher education institutions
• Research and Development (R&D) institutions
• Deep-tech start-ups
• Incubators
• It also includes science and technology outputs such as research publications and patents.
• Beyond measuring the volume of research output, the scoreboard presents indicators relating to research quality, impact, collaboration and open access across priority research areas.
• The platform covers three major sectors:
• Academia
• Government Research and Development Laboratories
• Industry
• It enables side-by-side comparisons of states and Union Territories and provides detailed state profiles, including information on state policies and best practices.

About Tamil Nadu:

• Chief Minister: Joseph Vijay
• Governor: Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
• Capital: Chennai
• National Parks: Guindy National Park, Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, Indira Gandhi (Anamalai) National Park, Mudumalai National Park, Mukurthi National Park, Palani Hills National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Kalakad Wildlife Sanctuary, Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary, Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary, Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary, Pulicat Lake Wildlife Sanctuary, Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary

Sikkim’s Soreng Becomes India’s First Notified Organic Fisheries Cluster Under Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana

• Soreng district in Sikkim has become India’s first notified Organic Fisheries Cluster under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY).
• The Central Government launched a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for organic certification of fisheries in the Northeastern region to promote chemical-free fish production, establish certification standards and improve market access for organic fish products.

Key Highlights

• Union Minister for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying Rajiv Ranjan Singh launched the SOP and inaugurated fisheries development projects worth ₹3.75 crore during his visit to Sikkim.
• The visit was undertaken to review the implementation of fisheries development initiatives.
• The inaugurated projects cover essential fisheries infrastructure and production technologies, including:
• Hatcheries
• Fish feed mills
• Cold storage facilities
• Biofloc technology
• Recirculatory Aquaculture Systems (RAS)
• These projects aim to strengthen the entire fisheries value chain, covering fish production, processing, value addition and marketing.
• The Soreng Organic Fisheries Cluster will promote ecologically sustainable fish farming without harmful chemicals, antibiotics and pesticides. It will focus particularly on Amur carp, Indian Major Carps and trout.
• The initiative aims to utilise Sikkim’s established organic farming ecosystem to increase fish farmers’ incomes and develop premium domestic and export markets for organic fish products.
• The newly introduced SOP will provide a structured framework for organic fish production and certification and facilitate traceability across the fisheries value chain. It is expected to improve consumer confidence and help organic fish products access high-value markets.
• Under the government's cluster-based approach, 34 fisheries production and processing clusters have been notified across India, including organic fisheries clusters in Sikkim and Meghalaya.
• The cluster-based approach aims to integrate production, processing, value addition and marketing within identified geographical areas.
• During his visit, Union Minister Rajiv Ranjan Singh also inspected a PMMSY-supported live fish vending centre and interacted with members of fish farmers’ cooperative societies to understand their concerns.
• As part of the support provided to fish farmers:
• Fish feed was distributed to 15 farmers belonging to two cooperative societies.
• Kisan Credit Cards (KCCs) were distributed to fish farmers to facilitate access to institutional credit.
• Five farmers received cheques under the Mukhya Mantri Matsya Uthpadhan Yojana (MMMUY).
• To strengthen market linkages, the Sikkim Government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) for the institutional procurement of locally produced Rainbow Trout.

About Sikkim:

• Chief Minister: Prem Singh Tamang (P. S. Golay)
• Governor: Dushyant Gautam
• Capital: Gangtok
• National Parks: Khangchendzonga National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Barsey Rhododendron Wildlife Sanctuary, Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary, Kitam Bird Sanctuary, Kyongnosla Alpine Wildlife Sanctuary, Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary

Manipur Launches BRICS Sustainable Lifestyle Week 2026 with Cyclothon in Imphal

• Manipur Chief Minister Yumnam Khemchand Singh launched BRICS Sustainable Lifestyle Week 2026 from November 1 to 7, 2026 and flagged off a Cyclothon at Khuman Lampak, Imphal.

Key Highlights

• The weeklong programme, organised by the Government of Manipur, will continue until 7 November 2026.
• The initiative aims to promote sustainable and environmentally responsible lifestyles among people.
• During the launch programme, Chief Minister Yumnam Khemchand Singh administered an environmental protection pledge to participants.
• Along with other distinguished guests, he also planted saplings at the Khuman Lampak Sports Complex as part of the environmental awareness initiative.
• The Chief Minister flagged off approximately 200 cyclists from Khuman Lampak.
• The cyclists proceeded through various locations across Imphal city before returning to Khuman Lampak.
• The programme seeks to encourage environmental awareness and motivate people to adopt sustainable practices in their daily lives.

