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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Centre Revises Export Duties on Petrol, Diesel and Aviation Turbine Fuel for the Fortnight Starting June 1, 2026

• Export levies [Special Additional Excise Duty (SAED) / Road and Infrastructure Cess (RIC)] on exports of Petrol, Diesel, and Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) were introduced with effect from 27 March 2026.
• The export duties were imposed to ensure domestic availability of petroleum products by discouraging exports amid the West Asia crisis.
• The rates of export levies are reviewed and revised on a fortnightly basis based on average international prices of crude oil, petrol, diesel, and ATF.
• The last revision of export duty rates was undertaken on 16 May 2026.
• For the fortnight beginning 1 June 2026, the Central Government notified revised export duty rates on petroleum products.
• The export duty on Petrol has been fixed at 1.5 per litre (SAED: Rs. 1.5; RIC: Nil).
• The export duty on Diesel has been fixed at 13.5 per litre (SAED: Rs. 13.5; RIC: Nil).
• The export duty on Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) has been fixed at 9.5 per litre (SAED only).
• The revised duties will come into force from 1 June 2026 and remain applicable for the next fortnight.
• The Ministry of Finance (MoF) stated that the levy rates are determined based on prevailing international market prices of petroleum products.
• The government clarified that there is no change in the existing excise duty rates on petrol and diesel meant for domestic consumption.

About Ministry of Finance:

• Cabinet Minister: Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman
• Minister of State (MoS): Shri Pankaj Chaudhary

Government Grants Temporary Customs Duty Exemption on Cotton Imports Until October 31, 2026

• The Central Government has temporarily exempted all customs duties on cotton imports from 1 June 2026 to 31 October 2026.
• The decision was announced by the Ministry of Textiles to augment the availability of cotton for the Indian textile sector.
• The duty exemption has been introduced during the cotton off-season to ensure adequate supply of cotton to domestic industries.
• The primary objective of the measure is to ensure better availability of cotton, reduce raw material shortages, and support the growth of the textile industry.
• The exemption is expected to reduce input costs for manufacturers across the textile and apparel sector.
• The initiative will provide significant support to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) operating in the textile value chain.
• The measure is aimed at strengthening the competitiveness of Indian textiles in domestic as well as global markets.
• The government stated that the decision has been taken while keeping the interests of cotton farmers and the entire cotton value chain in mind.
• The exemption is expected to provide targeted relief to manufacturers and consumers by moderating production costs.
• The policy is also intended to ensure market stability and maintain a balanced supply of cotton in the country.
• Improved cotton availability is expected to positively impact the performance of the domestic textile industry, particularly the small and medium enterprises (SMEs/MSMEs).

Taiwan Surpasses India to Emerge as the World’s Fifth-Largest Stock Market

• Taiwan Stock Exchange surpassed India to become the world’s 5th largest stock market by market capitalization in 2026.
• Taiwan’s market capitalisation reached approximately USD 4.95 trillion, while India’s market capitalisation stood at around USD 4.92 trillion.
• The rise of Taiwan was primarily driven by the Artificial Intelligence (AI)-led semiconductor boom spearheaded by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC).
• Despite Taiwan overtaking India in stock market size, India continues to have a higher Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
• According to the Global Stock Market Rankings 2026, the leading equity markets are USA, China, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, India, and South Korea.
• TSMC played a crucial role in Taiwan’s rally, with its shares rising by approximately 45–50% during 2026.
• TSMC accounts for nearly 42% of the Taiex Index, making it the dominant driver of Taiwan’s stock market performance.
• Taiwan’s market also benefited from the relaxation of domestic fund investment limits, which were increased from 10% to 25%.
• India experienced significant Foreign Portfolio Investor (FPI) outflows, which negatively impacted market performance.
• Other factors affecting India included benchmark index declines, reduced weight in the MSCI Emerging Markets Index, slower economic growth concerns, relatively high market valuations, and a limited number of AI-focused listed companies.
• Rising business costs and global capital shifts toward Taiwan and South Korea also contributed to India's relative decline in market ranking.
• The development highlights the growing importance of AI-driven investments, semiconductor supply chains, and changing patterns of global capital allocation in emerging markets.

