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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING , FINANCE & BUSINESS

Reserve Bank of India May Adopt Secured Rate as New Operational Benchmark for Policy Transmission   

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is considering replacing the unsecured Weighted Average Call Rate (WACR) with a secured rate for effective monetary policy transmission.
• Possible alternatives include the Tri-Party Repo Dealing System (TREPS) rate or the newly introduced Secured Overnight Rupee Rate (SORR).
• This recommendation comes from Japanese brokerage firm Nomura in a recent report.
• A secured rate would better reflect short-term funding conditions and align India with global best practices.
• The call money market shows stagnant volumes (~₹12,000 crore daily), whereas the secured repo market has grown substantially (TREPS handles ₹3-4 lakh crore daily).
• Transitioning to a secured rate would require more active liquidity management by the RBI.
• Mutual funds, major lenders in secured markets, do not have access to RBI’s standing liquidity facilities, posing a challenge.
• The RBI’s liquidity management framework, introduced in February 2020, is currently under review.
• The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) sets the policy repo rate (currently 5.50%), but the RBI’s liquidity management team ensures the operative rate aligns with the policy rate.
• Nomura suggests a secured rate would improve transmission of policy changes to the broader economy by better reflecting short-term funding conditions and involving wider market participation.
• RBI is unlikely to set a fixed quantitative liquidity target (like +1% of net demand and time liabilities - NDTL) due to forecasting challenges in daily liquidity.

Recent News :

• In May 2025, A working group of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), chaired by Radha Shyam Ratho, reviewed trading and settlement timings and recommended extending call money market trading hours.

About RBI :

• Established : 1 April 1935
• Headquarters : Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
• Governor : Sanjay Malhotra

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Grants $100 Million Funding to IIFL Home Finance

• IIFL Home Finance Ltd (IIFL HFL) received $100 million (approx. ₹858 crore) in financing from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) on July 12, 2025.
• The partnership aims to enhance access to affordable housing finance for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) and Lower Income Groups (LIG).
• The initiative will also promote green building standards to support climate-conscious housing development.
• On the demand side, IIFL HFL will provide home loans to EWS/LIG families in urban and semi-urban areas for buying or constructing homes.
• On the supply side, the company will finance affordable housing developers, particularly those integrating green certification standards for sustainable construction.
• The funding will strengthen IIFL HFL’s green housing portfolio and support India’s climate goals.
• This collaboration aligns with the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban (PMAY-U 2.0), addressing the urban housing shortage.
• The partnership supports India’s green building agenda and helps bridge the housing gap for low-income families.
• IIFL HFL operates across 376 branches in 18 states, focusing on underserved areas, including Tier 1 suburbs and Tier 2 to Tier 4 towns.
• ED & CEO of IIFL HFL : Monu Ratra
• Director General at AIIB : Gregory Liu

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

India Launches World's First Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)

• India has become the first country in the world to launch a Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), integrating AI-powered tools to preserve, protect, and promote ancient Indian medicine systems like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa, and Homoeopathy.
• The initiative has received global praise, including recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO).

Key Highlights :

• First-of-its-Kind Global Initiative: TKDL is a digital platform that catalogues India’s traditional medical knowledge using Artificial Intelligence for better accessibility and analysis.
• Preservation & Innovation: Aims to prevent misuse of traditional medicine and enable new drug research by linking age-old remedies with modern science.
• AI Applications Recognized by WHO: WHO’s report, Mapping the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Traditional Medicine, praised India’s AI uses in pulse diagnosis, tongue analysis, and Prakriti assessment.
• Ayurgenomics: A new field combining Ayurveda and genomics for personalized healthcare has been highlighted as a key innovation.
• PM Modi’s “AI for All” Vision: India’s commitment to AI for public good in healthcare was emphasized at the GPAI Summit 2023 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• Global Relevance: TKDL also enables comparison with other traditional systems like Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and fosters development of AI sensors to analyze qualities like Rasa, Guna, and Virya.