About Manipur:

• Chief Minister: Yumnam Khemchand Singh
• Governor: Ajay Kumar Bhalla
• Capital: Imphal
• National Parks: Keibul Lamjao National Park, Sirohi National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Yangoupokpi-Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary, Khongjaingamba Ching Wildlife Sanctuary

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

17th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Concludes in Armenia, October 2026

• The 17th Conference of the Parties (COP17) to the United Nations (UN) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was held at the Meridian Expo and Event Centre in Yerevan, Armenia, under the theme “Taking Action for Nature.”
• COP17 was presided over by Hambardzum Matevosyan, Minister of Environment of the Republic of Armenia.
• COP17 adopted nearly 50 decisions to strengthen biodiversity conservation and accelerate the implementation of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF).
• Union Minister Bhupender Yadav, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), led the Indian delegation at COP17.
• India reaffirmed its commitment to biodiversity conservation and highlighted its updated National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), comprising 23 national targets and 142 indicators.
• The conference logo was inspired by “Polymmatus eriwanensis (Eriwan Blue)”, a butterfly species endemic to Armenia.
• The COP17 logo featured 23 colours, representing the 23 action targets of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF).
• COP17 adopted the Yerevan Pathway to accelerate the implementation of the KMGBF by 2030.
• The conference announced approximately USD 2 billion in funding commitments to support biodiversity conservation.
• COP17 adopted the Sevan Guidelines and announced initiatives such as a biodiversity bond, investment incubator and proposed forest law.
• Quito, the capital city of Ecuador, was selected to host the 18th Conference of the Parties (COP18) to CBD in 2028.

20th Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Defence Ministers’ Meeting and 13th ADMM-Plus Meetings 2026 Conclude in Cebu, Philippines

• The 20th ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting (ADMM) and 13th ADMM-Plus were held on 28 and 29 October 2026, respectively, at the Mactan Expo Center in Cebu, the Philippines.
• The meetings were conducted under the ASEAN 2026 theme “Navigating Our Future, Together”.
• The meetings brought together ASEAN Defence Ministers and eight dialogue partners to strengthen regional defence and security cooperation.
• The meetings were chaired by Gilberto C. Teodoro Jr., Secretary of the Department of National Defense (DND), Philippines.
• Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh represented India at the meetings.
• Rajnath Singh proposed establishing an India–ASEAN Youth Bridge to promote people-to-people connectivity, digital innovation and capacity building in defence cooperation.
• India and Malaysia co-chaired the ADMM-Plus Experts' Working Group (EWG) on Counter-Terrorism for the 2024–2027 cycle.
• India reaffirmed its commitment to regional security cooperation and sharing its counter-terrorism expertise.
• ASEAN Defence Ministers issued a Joint Statement on Youth, Peace and Security, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) in Southeast Asia.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Union Health Ministry Selects Part-Time Members of the National Dental Commission and Autonomous Boards Through Draw of Lots

• The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare selected part-time members of the National Dental Commission (NDC) and its three Autonomous Boards through a draw of lots, in accordance with the National Dental Commission Act, 2023, and the rules framed under it.
• Punya Salila Srivastava, Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, participated in the selection process.
• A total of 19 part-time members were selected for a tenure of two years, comprising 10 members representing State/UT Governments and 9 members representing State Dental Councils.
• The 10 part-time members representing State/UT Governments were selected from Sikkim, Jharkhand, Keralam, Uttarakhand, Mizoram, Rajasthan, Arunachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir.
• The selected representatives of State/UT Governments are Kessang Choden Rechung (Sikkim), Principal of Dental Institute, RIMS, Ranchi (Jharkhand), Dr. Kannan Vadakkepurayil (Keralam), Dr. Krishn Singh Negi (Uttarakhand), Brig. Dr. Anil Kohli (Mizoram), Dr. Anjali Kapoor (Rajasthan), Dr. Tage Tamo (Arunachal Pradesh), Dr. Rupal J Shah (Gujarat), Dr. M. Jyothsna (Andhra Pradesh) and Prof. (Dr.) Parveen Akhter Lone (Jammu & Kashmir).
• The 9 part-time members representing State Dental Councils were selected from Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Karnataka, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Puducherry.
• The selected State Dental Council representatives are H. Hotokhu Chisi (Nagaland), Dr. S. M. Balaji (Tamil Nadu), Dr. Chandresh Kumar Shukla (Madhya Pradesh), Dr. Kyrpang Passah (Meghalaya), Dr. Shiva Sharan K (Karnataka), Dr. Rajesh Reddy (Telangana), Dr. Kamleshwar Singh (Uttar Pradesh), Dr. Md. Zeryaur Rahman (Bihar) and Dr. V Arun Prasad Rao (Puducherry).
• Under Section 17(5) of the National Dental Commission Act, 2023, the second part-time member for each of the three Autonomous Boards was selected from among the nine State Dental Council representatives.
• Rajesh Reddy (Telangana) was selected as the second part-time member of the Under-Graduate and Post-Graduate Dental Education Board.
• Shiva Sharan K (Karnataka) was selected as the second part-time member of the Dental Assessment and Rating Board.
• Chandresh Kumar Shukla (Madhya Pradesh) was selected as the second part-time member of the Ethics and Dental Registration Board.
• Vinod Kotwal, Additional Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, along with other ministry officials, was also present during the selection process.
• The selection through a draw of lots follows the statutory procedure prescribed under the National Dental Commission Act, 2023, for appointing part-time members to the Commission and its Autonomous Boards.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