SEBI’s National Institute of Securities Markets Collaborates with Galgotias University to Strengthen Industry-Oriented Financial Education

• The National Institute of Securities Markets (NISM), an educational and capacity-building institution established by SEBI, has entered into a strategic partnership with Galgotias University, Uttar Pradesh, to strengthen learning in securities markets, financial services, derivatives, fintech, and risk management.
• The collaboration aims to enhance the university’s industry-linked learning ecosystem, startup engagement, and applied financial training programmes, promoting entrepreneurship and fintech-oriented education.
• The university’s School of Business and Centre for Capital Market Simulation will provide students exposure to real-time market scenarios through the SMART Lab using the NSMART platform, enabling simulation-based financial learning.
• Students will gain access to NISM certifications, e-learning modules, and certification-linked learning pathways, strengthening employability in capital markets and financial services.
• Academic support will be provided in key areas such as securities markets, mutual funds, equity derivatives, and portfolio management.
• Under the partnership, NISM will also offer faculty development programmes, assessment support, expert interaction sessions, and digital learning resources for students and faculty.

Recent News :

• In May 2026,Securities and Exchange Board of India, National Institute of Securities Markets, and Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs signed a Memorandum of Understanding to collaborate on corporate governance, Environmental Social and Governance initiatives, and capital market-related programmes.

About SEBI :

• Established : 12 April 1988 as an executive body and was given statutory powers on 30 January 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992
• Headquarters : Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Chairman : Tuhin Kanta Pandey
• SEBI is the regulatory body for securities and commodity markets in India under the ownership of the Ministry of Finance (MoF), GoI.

 CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

Government Constitutes High-Level Committee on Demographic Changes and Illegal Immigration

• Government of India constituted a High-Level Committee to study demographic changes arising from illegal immigration and other abnormal reasons, and recommend measures to address them.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the High-Powered Demography Mission on 15 August 2025; Union Cabinet approved the proposal on 11 September 2025.
• Justice Prakash Prabhakar Navlekar (Retired) appointed as Chairman of the Committee.
• Members of the Committee include Census Commissioner, Durga Shankar Mishra, Balaji Srivastava, Dr. Shamika Ravi.
• Joint Secretary (Foreigners-I), Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) appointed as Member Secretary.
• Committee to submit its report within 1 year, Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) may extend the tenure by up to 6 months, if required.
• Terms of Reference include, studying challenges arising from demographic changes and illegal immigration, examining causes such as cross-border activities, economic opportunities and socio-environmental factors, identifying factors behind illegal immigration, abnormal settlement patterns and orchestrated migration.
• Committee will analyse structural population changes among religious and social communities, particularly where they deviate from broader demographic trends.
• Committee will recommend a legal, fair and time-bound mechanism for identification, detention and deportation of illegal immigrants residing in the country.
• Committee will suggest measures to strengthen border management, population stabilisation and identification systems for continuous monitoring.

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Releases National Family Health Survey-6 (NFHS-6)

• The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) released the National Family Health Survey-6 (NFHS-6), conducted during 2023-24.
• The survey covered approximately 6.79 lakh households across 715 districts and serves as one of India's most important sources of health and demographic data.
• The survey was conducted by the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, the nodal agency for NFHS.
• Maternal Healthcare Improvements: Antenatal Care (ANC) Coverage increased from 92.6% to 95.9%, First Trimester ANC Registration from 70.0% to 76.2%, Four or More ANC Visits from 58.5% to 65.2%, Institutional Deliveries from 88.6% to 90.6%, Skilled Birth Attendance from 89.4% to 91.3%, Postnatal Care within Two Days from 79.1% to 85.3%.
• Institutional Deliveries reached a record high of 90.6%, indicating improved access to healthcare facilities and skilled medical care.
• Child Immunisation Improvements: Full Immunisation Coverage among children aged 12–23 months increased from 83.8% to 87.1%, Any Vaccine Coverage remained above 96%, 95.6% of vaccinations were administered through public health facilities, Rotavirus Vaccine Coverage increased from 36.4% to 85.4%, Second Dose of Measles Vaccine increased from 58.6% to 71.8%.
• Child Nutrition Indicators: Child Stunting declined from 35.5% to 29.3%, Severe Wasting declined from 7.7% to 5.2%, Underweight Children declined from 32.1% to 31.8%.
• Additional nutrition improvements include Breastfeeding within One Hour of Birth increasing from 41.8% to 50.1%, Complementary Feeding increasing from 45.9% to 59.5%, while Exclusive Breastfeeding among Infants below Six Months remained high at 95.6%.
• Health Insurance Coverage increased significantly from 41.0% to 60.2%, reflecting improved financial protection in healthcare.
• Women’s Empowerment and Digital Inclusion: Women using the internet increased from 33.3% to 64.3%, women with their own bank account increased from 78.6% to 89.0%, women owning and using a mobile phone increased from 53.9% to 63.6%, and use of hygienic menstrual protection methods increased from 77.6% to 79.2%.
• Major government schemes contributing to these improvements include Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK), Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA), Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan (SUMAN), Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY), POSHAN Abhiyaan, POSHAN 2.0, Saksham Anganwadi, Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) and U-WIN Digital Platform.