Assam Cabinet Approves Comprehensive Welfare Measures in 2025–26 Budget

• The Assam government, in its Cabinet meeting, sanctioned a series of welfare schemes targeting rural governance, social protection, wildlife conservation, and cultural preservation, in line with the state’s 2025–26 Budget objectives.

Key Highlights :

• Salary Revision for Gaon Pradhans: Monthly pay increased from ₹9,000 to ₹14,000 (effective October 1, 2025), including those in forest villages, to enhance rural leadership.
• Enhanced Honorarium for Anganwadi Staff: Anganwadi Workers to receive ₹8,000 and Helpers ₹4,000 per month, aiming to improve childcare services and maternal support.
• Gaja Mitra Scheme: Launched in eight conflict-prone districts (Goalpara, Udalguri, Nagaon, Baksa, Sonitpur, Golaghat, Jorhat, Biswanath) with 80 community response teams to safely manage human–elephant interactions during the paddy season.
• Monastic Stipend: ₹1,500 monthly for celibate monks (Udasin Bhakats) residing in Satras, ensuring support for Assam’s spiritual heritage.
• Prerona Aasoni Scheme: Class X students of ASSEB (Div-1) schools to receive ₹300 per month from November 1, 2025 until their HSLC exams (2026), promoting secondary education retention.
• GST Reimbursement for Bell Metal Artisans: Assam GST Reimbursement Scheme 2025 to refund SGST paid by indigenous bell metal industries, strengthening traditional craftsmanship.
• University Renaming: Rabindranath Tagore University to be renamed Rabindranath Thakur Vishwavidyalaya, aligning with Assamese pronunciation and cultural identity.

RECENT NEWS

• In a landmark policy push aimed at promoting social inclusion and grassroots empowerment, Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma on June 23, 2025, announced that the transgender community in Assam will now be granted OBC (Other Backward Class) status.

Gujarat Becomes First State to Join Cruise Bharat Mission

• In a significant boost to India’s cruise tourism sector, Gujarat has become the first state to officially join the Cruise Bharat Mission, a national initiative launched to transform India into a leading global cruise destination by 2029.

Key Highlights :

• Cruise Bharat Mission Overview: Launched by Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal on September 30, 2024, the mission aims to increase sea cruise traffic tenfold by 2029 and promote India’s maritime tourism potential.
• Strategic Advantage for Gujarat: With the longest coastline in India (2,340 km), Gujarat plans to develop dedicated cruise terminals and maritime infrastructure, which were previously lacking.
• New Cruise Circuits: Gujarat will develop coastal cruise circuits connecting destinations such as Diu, Veraval, Porbandar, Dwarka, Jamnagar, Okha, and Padala Island.
• Tourism Cluster Division: Coastal cruise tourism is structured into three clusters, each with key tourist destinations within a 100-km radius:
  • Padala Island – Rann of Kutch
  • Porbandar – Veraval – Diu
  • Dwarka – Okha – Jamnagar
• Economic and Tourism Benefits: The project is expected to boost local employment, attract private investment, and promote religious, cultural, and ecological tourism along the western coastline.

RECENT NEWS

• Gujarat has officially become the third state in India to cross the milestone of one crore registered stock market investors, according to the latest figures released by the National Stock Exchange (NSE). This achievement places Gujarat alongside Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh, the only other states to reach this landmark

Byrnihat, Delhi Top Air Pollution Rankings in First Half of 2025: CREA Report

• A recent study by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) revealed that Byrnihat, located on the Assam–Meghalaya border, had the worst air pollution levels in India during January to June 2025, followed closely by Delhi.
• The findings, based on data from 293 government monitoring stations, raise serious concerns about worsening urban air quality.