Cabinet Introduces Revised Plan to Facilitate Regular Enrolment of All Agniveers into the Armed Forces

• The Union Cabinet approved a revised pathway for the absorption of Agniveers into the regular Armed Forces, introducing an additional two-year engagement period for the 75% of Agniveers who are not selected for regular enrolment after their initial four-year service.
• Under the revised arrangement, 25% of Agniveers will continue to be offered regular employment in the Defence Forces based on merit after completing their initial four-year tenure.
• The remaining 75% of Agniveers will be offered an additional two-year engagement period based on the recommendations of the Indian Defence Forces.
• After completing the additional two-year engagement period, all Agniveers will be offered another opportunity for enrolment as regular soldiers, subject to their willingness and fulfilment of selection criteria.
• The revised arrangement aims to align the aspirations of Agniveers with organisational requirements and operational efficiency.
• The decision was taken after an objective assessment of Agniveers' performance in terms of skills, motivation, physical fitness and technological capabilities.
• The second engagement period will provide higher remuneration, an enhanced Seva Nidhi package and seniority benefits.
• The Agnipath Scheme, launched on 14 June 2022, will continue based on its achievements after four years of implementation.
• The major achievements of the Agnipath Scheme include increased recruitment across districts, a more standardised and transparent recruitment process, and improved physical fitness, morale, motivation, competitive spirit and discipline.
• The scheme has enhanced skills, technological adaptability and educational standards among personnel serving in the Defence Forces.
• The scheme has also opened opportunities for women in various branches of the Defence Forces.
• Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General NS Raja Subramani announced the revised provision for the additional two-year engagement of the remaining 75% of Agniveers.
• The revised arrangement creates an additional pathway for Agniveers to enter the regular Armed Forces, subject to objective selection criteria.

India and the US Begin the 5th Edition of the Tiger Triumph 2026 Tri-Service HADR Exercise in Visakhapatnam

• The 5th edition of the India–US Bilateral Tri-Service Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) Exercise, Tiger Triumph 2026, commenced with its opening ceremony on 2 November 2026 at the Maritime Warfare Centre (MWC), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
• The Tiger Triumph exercise series began in 2019, with its 1st edition held at Visakhapatnam and Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
• The 4th edition of Exercise Tiger Triumph was conducted along India's Eastern Seaboard from 1 to 13 April 2025.
• The opening ceremony of the 5th edition was presided over by Rear Admiral Vishal Bishnoi, Flag Officer Commanding, Eastern Fleet, Indian Navy, and Rear Admiral Joaquin J. Martinez de Pinillos, Vice Commander, US Pacific Fleet.
• The 2026 edition is being conducted as a Tabletop Exercise (TTX) to enhance coordination, joint planning and interoperability between the armed forces of India and the United States during large-scale HADR operations.
• The main objective of Tiger Triumph 2026 is to strengthen India–US defence cooperation and improve the ability of both countries' armed forces to respond jointly to regional crises and natural disasters.
• The exercise aims to facilitate Combined Joint All-Domain Operations through improved planning, coordination and integrated multi-domain command and control.
• The Indian contingent includes maritime specialists from the Indian Navy, ground forces from the Indian Army, representatives from the Indian Air Force, and Special Forces personnel from all three Services.
• The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is participating for the first time in the 5th edition of Tiger Triumph 2026.
• The US Joint Force comprises specialists from the US Air Force, US Army, US Marine Corps and US Navy, along with experts in Space, Cyber, Medical and Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD).
• The exercise includes all-domain tabletop exercises, specialised command and control, and cyber and space synchronisation activities.
• Other activities include subject-matter expert exchanges, community outreach programmes and cultural events.