Kempegowda International Airport Becomes India’s Second-Busiest Domestic Airport

• Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru has overtaken Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Mumbai to become India’s second-busiest domestic airport.
• In April 2026, Bengaluru airport handled approximately 3.28 million domestic passengers, compared to 2.89 million domestic passengers at Mumbai airport.
• The achievement reflects Bengaluru’s growing importance as a major technology, startup, and business hub, driving strong demand for domestic air travel.
• Bengaluru airport benefits from modern infrastructure, higher operational capacity, and a parallel runway system, enabling airlines to increase flight frequencies and connectivity.
• Airlines have expanded their domestic networks from Bengaluru, contributing to the airport's rapid growth in passenger traffic.
• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Mumbai, continues to face capacity constraints, congestion, and slot saturation, limiting the addition of new domestic services.
• A portion of Mumbai’s future passenger growth is being diverted to Navi Mumbai International Airport, which commenced commercial operations in December 2025.
• Navi Mumbai International Airport is rapidly expanding its domestic connectivity and is expected to handle a growing share of passenger traffic from the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.
• Despite Bengaluru’s rise, Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi, remains India’s busiest airport in both domestic and overall passenger traffic categories.
• Delhi's leadership is supported by high passenger volumes, extensive domestic and international connectivity, and strong infrastructure capacity.

RECENT NEWS

• Karnataka Chief Minister Siddaramaiah announced that Bangalore City University will be renamed as Dr. Manmohan Singh Bengaluru University in honor of the late former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. The government aims to make it a model university, incorporating Government Arts College and Government RC College as constituent colleges.

Indian Railways Unveils New 18-Star Logo as South Coast Railway Becomes 18th Railway Zone

• Indian Railways unveiled a redesigned logo featuring 18 red stars, marking the creation of South Coast Railway (SCoR) as India's 18th Railway Zone, effective 1 June 2026.
• The revised logo was approved by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Railway Board.
• The Ministry of Railways issued a gazette notification on 4 May 2026 under the Railways Act, 1989, announcing the formation of South Coast Railway (SCoR).
• South Coast Railway (SCoR) has been formed through the reorganisation of parts of East Coast Railway (ECoR) and South Central Railway (SCR).
• Headquarters: Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
• Headquarters project details: Mudasarlova, Visakhapatnam, 52.2 acres, ₹183.58 crore estimated cost.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone for the headquarters on 8 January 2025.
• Railway divisions under South Coast Railway (SCoR): Guntakal Division, Guntur Division, Vijayawada Division, Visakhapatnam Division.
• The existing Waltair Division will be bifurcated, one part will become Visakhapatnam Division under South Coast Railway (SCoR), while the other part will merge with the newly created Rayagada Division under East Coast Railway (ECoR).
• The new zone will serve parts of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.
• The formation of South Coast Railway (SCoR) is expected to improve railway administration, passenger services, freight movement, infrastructure development, project execution, and port connectivity in the region.
• South Coast Railway (SCoR) becomes the 18th Railway Zone of Indian Railways.

RECENT NEWS

• Indian railways has launched the CHIRAG Centre in Hyderabad. It is a dedicated national hub which aims to modernizing the human resource governance across the railway network. It is designed to strengthen digital HR systems, AI-based analytics and workforce training and it also reflects the Indian railways push toward smarter administration.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Vice Admiral Sanjay Vatsayan Assumes Charge as Chief of the Western Naval Command

• Vice Admiral Sanjay Vatsayan, PVSM, AVSM, NM assumed charge as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief (FOC-in-C), Western Naval Command on 30 May 2026 at a ceremonial parade held in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• Before this appointment, he served as the Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (VCNS) at Naval Headquarters, New Delhi.
• On assuming charge, he paid tribute to the nation's martyrs at Gaurav Stambh, located in Naval Dockyard, Mumbai.

About Vice Admiral Sanjay Vatsayan :