Key Highlights :

• Highest PM 2.5 Levels:
  Byrnihat recorded an average PM 2.5 concentration of 133 µg/m³, followed by Delhi at 87 µg/m³, both far exceeding the safe national limit of 40 µg/m³.
• Other Most Polluted Cities:
  Included Hajipur (Bihar), Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh), Gurgaon (Haryana), along with Sasaram, Patna, Rajgir (Bihar), and Talcher, Rourkela (Odisha).
• What is PM 2.5:
  Fine particulate matter measuring less than 2.5 micrometres, capable of penetrating lungs and entering the bloodstream. Linked to asthma, heart disease, and respiratory issues.
• CAAQMS Monitoring Data:
  Out of 293 cities:
  • 122 cities exceeded national PM 2.5 limits.
  • 117 cities were within safe levels.
  • 259 cities had already crossed the annual PM 2.5 limit by June 2025.
  • Under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), 131 cities are under surveillance; 98 have functional monitoring stations.
• Cleanest Cities in India:
  Aizawl (Mizoram) topped the list with PM 2.5 at 8 µg/m³, still above the WHO safe level of 5 µg/m³. Other clean cities included:
  • Tirupur, Tirunelveli (Tamil Nadu)
  • Bareilly, Vrindavan (Uttar Pradesh)
  • Maihar (Madhya Pradesh)
  • Imphal (Manipur)
  • Chamrajanagar, Chikkamagaluru (Karnataka)

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Manish Chopra Named New Chief Executive Officer of Aditya Birla-Owned Sabyasachi Couture   

• Aditya Birla Group-owned Sabyasachi Couture has appointed Manish Chopra as its new Chief Executive Officer (CEO).
• Chopra previously worked with Reliance Retail-backed Shein India and was earlier with Meta.
• His appointment comes as India’s luxury apparel market is witnessing a revival post a subdued 2024.
• Indian luxury brands like Sabyasachi, Manish Malhotra, and Gaurav Gupta are expanding globally.
• Chopra had joined Reliance Retail Ventures in mid-2023 to lead Shein India’s operations, but Shein's consumer app is still in early stages in India.
• Reliance Retail and Shein are also discussing a global sourcing partnership, amid US-China tariff tensions and Beijing's push against shifting production overseas.
• Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail Ltd. (ABFRL) holds a 51% stake in Sabyasachi Couture, acquired in 2021 for ₹398 crore.
• ABFRL has also invested in other Indian designer labels including Tarun Tahiliani, Masaba, and Shantanu & Nikhil.

Centre Names Abhijat Sheth as New Chairperson of National Medical Commission

• The Union Cabinet has appointed Abhijat Sheth as the new Chairperson of the National Medical Commission (NMC).
• He replaces Suresh Gangadhar, who stepped down due to health concerns.
• Abhijat Sheth is a cardiothoracic surgeon and also serves as the President of the National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS).
• Sheth stated that his priorities will include:
• Improving quality of medical education
• Promoting good governance
• Fostering teamwork to achieve governmental objectives
• Gangadhar had resigned in October, but continued in office due to lack of a suitable replacement at the time, according to official sources.

About National Medical Commission :

• Formation : 25-September-2020
• Headquarters : New Delhi, India

President Murmu Nominates Former Foreign Secretary Shringla, 26/11 Prosecutor Nikam, and Two Others to Rajya Sabha

• On July 14, 2025, President Droupadi Murmu nominated four eminent individuals to the Rajya Sabha under Article 80(1)(a) and 80(3) of the Indian Constitution.
• The nominees are:

1. Harsh Vardhan Shringla – Former Foreign Secretary and Chief Coordinator of G20 Summit 2023
2. Ujjwal Nikam – Special Public Prosecutor in the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks case
3. C. Sadanandan – BJP leader from Kerala, former teacher, and social worker
4. Meenakshi Jain – Delhi-based historian, Padma Shri awardee, known for her work on Indian history and British rule

• The Union Home Ministry officially notified the nominations to fill vacancies caused by the retirement/resignation of: Vijay Darda, Shri Mahesh Jethmalani, Dr. C. S. Sadasivan, and Shri Harsh Mahajan
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi welcomed the nominations and praised the contributions of each:
• Shringla – for his diplomatic service
• Nikam – for his legal expertise and dedication to justice
• Meenakshi Jain – for her historical research and academic work
• Sadanandan – for his courage, teaching, and service to society
• C. Sadanandan was a victim of political violence in 1994, losing both legs, but went on to be a BJP Assembly candidate from Koothuparamba, a sensitive constituency in Kerala.
• All four seats were under the nominated (eminent persons) category in the Rajya Sabha and have now been filled.