INS Sahyadri Completes Bilateral Naval Exercise Between India and the Republic of Korea at Busan

• The Indian Navy–Republic of Korea Navy (IN–RoKN) Bilateral Exercise successfully concluded with the participation of INS Sahyadri at Busan, Republic of Korea, on 29 October 2026.
• The exercise aimed to strengthen maritime cooperation, interoperability and mutual understanding between the Indian Navy and the Republic of Korea Navy (RoKN).
• The exercise was conducted in two phases: the Harbour Phase and the Sea Phase.
• During the Harbour Phase, personnel from both navies participated in professional discussions, cross-deck visits, operational briefings and Subject Matter Expert Exchanges (SMEEs).
• The harbour activities facilitated the exchange of operational perspectives and best practices between the two navies.
• Cultural exchanges and sporting engagements during the harbour phase helped foster camaraderie, mutual trust and interpersonal relationships among naval personnel.
• During the Sea Phase, INS Sahyadri of the Indian Navy and ROKS Munmu the Great of the Republic of Korea Navy conducted coordinated maritime activities.
• The sea-phase activities included coordinated navigation, helicopter (helo) operations and joint maritime manoeuvres.
• The sea phase provided an opportunity for both navies to practise coordination at sea and understand each other's operating procedures.
• The successful completion of the exercise reflects the shared commitment of India and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) to deepen maritime cooperation through sustained engagement and collaboration.
• The exercise contributes to strengthening mutual trust and supports collective efforts to maintain peace, stability and security in the Indo-Pacific region.

Indian Air Force and Indian Navy Carry Out Joint Anti-Piracy Mission in the Arabian Sea

• The Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Indian Navy jointly conducted a long-range maritime airdrop mission during the intervening night of 1–2 November 2026 in support of anti-piracy operations in the Arabian Sea.
• The mission was conducted more than 3,000 km from Mumbai using an IAF C-17 Globemaster III
• The aircraft air-delivered specialised tactical equipment and MARCOS personnel in coordination with an Indian Navy ship and a maritime reconnaissance aircraft.
• The operation covered over 6,000 km and involved more than 8 hours of flying.
• The mission demonstrated the IAF's capability in long-range precision air-delivery operations and highlighted the strong operational synergy between the IAF and Indian Navy.
• The operation reaffirmed India's commitment to maritime security, freedom of navigation and the safety of international shipping in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).

CENJOWS and HQ IDS Conclude Two-Day Seminar on Cyber-Enabled Cognitive Warfare in New Delhi

• The two-day seminar on “Cyber-Enabled Cognitive Warfare” concluded in New Delhi on 3 November 2026.
• The seminar was organised by the Centre for Joint Warfare Studies (CENJOWS) under the aegis of Headquarters Integrated Defence Staff (HQ IDS).
• Air Chief Marshal Ashutosh Dixit, Chief of the Air Staff, delivered a special address and emphasised synergised and coordinated functioning among all stakeholders to improve operational effectiveness and situational awareness.
• General Anil Chauhan (Retd.), former Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) and Director of the Vivekananda International Foundation, also delivered a special address.
• The seminar focused on emerging threats in the cyber-enabled cognitive domain, particularly the convergence of Cyber Capabilities, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Information Manipulation and Psychological Influence.
• The discussions examined evolving approaches to deterrence, including credible response options, training, simulation and capacity building.
• The seminar highlighted the importance of digital governance, ethical considerations and legal frameworks to address emerging cyber-enabled cognitive threats.
• Key issues discussed included threat attribution, strategic signalling, coordinated responses and institutional capabilities to counter hostile activities in the cognitive domain.
• The seminar emphasised that cognitive threats can influence public perceptions, decision-making and institutional trust, extending beyond conventional technological vulnerabilities.
• It highlighted the need for a coordinated, multi-domain and inter-agency approach involving defence forces, government, scientific institutions, academia, technology and media.
• The deliberations aimed to strengthen national preparedness, inter-agency cooperation, deterrence and response frameworks against evolving security threats.

India and Sri Lanka Coast Guards Conduct 9th High-Level Meeting to Strengthen Maritime Cooperation

• The 9th High-Level Meeting (HLM) between the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) and the Sri Lanka Coast Guard (SLCG) was held on 3 November 2026 at Mirissa, Sri Lanka.
• The Indian delegation was led by Director General Paramesh Sivamani, Director General of the Indian Coast Guard.
• The Sri Lankan delegation was headed by Rear Admiral Ruwan Rupasena, Director General of the Sri Lanka Coast Guard.
• The meeting focused on strengthening bilateral maritime cooperation in Marine Pollution Response, Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) and Maritime Law Enforcement.
• Both sides explored opportunities to enhance capacity building and technical assistance to strengthen operational cooperation between the two Coast Guards.
• Both delegations reaffirmed their commitment to addressing emerging maritime challenges and improving maritime safety, security and environmental protection across their shared maritime domain.
• The meeting aimed to promote coordinated responses to maritime contingencies and strengthen regional cooperation for a safe, secure and clean maritime environment in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).