• Vice Admiral Sanjay Vatsayan is an alumnus of the National Defence Academy (NDA), Khadakwasla, Pune.
• He was commissioned into the Indian Navy on 1 January 1988.
• He is a specialist in Gunnery and Missile Systems and has served in numerous command, operational, staff, and training appointments during his naval career spanning more than three decades.
• He has served onboard several frontline warships and commanded Indian Coast Guard Ship C-05, INS Vibhuti, INS Nashak, INS Kuthar, and INS Sahyadri.
• His major commanded ships include Missile Vessels INS Vibhuti and INS Nashak, Missile Corvette INS Kuthar, and Guided Missile Frigate INS Sahyadri.
• At Naval Headquarters, he held key policy and planning assignments, including Assistant Chief of Naval Staff (Policy and Plans) after promotion to Flag Rank.
• He later commanded the Eastern Fleet of the Indian Navy, one of the Navy’s principal operational formations.
• He also served as Deputy Commandant of the National Defence Academy (NDA) and Chief of Staff, Eastern Naval Command.
• At the Headquarters Integrated Defence Staff (HQIDS), he served as Deputy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (Operations) and Deputy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (Policy, Plans and Force Development).
• In these positions, he played a significant role in joint military operations, force development, tri-service integration, and promoting indigenisation in defence.
• Prior to becoming FOC-in-C, Western Naval Command, he served as the 47th Vice Chief of the Naval Staff, overseeing capability development and future readiness of the Indian Navy.
• He is a recipient of the prestigious Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM), Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM), and Nao Sena Medal (NM) for distinguished service.

Slovenia Elects Janez Janša as Prime Minister for a Fourth Term

• Nationalist politician Janez Janša, leader of the Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS), was elected as the Prime Minister (PM) of Slovenia for a fourth term.
• Janez Janša secured 51 votes in the 90-member National Assembly (Parliament), obtaining the required support to form a new government.
• He succeeded Robert Golob as the Prime Minister of Slovenia.
• The Parliamentary Approval with 51 votes paved the way for the formation of a new coalition government in Slovenia.
• The Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS) formed a centre-right coalition government with allied political parties.
• The formation of the coalition government ended the political deadlock that followed the 2026 parliamentary elections in Slovenia.

About Slovenia :

• President : Nataša Pirc Musar
• Capital : Ljubljana
• Currency : Euro

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

Raksha Mantri and Australian Deputy Prime Minister & Defence Minister Co-Chair 2nd India–Australia Defence Ministers’ Dialogue in New Delhi

• The second edition of the India–Australia Defence Ministers’ Dialogue was co-chaired by Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh and Australian Deputy Prime Minister & Defence Minister Mr Richard Marles at the Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi on 01 June 2026.
• Both sides reviewed significant progress in bilateral defence relations, building on enhanced consultations since the first dialogue held on 09 October 2025.

Key Highlights :

• The Ministers reaffirmed their commitment to advancing the vision of their respective Prime Ministers to strengthen defence cooperation, collective security, and regional peace in the Indo-Pacific.
• They welcomed progress toward updating the Joint Declaration on Defence and Security Cooperation, aimed at deepening long-term strategic alignment.
• Both sides focused on strengthening maritime security cooperation, including finalisation of a Joint Maritime Security Collaboration Roadmap.
• They agreed to enhance Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) through maritime patrol aircraft operations and explore improved undersea domain awareness capabilities.
• Cooperation between the Indian Coast Guard and Australia’s Maritime Border Command was encouraged to improve regional maritime security coordination.
• The Ministers reiterated support for a free, open, stable, and rules-based Indo-Pacific, emphasizing freedom of navigation, overflight, and lawful maritime trade under UNCLOS (1982).
• India and Australia, as co-leads of the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) Working Group on Maritime Safety and Security, will jointly host a Search & Rescue Exercise and tabletop exercise in Chennai (June 2026).
• Both sides agreed to enhance operational interoperability, building on the 2020 Mutual Logistics Support Arrangement, including continued cross-deployment of military assets.
• A key announcement was the development of a Memorandum of Understanding on Provision of Defence Articles and Services, aimed at boosting defence industrial cooperation.
• The Ministers welcomed growing engagement in defence industry collaboration, including trade missions and the India–Australia Defence Industry Roundtable (October 2025).
• Both countries agreed to expand cooperation in defence science and technology, particularly in sensor technologies and emerging systems, and India was invited to the 2026 Australian Defence Science, Technology and Research Summit.
• Defence exercises and military exchanges were strengthened, including Exercise Talisman Sabre 2027, Exercise Milan 2026, Exercise Kakadu 2026, and Exercise Pitch Black (air-to-air refuelling cooperation).
• New operational cooperation areas include amphibious warfare, littoral operations, submarine rescue exercises, and operational information sharing.
• Training cooperation was also strengthened with plans for an Indian Visiting Instructor at the Australian Defence College (2028–29).
• The dialogue also highlighted strengthening alignment among India, Australia, Japan, and the United States (Quad grouping) in the Indo-Pacific.
• They supported the Quad Indo-Pacific Maritime Surveillance Collaboration Initiative, focusing on maritime surveillance, interoperability, and tabletop exercises.
• India’s operationalisation of the Indian Ocean Region programme under Quad MDA through the Information Fusion Centre–IOR (Gurugram) was welcomed.
• Both sides agreed to develop a Common Operational Picture (COP) across the Indo-Pacific using existing maritime domain awareness frameworks.