Sonali Mishra Appointed as First Woman Chief of Railway Protection Force   

• Sonali Mishra, a 1993-batch IPS officer of the Madhya Pradesh cadre, has been appointed as the first woman Director General (DG) of the Railway Protection Force (RPF).
• Her appointment was approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, and she will serve until her superannuation on October 31, 2026.
• She will take over from the current DG, Manoj Yadava, who is due to retire on July 31, 2025.
• Mishra is currently serving as Additional Director General (Selection) in the Madhya Pradesh Police.
• The RPF, formed under the Railway Protection Force Act, 1957, is responsible for the security of railway property and passengers.
• The RPF gained the status of an "armed force of the Union" on September 20, 1985.
• Mishra was earlier appointed in July 2021 as the first woman commandant to head a BSF formation along the India-Pakistan border in Punjab.
• She has also served as:
• Inspector General (IG) in the Kashmir Valley
• Head of the BSF’s Intelligence Wing
• Additional Director General (ADG) in the Border Security Force (BSF)
• She is a recipient of:
• PMDS – President’s Police Medal for Distinguished Service
• PMMS – Police Medal for Meritorious Service

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

India Participates in Bilateral Military Exercise in Australia

• India, along with 18 other nations, is participating in Talisman Sabre 2025, a major bilateral military drill led by Australia, which started on July 13, 2025.
• This is the 11th edition of Talisman Sabre, the largest and most sophisticated warfighting exercise ever held in Australia.
• The exercise involves more than 35,000 military personnel from 19 nations.
• Participating countries include Australia, USA, Canada, Fiji, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Tonga, and the UK.
• Malaysia and Vietnam are attending as observers.
• The exercise spans multiple Australian regions: Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, New South Wales, Christmas Island, and for the first time, activities will also take place outside Australia in Papua New Guinea.
• It includes live-fire exercises, field training activities, force preparation, amphibious landings, ground force maneuvers, air combat, and maritime operations.
• New Australian Defence Force capabilities will be showcased, including UH-60M Black Hawks and the Precision Strike Missile.
• The official opening ceremony will be conducted by Vice-Admiral Justin Jones (Royal Australian Navy) and Lieutenant General Joel B. Vowell (U.S. Army Pacific) at Garden Island, Sydney.

About Ministry of Defence:

• Cabinet Minister: Rajnath Singh
• Minister of State (MoS): Shri Sanjay Seth

Indian Coast Guard Rescues Two U.S. Sailors Stranded Near Andaman & Nicobar Islands  

• The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) conducted a rescue operation on July 10, 2025, for the U.S.-flagged sailing vessel ‘Sea Angel’, stranded 52 nautical miles southeast of Indira Point, Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
• The yacht, with two crew members, was disabled due to extremely rough sea conditions, a blown sail, and an entangled propeller.
• Upon receiving the distress alert, the Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC) Port Blair activated protocols and alerted nearby merchant vessels.
• The ICG deployed Ship Rajveer, which reached the vessel, established communication, and conducted an on-site assessment.
• The crew members were found unharmed and in good health.
• The vessel was safely towed and escorted to Campbell Bay Harbour.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Microsoft Unveils BioEmu AI System to Speed Up Understanding of Protein Behavior in Humans                          

• Microsoft has launched BioEmu, an artificial intelligence system aimed at accelerating the understanding of protein behavior in the human body.
• BioEmu helps reduce the time and complexity traditionally involved in protein simulations, which typically take years using conventional methods.
• BioEmu-1 (Biomolecular Emulator-1) is a deep learning model capable of generating thousands of protein structures per hour on a single GPU.
• It aids in decoding protein motion, thereby enabling faster drug discovery.
• Developed by Microsoft Research’s AI for Science team, the system can predict protein conformational changes—the shapes and movements proteins undergo during biological functions.
• The upgraded model, BioEmu version 1.1, is a generative AI model that can emulate real-world protein stability.
• BioEmu 1.1 achieves prediction errors under 1 kcal/mol and shows strong correlation scores above 0.6 on large datasets.