CURRENT AFFAIRS : ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS

Competition Commission of India Clears Five Major Transactions Across Food Services, Renewable Energy, Power, Financial Services and Telecom Sectors

• The Competition Commission of India (CCI) approved five major proposed transactions across the food services, renewable energy (RE), power infrastructure, financial services and telecommunications sectors.
• Food Services: CCI approved the merger of Sapphire Foods India Limited with Devyani International Limited, combining their Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) and Pizza Hut
• Renewable Energy: CCI approved Aditya Birla Renewables Limited's proposed acquisition of 100% of Solenergi Power Private Limited from Shell Overseas Investment B.V.
• Power Infrastructure: CCI approved Adani Energy Solutions Limited's proposed acquisition of 100% of IntelliSmart Infrastructure Private Limited for 3,050 crore from the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) and Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL).
• Financial Services: CCI approved the acquisition of a certain shareholding in Navi Limited, founded by Sachin Bansal, by MIH Payments Holdings B.V., an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Prosus N.V.
• Telecommunications: CCI approved French company Vega SAS's proposed acquisition of a 2% stake in Vodafone Group PLC.
• Vodafone Group PLC operates telecommunications businesses across Europe and Africa and has a presence in India through Vodafone Idea Limited.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Union Minister of State Dr. Jitendra Singh Inaugurates India's 183rd Seismological Observatory in Kishtwar, Jammu & Kashmir

• Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Jitendra Singh, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), inaugurated the 183rd Seismological Observatory in Kishtwar, Jammu & Kashmir (J&K).
• The observatory will transmit real-time seismic data to the National Centre for Seismology (NCS), New Delhi, to strengthen earthquake monitoring and disaster preparedness in high seismic zones.
• With the inauguration of the Kishtwar observatory, Jammu & Kashmir now has four Seismological Observatories, located in Jammu, Srinagar, Udhampur and Kishtwar.
• The Kishtwar observatory uses advanced digital seismic equipment, replacing traditional analogue systems, to monitor earthquake hazards, support emergency response and guide safer infrastructure planning.
• The Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) plans to establish 100 additional Seismological Observatories, including four each in Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh.
• The expansion aims to improve earthquake detection sensitivity from magnitude 3.0 to magnitude 2.5.
• The MoES will also commission four Doppler Weather Radars (DWRs) in 2027 at Doda, Kishtwar, Anantnag and Baramulla in Jammu & Kashmir.
• The National Centre for Seismology (NCS) disseminates earthquake-related information through its official website, Bhookamp mobile application, SMS, email alerts and social media platforms.

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and DAKSHIN-RIS Partner to Promote Science, Technology and Innovation Across the Global South

• The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and DAKSHIN – Global South Centre of Excellence, operating under the Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS), signed a Letter of Association (LoA) on 3 November 2026.
• The partnership aims to strengthen capacity building, research collaboration and technology partnerships for the advancement of countries in the Global South.
• DAKSHIN aims to promote knowledge sharing and mutual learning among Global South countries by developing sustainable, affordable and locally relevant solutions.
• The collaboration will focus on technology transfer, resource sharing, exchange of experiences and collaborative strategies to address common developmental challenges and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• CSIR will contribute its scientific and technological expertise and a portfolio of affordable, adaptable and ready-to-deploy technologies to meet the developmental needs of Global South countries.
• The key objectives of the agreement include joint policy studies, scaling up development interventions, capacity building, human resource development and skill upgradation.
• The partnership will also promote the documentation and sharing of development experiences, best practices and success stories to strengthen collective self-reliance among Global South countries.
• The collaboration aims to strengthen South-South cooperation, promote international partnerships and facilitate the transfer, adaptation and deployment of science and technology solutions.
• The partnership is expected to support inclusive growth and sustainable development through the wider dissemination and implementation of affordable and locally relevant technologies across the Global South.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS AND AGREEMENT

Digital Bharat Nidhi Signs Agreement with Tamil Nadu to Expand Rural Broadband Connectivity in 4,767 Villages

• Digital Bharat Nidhi (DBN), the Government of Tamil Nadu and Tamil Nadu FibreNet Corporation (TANFINET) signed an agreement at Sanchar Bhawan, New Delhi, to expand rural broadband access across Tamil Nadu.
• Shyamal Misra, Administrator of DBN, attended the agreement-signing event, while Atul Anand, Additional Chief Secretary for Artificial Intelligence, Information Technology and Digital Services, participated through video conference.
• The agreement is part of the state-led Amended BharatNet Programme and focuses on providing fibre-based broadband connections to rural households.