Indian Air Force Transports Sacred Buddhist Relics to Mongolia

• An Indian Air Force (IAF) IL-76 strategic airlift aircraft, Gajraj, transported the sacred relics of Arahant Sariputta and Arahant Mahamoggallana, the chief disciples of Gautama Buddha, from Delhi to Mongolia on 30 May 2026.
• The mission was carried out using the IL-76 Gajraj, one of the IAF’s key strategic airlift aircraft.
• The aircraft undertook an overnight flight and landed in Mongolia at 1125 hrs IST.
• Arahant Sariputta and Arahant Mahamoggallana are revered as the chief disciples of Gautama Buddha in Buddhist tradition.
• The airlift mission was undertaken in support of India’s cultural diplomacy efforts and to strengthen ties with friendly nations.

About Mongolia :

• President : Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
• Prime Minister : Nyam-Osoryn Uchral
• Capital : Ulaanbaatar
• Currency : Tögrög

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Dr. Jitendra Singh Launches CPGRAMS AI Voice Chatbot ‘Samadhan Didi’ to Democratize Public Grievance Redressal in India

• The Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science and Technology and Earth Sciences, and Minister of State for PMO, Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Space, and Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Jitendra Singh launched the CPGRAMS AI-enabled Voice Chatbot "Samadhan Didi" at Kartavya Bhawan, New Delhi.
• The chatbot was developed by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) in collaboration with Bhashini.

Key Highlights :

• Jitendra Singh described the initiative as the "Democratization of the Public Grievance Mechanism", aimed at enhancing the Ease of Using public services for citizens.
• The chatbot leverages Artificial Intelligence (AI) to make grievance redressal more accessible, responsive, efficient, and citizen-centric.
• Samadhan Didi enables citizens to register grievances simply by speaking in their own language, without needing to know the concerned ministry, department, category, or sub-category.
• The chatbot can understand the grievance, ask relevant follow-up questions, and automatically identify the appropriate Ministry, Department, category, and sub-category before filing the complaint.
• The system combines the language capabilities of Bhashini with grievance-classification models trained on CPGRAMS data.
• The platform has been developed within secure Government infrastructure, ensuring data privacy and security.
• Jitendra Singh urged States and other stakeholders to adopt similar AI-driven voice-assisted grievance tools for their own grievance portals.
• The Minister highlighted the transformation of CPGRAMS (Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System) over the last 12 years.
• In 2014, only about 2 lakh grievances were registered annually, whereas the system now receives over 25 lakh grievances every year.
• The grievance disposal rate under CPGRAMS has now crossed 95%, reflecting increased public trust in the system.
• The chatbot supports all 22 languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India.
• Additional regional and indigenous languages such as Bhojpuri, Garo, Khasi, Mizo, and Bodo are being incorporated in a phased manner.
• The initiative aims to ensure that India’s linguistic diversity becomes an enabler of access rather than a barrier to governance.
• The chatbot marks a major step toward a multilingual, inclusive, and technology-driven grievance redressal system.
• The chatbot was demonstrated live during the launch event and tested in multiple Indian languages.
• The event was attended by Nivedita Shukla Verma (Secretary, DARPG), Puneet Yadav (Additional Secretary, DARPG), senior DARPG officials, and representatives of Bhashini.

Red Balloon Aerospace Launches India’s First Indigenous Stratospheric Super Pressure Balloon in Vijayawada

• Red Balloon Aerospace Private Limited, an Indian space startup, launched India’s first indigenous Stratospheric Super Pressure Balloon (SPB) named “VISTA” under Mission SANA from Indira Gandhi Stadium, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh (AP).
• With this achievement, India became the 5th country in the world with indigenous stratospheric balloon capability, joining the United States (USA), France, Japan, and China.
• Red Balloon Aerospace is a Vijayawada-based space-tech company founded in May 2025 by two former executives of Skyroot Aerospace.
• The VISTA Super Pressure Balloon Platform ascended to an altitude of approximately 25 kilometres (km) above the Earth.
• The mission carried payloads from 7 national and international partners, demonstrating India's growing capabilities in near-space technologies.
• The payloads were designed to test biological experiment systems, propulsion technologies, earth observation sensors, onboard computing platforms, and navigation validation systems.
• All payload missions were completed successfully, validating India's technical capabilities against international commercial standards.
• The VISTA platform uses Super Pressure Balloon (SPB) technology, which enables it to maintain a stable altitude for weeks or even months without significant gas loss despite day-night temperature variations.
• Mission SANA established a persistent near-space platform for applications such as telecommunications, disaster monitoring, earth observation, surveillance, and navigation services.
• At an altitude of 25 km, the VISTA platform functions as a “tower in the sky”, providing Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) connectivity over large geographical areas.
• The platform can offer cost-effective and continuous coverage in regions where traditional satellites and aircraft may not provide affordable persistent services.
• Co-founder and CEO of Red Balloon Aerospace : Dr. C. V. S. Kiran

 CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

Chandigarh and Bhubaneswar Awarded Hosting Rights for Asian Athletics Events

• The Asian Athletics Association (AAA) awarded hosting rights for the Asian Relays 2027 to Chandigarh and the Asian Indoor Athletics Championships 2028 to Bhubaneswar during its Executive Council meeting in Hong Kong, China.
• Chandigarh will host the 3rd edition of the Asian Relays.
• The inaugural Asian Relays was held in Bangkok, Thailand, in 2024.
• The 2nd Asian Relays will be held in Shaoxing, China, from 20–21 June 2026.
• Bhubaneswar will host the Asian Indoor Athletics Championships 2028 at the Kalinga Stadium.
• The Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar, will also host the World Indoor Championships 2028 from 3–5 March 2028.
• Earlier in 2026, the inaugural National Open Indoor Athletics Championships was organised at the Kalinga Stadium Indoor Facility.
• During the event, Gurindervir Singh set a new Men’s 60-metre National Record by clocking 6.60 seconds.
• The decision reflects India's growing prominence as a destination for hosting major international athletics events.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: BOOKS AND AUTHOR

P.T. Usha and Dilip Tirkey Release Book ‘India’s Olympic Gold: Hockey Triumph at Amsterdam’

• Indian Olympic Association (IOA) President P.T. Usha and Hockey India President Dr. Dilip Tirkey released the book “India’s Olympic Gold: Hockey Triumph at Amsterdam” in New Delhi.
• The book has been authored by K. Arumugam, a renowned hockey historian.
• The publication was released by Hockey India and Stick2Hockey to mark the 98th anniversary of India's first Olympic Gold Medal in hockey.
• The book commemorates India's historic victory at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics, where the Indian Men’s Hockey Team won its first Olympic gold medal.
• India defeated the Netherlands in the final to secure the gold medal during the British colonial period.
• The event was attended by noted hockey legends, including Harbinder Singh, Jagbir Singh, Zafar Iqbal, and Ashok Kumar.
• The book is the 16th publication authored by K. Arumugam, highlighting his significant contribution to documenting the history of Indian hockey.
• The release celebrates one of the most important milestones in India's Olympic sporting history and honours the legacy of Indian hockey.

Vaibhav Sooryavanshi Becomes Youngest Player to Score 600 Runs in an Indian Premier League Season, Breaks Chris Gayle’s Sixes Record

• Vaibhav Sooryavanshi, the 15-year-old Rajasthan Royals opener, created history during the Indian Premier League (IPL) 2026 Eliminator against Sunrisers Hyderabad at the Maharaja Yadavindra Singh International Cricket Stadium, New Chandigarh.
• He broke Chris Gayle’s record for the most sixes in a single Indian Premier League season, surpassing Gayle's tally of 59 sixes set in 2012.
• Vaibhav achieved the milestone by hitting his 61st six and later extended his tally to 65 sixes in the season.
• He also became the youngest player in Indian Premier League history to score 600 runs in a single season.
• The previous record was held by Rishabh Pant, who achieved the feat in 2018 while playing for Delhi Daredevils.
• Most Sixes in a Single Indian Premier League Season:
• Vaibhav Sooryavanshi (Rajasthan Royals) – 65 (2026)
• Chris Gayle – 59 (2012)
• Andre Russell – 52 (2019)
• Chris Gayle – 51 (2013)
• Jos Buttler – 45 (2022)
• Indian batters with most sixes in a single Indian Premier League season:
• Vaibhav Sooryavanshi (Rajasthan Royals) – 65 (2026)
• Abhishek Sharma – 42 (2024)
• Shreyas Iyer – 39 (2025)
• Virat Kohli – 38 (2016)
• Virat Kohli – 38 (2024)
• Suryakumar Yadav – 38 (2025)
• Vaibhav Sooryavanshi also became the fastest batter in Twenty20 cricket history to hit 100 sixes, reaching the milestone in just 515 deliveries.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