About Microsoft :

• Founded : April 4, 1975
• Headquarters : Washington, U.S
• Chairman & CEO : Satya Nadella

CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS AND AGREEMENT

India Signs 5-Year Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) Fertilizer Deal with Saudi Arabia During JP Nadda’s Visit

• During a three-day official visit to Saudi Arabia (July 11–13, 2025), Union Minister JP Nadda secured long-term agreements to enhance fertilizer supply to India, while also boosting cooperation in health and pharmaceuticals.

Key Highlights :

• India will receive 3.1 million metric tons of Diammonium Phosphate (DAP)  annually from Saudi firm Maaden for five years (2025–2030). This is a significant rise from 1.9 million metric tons in 2024–25. The agreement may be extended for another five years.
• Agreements with Indian Firms: The supply deal involves Maaden and Indian public sector companies like IPL, KRIBHCO, and CIL.
• Cooperation may extend beyond DAP to Urea and other key fertilizers. Indian PSUs have shown interest in investing in Saudi’s fertilizer sector, and Saudi companies may explore opportunities in India.
• A joint team will work on developing customized fertilizers for Indian farming needs, promoting sustainability and productivity.
• Health Sector Collaboration: Nadda met with Saudi Vice Minister of Health Abdulaziz Al-Rumaih to explore joint efforts in medical services, digital health, pharma manufacturing, and knowledge sharing under the health MoU signed during PM Modi’s earlier visit.
• High-Level Strategic Meetings: Nadda held talks with Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman Al Saud, co-chair of the India–Saudi Strategic Partnership Council, to discuss economic cooperation.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

Chelsea FC Wins FIFA Club World Cup 2025 with Dominant 3-0 Victory Over PSG

• Chelsea FC claimed their second FIFA Club World Cup title by defeating Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) 3-0 in the inaugural expanded edition of the tournament held at MetLife Stadium, New Jersey.
• Cole Palmer emerged as the standout performer with two goals and one assist.

Key Highlights :

• Star Performer – Cole Palmer: Scored in the 22nd and 30th minutes, and assisted Joao Pedro for the third goal, earning the adidas Golden Ball (Best Player).
• Match Dominance: Chelsea’s tactical execution under manager Enzo Maresca overwhelmed PSG, who had beaten Real Madrid and Bayern Munich in earlier rounds.
• Joao Pedro’s Goal: The third goal came via a chip over Donnarumma, assisted by Palmer.
• PSG’s Frustration: PSG’s Joao Neves was sent off in the 83rd minute for pulling Marc Cucurella’s hair.
• Historic Prize Pool: Tournament offered a $1 billion prize pool.
  • Chelsea earned $118 million, including $40 million as champion bonus.
  • PSG received $105 million as runners-up.
• Individual Awards:
  • Golden Ball (Best Player): Cole Palmer (Chelsea)
  • Golden Glove (Best Goalkeeper): Robert Sanchez (Chelsea)
  • Bronze Ball: Moises Caicedo (Chelsea)
  • Best Young Player: Desire Doue (PSG)
  • Top Goal Scorer: Gonzalo Garcia (Real Madrid)
• Chelsea’s Achievement: This is Chelsea’s second Club World Cup title, previously won in 2021.

Jannik Sinner Defeats Carlos Alcaraz to Win Maiden Wimbledon Title 2025

• Italy’s Jannik Sinner won his first Wimbledon title by defeating Spain’s Carlos Alcaraz in the men’s singles final, at Centre Court, All England Club, London.
• This win marked Sinner’s fourth Grand Slam title and ended Alcaraz’s 20-match Wimbledon streak.