Key Highlights

• Central financial subsidy support is expected to facilitate more than 5 lakh rural household fibre connections. The agreement also provides for on-demand broadband connectivity in 4,767 villages.
• Digital Bharat Nidhi, formerly known as the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF), operates under the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and supports telecommunications access in underserved areas. TANFINET, a state-owned enterprise, is the implementing agency for the programme in Tamil Nadu.
• The Union Cabinet approved the Amended BharatNet Programme on 4 August 2023 to upgrade, consolidate and expand the existing BharatNet network.
• Improved rural broadband connectivity is expected to support services such as e-governance, online education, telemedicine and digital payments.
• BharatNet was designed as a middle-layer network connecting broadband infrastructure across Community Development Blocks and village councils.
• The Telecommunications Act, 2023 allows DBN to support telecommunications research and development, pilot projects and connectivity initiatives in underserved areas.
• The former USOF was funded mainly through a Universal Access Levy imposed on the adjusted gross revenue of telecommunications operators. This was its principal financing mechanism.
• BharatNet operates as an open-access wholesale infrastructure network, allowing multiple internet service providers and other eligible operators to use its network to provide last-mile broadband services.

Assam Signs ₹600 Crore Agreement to Establish India’s First State-Run Proton Beam Therapy Centre at Gauhati Medical College and Hospital

• The Government of Assam signed an agreement with IBA Particle Therapy India Pvt. Ltd. to establish a ₹600 crore proton beam therapy centre at Gauhati Medical College and Hospital (GMCH), Guwahati.
• Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma announced that the facility will be India’s first proton therapy centre operated by a state government. The project is expected to be completed within three years.
• The agreement follows the Assam Cabinet’s approval of the project earlier in 2026. With the signing of the contract, the project has moved towards procurement and construction.

Key Highlights

• Project details and funding:
• Total project cost: Approximately ₹600 crore.
• World Bank loan: ₹315 crore.
• Assam Government contribution: ₹285 crore.
• Implementation programme: World Bank-supported Assam State Secondary Healthcare Initiative for Service Delivery Transformation (ASSIST).
• The programme is implemented through the Assam Health Infrastructure Development and Management Society.
• The centre will use ProteusONE, a compact, single-room proton therapy system manufactured by Belgium-based Ion Beam Applications SA (IBA), the parent company of the Indian contracting firm.
• The agreement covers the supply of the proton therapy machine, construction of the facility and training of medical personnel.
• Staff training and clinical support:
• IBA will train doctors, medical physicists and technicians.
• Some staff members will be sent to proton therapy centres abroad for training.
• The Assam Government has also requested Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, to support the early onboarding of clinical teams.
• Proton beam therapy is an advanced form of radiation treatment that uses proton beams to target tumours. Unlike conventional radiation, the proton beam can be designed to stop at the tumour, limiting radiation exposure to surrounding healthy tissues.
• The treatment is used for selected cancers affecting the brain, spinal cord, eyes, head and neck. It is particularly valuable in treating children because their developing organs are more sensitive to radiation exposure.
• In India, proton therapy has so far been available at only a limited number of centres, including Tata Memorial Centre in Mumbai and Apollo Proton Cancer Centre in Chennai.
• Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma stated that treatment at private proton therapy facilities can cost up to ₹50 lakh. The Assam Government intends to keep treatment charges at GMCH as low as possible to improve affordability.
• Integration with Assam’s cancer care network:
• The new facility will strengthen the three-tier cancer care network established by the Assam Cancer Care Foundation, a partnership between the Assam Government and Tata Trusts.
• Out of 17 planned cancer hospitals, 12 are operational, including the State Cancer Institute in Guwahati, according to the Chief Minister.
• The project expands Assam’s earlier healthcare development initiatives under the ASSIST programme and forms part of the broader effort to introduce advanced medical technologies in government hospitals.
• The Guwahati proton therapy centre is expected to serve patients from across the Northeastern region and neighbouring countries, including Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Myanmar.
• The project is expected to strengthen access to advanced cancer treatment in the Northeast by bringing proton therapy into the state’s public healthcare system.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: RANKING AND INDEX

India Secures Second-Highest Representation in QS World University Rankings: Asia 2027 with 325 Universities

• India has expanded its presence in the QS World University Rankings: Asia 2027, with 325 Indian universities, including 34 new entrants.
• This makes India the second most represented higher education system in Asia, after Mainland China.
• The rankings cover 1,722 universities across 26 higher education systems.
• Despite India's increased representation, all six of its highest-ranked institutions have slipped in the latest edition, highlighting the challenge of translating a larger higher education presence into stronger positions among Asia's leading universities.