World Milk Day 2026 – 1 June

• World Milk Day is observed every year on 1 June to recognize the importance of milk and the dairy sector in nutrition, livelihoods, and sustainable development.
• The day was established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) and was first celebrated globally on 1 June 2001.
• The observance highlights milk as a globally important food and acknowledges the contribution of the dairy industry to economic growth, food security, and nutrition.
• The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) coordinates and promotes World Milk Day celebrations worldwide.
• Historical Milestones:
• 9000–7000 BC – Humans began consuming milk after the domestication of mammals during the Neolithic Age.
• 1300 AD – Mongolians used dried horse milk paste that could be reconstituted with water during long journeys.
• 1600s – The invention of ice cream expanded the use of milk-based products.
• 1840 – Railways in England enabled the transportation of milk from rural farming areas to urban centres.
• 1 June 2001 – World Milk Day was celebrated globally for the first time under the initiative of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
• 2016 – Several major producers, including Russia, China, Canada, and the European Union (EU), achieved significant self-sufficiency in milk production.
• The day promotes awareness about the nutritional value of milk and the role of the dairy sector in supporting millions of farmers worldwide.

About Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

• Headquarters: Rome, Italy
• Founded: 1945
• Parent Organization: United Nations
• Director-General: Qu Dongyu

Global Day of Parents 2026 – 1 June

• Global Day of Parents is observed every year on 1 June to honour parents worldwide for their selfless commitment, sacrifice, and lifelong dedication to nurturing and supporting their children.
• The day recognizes the critical role of parents in the upbringing, protection, education, and overall development of children.
• In 2012, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) proclaimed 1 June as the Global Day of Parents, to be observed annually.
• The observance highlights the importance of the family as the primary environment for the growth and well-being of children.
• In 1993, through Resolution 47/237, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) declared 15 May as the International Day of Families.
• The year 1994 was proclaimed by the United Nations (UN) as the International Year of the Family, emphasizing the significance of families in society.
• Historical milestones associated with parenting awareness:
• 1987 – Parenting magazine was launched and later became one of the most widely circulated parenting publications.
• 5 August 1994 – The United States House of Representatives introduced a resolution establishing National Parents’ Day in the United States.
• 1998 – The family-themed film The Parent Trap was released, highlighting parent-child relationships.
• The observance serves as a reminder of the vital contribution of parents to building strong families, communities, and societies.

About United Nations (UN)

• Headquarters: United Nations New York, United States
• Founded: 1945
• Secretary-General: António Guterres

International Sex Workers’ Day 2026 – 2 June

• International Sex Workers’ Day is observed annually on 2 June to highlight the rights, dignity, safety, and working conditions of sex workers around the world.
• The day is also known as International Whores’ Day and commemorates the struggle against discrimination, stigma, violence, and exploitation faced by sex workers.
• The observance traces its origins to 2 June 1975, when approximately 100 sex workers in France occupied Saint-Nizier Church in Lyon to protest against the criminalisation of their work and poor living conditions.
• The protest drew international attention to issues affecting sex workers and led to a broader discussion on their rights and welfare.
• The occupation lasted for eight days before police removed the protesters.
• Although the protest did not immediately result in policy reforms, it is widely regarded as a landmark event that helped inspire the European sex workers’ rights movement.
• Since 1975, 2 June has been commemorated as International Sex Workers’ Day by advocacy groups and organisations in various countries.

Telangana Formation Day 2026 – 2 June

• Telangana Formation Day is observed every year on 2 June to commemorate the formation of Telangana as the 29th state of India in 2014.
• The day marks the separation of Telangana from the erstwhile Andhra Pradesh after a prolonged statehood movement.
• Telangana officially came into existence on 2 June 2014 under the provisions of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014.
• On 1 November 1956, the Telangana region of the former Hyderabad State was merged with Andhra State to form the unified state of Andhra Pradesh for Telugu-speaking people.
• In 1969, the Telangana region witnessed a major movement demanding a separate state.
• The demand for statehood continued for several decades through various political and social movements.
• In February 2014, the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Bill, 2014 was passed by the Parliament of India after years of agitation and political deliberations.
• The Act provided for the creation of Telangana comprising 10 districts carved out of northwestern Andhra Pradesh.
• Telangana became the 29th state of India on 2 June 2014, with Hyderabad serving as its capital.
• Telangana Formation Day is celebrated with official ceremonies, cultural programmes, flag hoisting, and tributes to those who contributed to the statehood movement.