Key Highlights :

• Match Result: Sinner beat Alcaraz in four sets: 4-6, 6-4, 6-4, 6-4, showcasing composure and resilience, especially in high-pressure moments.
• Streaks Broken: Ended Alcaraz’s 24-match overall winning streak and 20-match unbeaten run at Wimbledon.
• Grand Slam Rivalry: This was a rematch of the 2025 French Open final, where Alcaraz had defeated Sinner. The duo has now shared the last 7 Grand Slam titles, marking a new era of rivalry.
• Historic Comparison: Last time same two players contested French Open and Wimbledon finals in same year was Federer vs Nadal (2006–2008).
• Sinner’s 2025 Season:
  • Australian Open Champion
  • French Open Finalist
  • Wimbledon Champion
  • Defeated Novak Djokovic in the semifinals

MI New York Clinch Second MLC Title with Remarkable Comeback

• In a dramatic turnaround at the Grand Prairie Stadium in Dallas, MI New York defeated Washington Freedom by 5 runs to lift their second Major League Cricket (MLC) trophy.
• After losing 6 of their first 7 matches, MI New York rallied through standout performances with both bat and ball to secure the championship.

Key Highlights :

• Quinton de Kock’s Match‐Defining Innings: Scored 77 off 46 balls (6 fours, 4 sixes), anchoring MI New York’s total of 180/7 with a 72‐run opening stand alongside Monank Patel.
• Late Fireworks: Kunwarjeet Singh’s unbeaten 22 off 13 propelled the final total past reach, following a 56‐run second‐wicket partnership with Nicholas Pooran (22).
• Rushil Ugarkar’s Nerve in Final Over: At 22 years old, he defended 12 runs needed by Washington Freedom, delivering tight bowling and inducing a crucial catch by Michael Bracewell.
• Freedom’s Revival Stifled: Despite an 84‐run partnership between Rachin Ravindra (70) and Jack Edwards (33), regular breakthroughs by MI New York prevented the chase from gaining momentum.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : OBITUARIES

Former Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari Passed away                 

• Muhammadu Buhari, former Nigerian President and ex-military ruler, died at age 82 in London following a prolonged illness.
• Current Nigerian President Bola Tinubu announced Buhari’s death and ordered flags to fly at half-staff in his honor.

About Muhammadu Buhari :

• Buhari ruled Nigeria first as a military junta leader in the 1980s and later as an elected democrat from 2015 to 2023, serving two terms.
• His presidency was marked by frequent medical trips abroad, sparking criticism over government transparency and raising concerns about leadership stability.
• Buhari’s aide, Shehu, revealed in a book that he fabricated a story about rats invading the presidential office to divert attention from Buhari’s health issues.
• Buhari made history as the first opposition candidate to defeat an incumbent president in Nigeria in the 2015 election, a landmark for Nigerian democracy.
• Despite hopes for change, his tenure was criticized for failing to resolve issues like corruption, insecurity, and economic problems.
• He secured a second term in 2019 despite ongoing concerns about health and governance.
• Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie described Buhari’s government as a "failure of leadership," accusing it of ineffectiveness and wilful indifference.

Veteran Telugu Actor Kota Srinivasa Rao Passed away      

• Kota Srinivasa Rao, veteran Telugu actor known for villainous and comedy roles, passed away on July 13, 2025, at age 83 in Hyderabad.
• Kota was a former BJP MLA from Vijayawada (served 1999-2004) before focusing fully on his acting career.
• He acted in over 750 films spanning four decades, making significant contributions to comedy, villainous, and character roles.
• Known for his unique dialogue delivery in the Telangana dialect, he became a household name.
• Started as a theatre artist and transitioned to films, gaining fame with roles such as a politician in the film ‘Prathighatana’ and his comedy in ‘Aha Naa Pellanta’.
• Memorable for dialogues in Ramgopal Verma’s ‘Gaayam’, which remain popular in contemporary internet memes.
• He was inspired by friend and actor Babu Mohan to enter politics, contesting and winning from Vijayawada on a BJP ticket.
• Awarded the prestigious Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2015, along with numerous state and film association awards.
• Kota faced personal tragedy with the loss of his son in a road accident, deeply affecting him.
• Due to age-related health issues, he reduced film work in later years, spending more time at home.
• His legacy includes infusing freshness and uniqueness into Telugu cinema’s comedy and character roles, securing a special place in its history.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

World Youth Skills Day 2025: July 15

• On July 15thWorld Youth Skills Day 2025 is celebrated to mention the significance of developing skills among young people worldwide.
• World Youth Skills Day 2025 aims to raise awareness about the need to equip young people with skills for employability, entrepreneurship, and self-employment.
• The theme for 2025 World Youth Skills Day is "Youth empowerment through AI and digital skills". 