Key Highlights

• Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi) retained its position as India's highest-ranked institution, but declined from 59th in 2026 to 66th in 2027.
• Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru ranked second among Indian institutions at 79th, followed by Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay) at 83rd.
• Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) secured 85th position, while Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur) and Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur) ranked 90th and 97th, respectively. All six leading Indian institutions recorded a decline compared with the previous edition.
• University of Delhi also moved outside Asia's top 100, falling from 95th to 106th. In contrast, some other Indian institutions improved their positions.
• The rankings of selected Indian universities are as follows:

• Chandigarh University improved from 109th to 104th, while Lovely Professional University moved up from 187th to 154th. Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) also improved from 130th to 128th.
• India now has 21 universities in Asia's top 200, compared with 20 in the 2026 edition and 17 in 2018.
• Despite this increase, the overall performance of Indian institutions remains mixed: 71% of India's ranked institutions declined, 18% improved, and 11% remained stable.
• Regional rankings:
• University of Hong Kong retained the first position for the second consecutive year.
• Peking University secured the second position.
• Tsinghua University climbed from 9th to 3rd, giving Mainland China two universities among Asia's top three.
• City University of Hong Kong and The Chinese University of Hong Kong occupied the 4th and 5th positions, respectively.
• Singapore's National University of Singapore (NUS) and Nanyang Technological University (NTU) fell to 6th and 8th positions, respectively.
• The changes in regional rankings highlight the increasing competition among Asian universities. Maintaining a high position has become more challenging as additional institutions enter the rankings and established universities improve their performance.
• India's performance in research-related indicators is stronger than its overall rankings might suggest:
• Five Indian universities featured among Asia's top 10 for Papers per Faculty, an indicator that measures research publications relative to the number of academic staff.
• Fifteen Indian universities shared first place for Staff with PhD, reflecting their performance in this indicator.
• However, research impact and international engagement remain areas in which Indian institutions have scope to improve. Strengthening performance across multiple indicators will be important for improving their positions among Asia's leading universities.
• For students, the rankings offer a starting point for comparing universities, but an overall ranking should not be the only factor in selecting an institution. Course quality, faculty expertise, fees, placements, and campus opportunities should also be considered.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : OBITUARIES

Renowned Neurosurgeon and Padma Shri Recipient Professor Dr. Ashok Kumar Mahapatra Passed away in New Delhi

• Eminent neurosurgeon and Padma Shri awardee Professor Dr. Ashok Kumar Mahapatra passed away in New Delhi, Delhi, at the age of 74.

About Dr. Ashok Kumar Mahapatra :

• He was born on 29 December 1952 in Puri, Odisha.
• He was conferred the Padma Shri Award in 2025, India's fourth-highest civilian award, for his contributions to the field of Medicine.
• He headed the Department of Neurosurgery at AIIMS, New Delhi, and served as the founding Director of AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Odisha, from 2012 to 2016.
• He served as the Director of Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, from 2006 to 2009.
• He also served as the Vice-Chancellor of Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (SOA) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, from 2020 to 2022, and later worked as its medical advisor.
• In 2017, he led a multidisciplinary team at AIIMS, New Delhi, in a historic 16-hour surgery to separate conjoined craniopagus twins Jaga and Balia from Odisha.
• Both children survived the surgery, which was considered the first of its kind in India.
• He received the V. Raman Award for Scientific Excellence in 2022 for his outstanding contributions to scientific research and medical science.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

International Day for Biosphere Reserves 2026 – Observed on 3 November

• The International Day for Biosphere Reserves (BRs), also known as World Biosphere Reserve Day, is observed globally every year on 3 November by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to promote biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.
• 3 November 2026 marks the 5th observance of the International Day for Biosphere Reserves.
• The day recognises the contribution of biosphere reserves to biodiversity conservation, sustainable development and the harmonious relationship between people and nature.
• At the request of Spain and Uruguay, the UNESCO Executive Board, during its 211th session, recommended proclaiming 3 November as the International Day for Biosphere Reserves.
• In November 2021, the 41st session of the UNESCO General Conference adopted Resolution 41 C/37, officially proclaiming 3 November as the International Day for Biosphere Reserves.
• The first global observance took place on 3 November 2022, marking the conclusion of the 50th anniversary of UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme.
• As of 2026, the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) comprises 797 sites across 145 countries. These reserves cover approximately 7.5 million square kilometres, accounting for more than 5% of the Earth's land surface.
• India has 18 notified Biosphere Reserves, covering approximately 91,425 square kilometres. Of these, 13 are recognised under UNESCO’s World Network of Biosphere Reserves, giving India the highest number of UNESCO-recognised biosphere reserves in South Asia.