About Telangana

• Capital: Hyderabad
• Chief Minister: A. Revanth Reddy
• Governor: Shiv Pratap Shukla
• Statehood Day: 2 June 2014

CURRENT AFFAIRS : OBITUAIRES

Padma Shri Recipient and Eminent Urdu Poet Dr. Bashir Badr Passed away at 91 in Bhopal

• Renowned Urdu poet, Padma Shri awardee, Bashir Badr passed away at the age of 91 in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (MP).
• Bashir Badr was born in 1935 in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh (UP).
• He served as a faculty member at Meerut College until 1990, a period considered the most significant phase of his literary and poetic career.
• During his teaching career, he gained recognition both in India and internationally for his distinctive contribution to Urdu poetry.
• Bashir Badr is credited with giving Urdu poetry a modern identity through his use of simple, everyday language, making his poetry accessible to a wider audience.

Awards & Honors :

• The Government of India (GoI) conferred the Padma Shri on Bashir Badr in 1999 for his outstanding contribution to Literature and Education.
• He was also awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award (Urdu) in 1999 for his celebrated poetry collection Aas, which contains 69 ghazals and is regarded as one of his finest works.

Daily CA One- Liner: June 2^nd

• Government of India constituted a High-Level Committee to study demographic changes arising from illegal immigration and other abnormal reasons, and recommend measures to address them
• The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) released the National Family Health Survey-6 (NFHS-6), conducted during 2023-24
• Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru has overtaken Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Mumbai to become India’s second-busiest domestic airport
• Indian Railways unveiled a redesigned logo featuring 18 red stars, marking the creation of South Coast Railway (SCoR) as India's 18th Railway Zone, effective 1 June 2026
• The Asian Athletics Association (AAA) awarded hosting rights for the Asian Relays 2027 to Chandigarh and the Asian Indoor Athletics Championships 2028 to Bhubaneswar during its Executive Council meeting in Hong Kong, China
• Indian Olympic Association (IOA) President P.T. Usha and Hockey India President Dr. Dilip Tirkey released the book “India’s Olympic Gold: Hockey Triumph at Amsterdam” in New Delhi.
• Vaibhav Sooryavanshi, the 15-year-old Rajasthan Royals opener, created history during the Indian Premier League (IPL) 2026 Eliminator against Sunrisers Hyderabad at the Maharaja Yadavindra Singh International Cricket Stadium, New Chandigarh
• World Milk Day is observed every year on 1 June to recognize the importance of milk and the dairy sector in nutrition, livelihoods, and sustainable development
• Global Day of Parents is observed every year on 1 June to honour parents worldwide for their selfless commitment, sacrifice, and lifelong dedication to nurturing and supporting their children
• International Sex Workers’ Day is observed annually on 2 June to highlight the rights, dignity, safety, and working conditions of sex workers around the world
• Telangana Formation Day is observed every year on 2 June to commemorate the formation of Telangana as the 29th state of India in
• Export levies [Special Additional Excise Duty (SAED) / Road and Infrastructure Cess (RIC)] on exports of Petrol, Diesel, and Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) were introduced with effect from 27 March 2026.
• The Central Government has temporarily exempted all customs duties on cotton imports from 1 June 2026 to 31 October 2026.
• Taiwan Stock Exchange surpassed India to become the world’s 5th largest stock market by market capitalization in 2026.
• The National Institute of Securities Markets (NISM), an educational and capacity-building institution established by SEBI, has entered into a strategic partnership with Galgotias University, Uttar Pradesh, to strengthen learning in securities markets, financial services, derivatives, fintech, and risk management.
• Vice Admiral Sanjay Vatsayan, PVSM, AVSM, NM assumed charge as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief (FOC-in-C), Western Naval Command on 30 May 2026 at a ceremonial parade held in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• Nationalist politician Janez Janša, leader of the Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS), was elected as the Prime Minister (PM) of Slovenia for a fourth term.
• The second edition of the India–Australia Defence Ministers’ Dialogue was co-chaired by Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh and Australian Deputy Prime Minister & Defence Minister Mr Richard Marles at the Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi on 01 June 2026.
• An Indian Air Force (IAF) IL-76 strategic airlift aircraft, Gajraj, transported the sacred relics of Arahant Sariputta and Arahant Mahamoggallana, the chief disciples of Gautama Buddha, from Delhi to Mongolia on 30 May 2026.
• The Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science and Technology and Earth Sciences, and Minister of State for PMO, Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Space, and Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Jitendra Singh launched the CPGRAMS AI-enabled Voice Chatbot "Samadhan Didi" at Kartavya Bhawan, New Delhi.
• Red Balloon Aerospace Private Limited, an Indian space startup, launched India’s first indigenous Stratospheric Super Pressure Balloon (SPB) named “VISTA” under Mission SANA from Indira Gandhi Stadium, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh (AP).
• Renowned Urdu poet, Padma Shri awardee, Bashir Badr passed away at the age of 91 in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (MP).