History

• World Youth Skills Day was created by the United Nations General Assembly on November 11, 2014, through a resolution initiated by Sri Lanka, and supported by some other countries.
• The first World Youth Skills Day was celebrated on July 15, 2015.
• The day intends to "raise awareness on the importance of investing in youth skills development" with that in mind.
• The day is an opportunity to ensure that young people have the skills and knowledge needed to contribute meaningfully to society and the economy.
• World Youth Skills Day 2025 aims to encourage governments, employers, industries, training providers, and other stakeholders to address the global challenge of a lack of technical vocational education and training (TVET) for young people.

Daily CA One- Liner: July 15

• India has become the first country in the world to launch a Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), integrating AI-powered tools to preserve, protect, and promote ancient Indian medicine systems like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa, and Homoeopathy
• The Assam government, in its Cabinet meeting, sanctioned a series of welfare schemes targeting rural governance, social protection, wildlife conservation, and cultural preservation, in line with the state’s 2025–26 Budget
• In a significant boost to India’s cruise tourism sector, Gujarat has become the first state to officially join the Cruise Bharat Mission, a national initiative launched to transform India into a leading global cruise destination by 2029
• A recent study by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) revealed that Byrnihat, located on the Assam–Meghalaya border, had the worst air pollution levels in India during January to June 2025, followed closely by Delhi
• During a three-day official visit to Saudi Arabia (July 11–13, 2025), Union Minister JP Nadda secured long-term agreements to enhance fertilizer supply to India, while also boosting cooperation in health and pharmaceuticals
• Chelsea FC claimed their second FIFA Club World Cup title by defeating Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) 3-0 in the inaugural expanded edition of the tournament held at MetLife Stadium, New Jersey
• Italy’s Jannik Sinner won his first Wimbledon title by defeating Spain’s Carlos Alcaraz in the men’s singles final, at Centre Court, All England Club, London.
• In a dramatic turnaround at the Grand Prairie Stadium in Dallas, MI New York defeated Washington Freedom by 5 runs to lift their second Major League Cricket (MLC) trophy
• On July 15thWorld Youth Skills Day 2025 is celebrated to mention the significance of developing skills among young people worldwide.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is considering replacing the unsecured Weighted Average Call Rate (WACR) with a secured rate for effective monetary policy transmission.
• Aditya Birla Group-owned Sabyasachi Couture has appointed Manish Chopra as its new Chief Executive Officer (CEO).
• The Union Cabinet has appointed Abhijat Sheth as the new Chairperson of the National Medical Commission (NMC).
• On July 14, 2025, President Droupadi Murmu nominated four eminent individuals to the Rajya Sabha under Article 80(1)(a) and 80(3) of the Indian Constitution.
• Sonali Mishra, a 1993-batch IPS officer of the Madhya Pradesh cadre, has been appointed as the first woman Director General (DG) of the Railway Protection Force (RPF).
• India, along with 18 other nations, is participating in Talisman Sabre 2025, a major bilateral military drill led by Australia, which started on July 13, 2025.
• IIFL Home Finance Ltd (IIFL HFL) received $100 million (approx. ₹858 crore) in financing from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) on July 12, 2025.
• The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) conducted a rescue operation on July 10, 2025, for the U.S.-flagged sailing vessel ‘Sea Angel’, stranded 52 nautical miles southeast of Indira Point, Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
• Microsoft has launched BioEmu, an artificial intelligence system aimed at accelerating the understanding of protein behavior in the human body.
• Muhammadu Buhari, former Nigerian President and ex-military ruler, died at age 82 in London following a prolonged illness.
• Kota Srinivasa Rao, veteran Telugu actor known for villainous and comedy roles, passed away, at age 83 in Hyderabad.