Daily CA One- Liner: November 5

• The Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) celebrated its 74th Foundation Day on 1 November 2026 in New Delhi
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the Northern Bullet Train Corridor, a proposed high-speed rail route that will connect Delhi with Guwahati via Siliguri
• Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra emerged as the top three states in research publications in the India Science and Technology (S&T) Scoreboard launched by NITI Aayog
• Soreng district in Sikkim has become India’s first notified Organic Fisheries Cluster under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana
• Manipur Chief Minister Yumnam Khemchand Singh launched BRICS Sustainable Lifestyle Week 2026 from November 1 to 7, 2026 and flagged off a Cyclothon at Khuman Lampak, Imphal
• Digital Bharat Nidhi (DBN), the Government of Tamil Nadu and Tamil Nadu FibreNet Corporation (TANFINET) signed an agreement at Sanchar Bhawan, New Delhi, to expand rural broadband access across Tamil Nadu
• The Government of Assam signed an agreement with IBA Particle Therapy India Pvt. Ltd. to establish a ₹600 crore proton beam therapy centre at Gauhati Medical College and Hospital (GMCH), Guwahati
• India has expanded its presence in the QS World University Rankings: Asia 2027, with 325 Indian universities, including 34 new entrants
• The International Day for Biosphere Reserves (BRs), also known as World Biosphere Reserve Day, is observed globally every year on 3 November by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to promote biodiversity conservation and sustainable development
• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) issued frameworks allowing Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) to issue Depository Receipts (DRs) backed by their units and list them on exchanges at Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City), Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
• Razorpay Payments Private Limited received the final Payment Service Provider (PSP) licence from the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) to operate from Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City), Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
• Fibe (formerly EarlySalary), a digital lending platform, launched Unified Payments Interface (UPI) payment services on its application after receiving Third-Party Application Provider (TPAP) authorisation from the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).
• The 17th Conference of the Parties (COP17) to the United Nations (UN) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was held at the Meridian Expo and Event Centre in Yerevan, Armenia, under the theme “Taking Action for Nature.”
• The 20th ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting (ADMM) and 13th ADMM-Plus were held on 28 and 29 October 2026, respectively, at the Mactan Expo Center in Cebu, the Philippines.
• The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare selected part-time members of the National Dental Commission (NDC) and its three Autonomous Boards through a draw of lots, in accordance with the National Dental Commission Act, 2023, and the rules framed under it.
• The Union Cabinet approved a revised pathway for the absorption of Agniveers into the regular Armed Forces, introducing an additional two-year engagement period for the 75% of Agniveers who are not selected for regular enrolment after their initial four-year service.
• The 5th edition of the India–US Bilateral Tri-Service Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) Exercise, Tiger Triumph 2026, commenced with its opening ceremony on 2 November 2026 at the Maritime Warfare Centre (MWC), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
• The Indian Navy–Republic of Korea Navy (IN–RoKN) Bilateral Exercise successfully concluded with the participation of INS Sahyadri at Busan, Republic of Korea, on 29 October 2026.
• The Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Indian Navy jointly conducted a long-range maritime airdrop mission during the intervening night of 1–2 November 2026 in support of anti-piracy operations in the Arabian Sea.
• The two-day seminar on “Cyber-Enabled Cognitive Warfare” concluded in New Delhi on 3 November 2026.
• The 9th High-Level Meeting (HLM) between the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) and the Sri Lanka Coast Guard (SLCG) was held on 3 November 2026 at Mirissa, Sri Lanka.
• The Competition Commission of India (CCI) approved five major proposed transactions across the food services, renewable energy (RE), power infrastructure, financial services and telecommunications sectors.
• Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Jitendra Singh, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), inaugurated the 183rd Seismological Observatory in Kishtwar, Jammu & Kashmir (J&K).
• The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and DAKSHIN – Global South Centre of Excellence, operating under the Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS), signed a Letter of Association (LoA) on 3 November 2026.
• Eminent neurosurgeon and Padma Shri awardee Professor Dr. Ashok Kumar Mahapatra passed away in New Delhi, Delhi, at the age of 74.