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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING & FINANCE

Reserve Bank of India to Increase Gold Loan Loan-to-Value Ratio to 85% for Amounts Below ₹2.5 Lakh: Governor Sanjay Malhotra

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will increase the Loan-to-Value (LTV) ratio for gold loans to 85% for loan amounts under ₹2.5 lakh, up from the current 75%.
• The announcement was made by RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra at the RBI headquarters.

Key Highlights :

• The 85% LTV will include both principal and interest, unlike the earlier practice where only the principal was considered.
• This move is aimed at better regulation of small-ticket gold lending with minimal risk.
• Some non-bank lenders and small banks were reportedly stretching the LTV to 88%, whereas public sector banks adhered to the principal + interest inclusion.
• A final regulation on gold lending will be issued after public consultation and impact assessment.
• The new norms will:
• Do away with credit appraisal for loans up to ₹2.5 lakh backed by gold.
• Introduce self-declaration by the borrower when purchase receipts of gold are not available.
• Make end-use monitoring compulsory only for loans counted under Priority Sector Lending (PSL).
• If additional securities are offered apart from gold, LTV can exceed 85% based on credit assessment.
• The move comes after the RBI released a draft on gold lending which was meant to consolidate earlier regulations.

Recent News :

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI)has issued a directive requiring all regulated financial entities to use the PRAVAAH portal for submitting applications related to licences, authorisations, and approvals starting May 1, 2025.

About RBI:

• Established : 1 April 1935
• Headquarters : Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
• Governor : Sanjay Malhotra

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

Union Health Minister Nadda Champions “Stop Obesity by Eating Safe and Healthy” on World Food Safety Day 2025

• At NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Union Health Minister Shri Jagat Prakash Nadda delivered the keynote address for World Food Safety Day, themed “Stop Obesity by Eating Safe and Healthy”, organised by FSSAI under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.

Key Highlights :

• Theme & Objective: Emphasised food safety and balanced nutrition to curb the rising burden of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), echoing PM Modi’s call for preventive health via traditional, wholesome diets.
• Distinguished Attendees:
  • Dr. Sharanprakash R Patil, Karnataka’s Medical Education Minister
  • MPs Lahar Singh Siroya, P C Mohan
  • Union Health Secretary Ms. Punya Salila Srivastava
  • Senior Government of India officials
• Urgent Call to Action: Cited the ICMR–INDIAB study showing a 39.6% rise in urban obesity and 23.1% in rural (2008–2020), with projections that one-third of India’s population will be obese by 2050.
• Children’s Vulnerability: Warned against ultra-processed and adulterated foods, urging early awareness to instill healthy eating habits in schools.
• Behavioural Change Tools: Launched Sugar and Oil Boards in schools, workplaces, and public spaces as visual nudges to highlight hidden sugars, fats, and calories; recommended adding calorie information to further strengthen impact.
• Eat Right India Initiatives:
  • Awareness Initiative to Stop Obesity under FSSAI’s flagship programme
  • Communication materials in regional languages and sign language
  • Media outreach via FM radio, railway announcements, digital platforms
  • Video message by Chef Ranveer Brar advocating 10% oil reduction

Tamil Nadu Declares Dhanushkodi as Greater Flamingo Sanctuary on World Environment Day 2025

• Tamil Nadu government officially designated Dhanushkodi in Ramanathapuram district as a Greater Flamingo Sanctuary, covering 524.7 hectares within the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, to protect migratory birds and marine biodiversity.

Key Highlights :

• Declaration & Inauguration: Sanctuary notified via Government Order on June 4, 2025, and inaugurated by CM M.K. Stalin on World Environment Day.
• Location & Extent: Spanning 524.7 ha of revenue and forest land at Dhanushkodi, part of the ecologically rich Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve.
• Conservation Objectives:
  • Safeguard migratory wetland birds, especially Greater Flamingos, along the Central Asian Flyway.
  • Uphold international commitments under the Convention on Migratory Species.
  • Promote responsible ecotourism, bolster local livelihoods, and raise biodiversity awareness.
• Ecosystems Protected: Mangroves (Avicennia, Rhizophora), sand dunes, mudflats, and marshes.
• Birdlife & Ecological Value:
  • 10,700+ wetland birds recorded in the 2023–24 survey across 128 species (Greater/Lesser Flamingos, herons, egrets, sandpipers).
  • Habitat for nesting sea turtles and diverse marine life.
• Associated Developments:
  • ₹50-crore Marine Conservation Foundation announced in Budget 2025.
  • Sanctuary will act as a natural coastal defense, serve as a research and tourism hub, and enhance climate resilience awareness.
• Key Attendees: CM M.K. Stalin, Ministers Thangam Thenarasu, R.S. Rajakannappan, T.M. Anbarasan, Addl. Chief Secretary Supriya Sahu, and forest officials Rakesh Kumar Dogra&Srinivas Reddy.

RECENT NEWS

• Tamil Nadu has officially joined the league of Indian states with dedicated space sector policies by unveiling its Space Industrial Policy in April 2025. Aimed at boosting economic growth and job creation, the policy seeks to attract ₹10,000 crore in investments over the next five years.
• Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin announced that the state will soon officially declare May 5 as Traders Day, addressing a long-standing demand of the business community.

President Droupadi Murmu Enacts Key Regulations to Empower Ladakh

• President Droupadi Murmu has promulgated three significant regulations to strengthen Ladakh’s social, cultural, and political landscape.
• These include the Ladakh Reservation (Amendment) Regulation, 2025, providing 85% job reservation for locals; the Ladakh Official Languages Regulation, 2025, recognizing five official languages; and amendments to the Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Councils Regulation, 2025, reserving one-third of seats for women in Hill Councils.
• These reforms focus on local empowerment, cultural preservation, and gender inclusion in governance.

Key Highlights :

• Ladakh Reservation (Amendment) Regulation, 2025:
  • Ensures 85% reservation in public employment for Ladakh residents.
  • Excludes Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) from this reservation quota.
  • Based on the Jammu and Kashmir Reservation Act, 2004, adapted post-Ladakh UT formation.
  • Applies across the entire Union Territory of Ladakh.
  • To be notified officially for implementation.
• Ladakh Official Languages Regulation, 2025:
  • Recognizes English, Hindi, Urdu, Bhoti, and Purgi as official languages.
  • English retains use for existing official purposes.
  • Supports preservation of native languages including Shina, Brokskat, Balti, and Ladakhi.
  • Provides for setting up an Art, Culture, and Language Academy.
  • The Ladakh Administrator may enhance institutional support for language and cultural initiatives.
• Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Councils (Amendment) Regulation, 2025:
  • Reserves one-third of seats in Leh and Kargil Hill Councils for women.
  • Reservation to rotate among constituencies via a serial number system.
  • Aims to increase women’s participation and gender inclusivity in local governance.
• Legal and Constitutional Basis:
  • Promulgated under Article 240 of the Indian Constitution (President’s power to legislate for UTs without legislatures).
  • Powers derived from Section 58 of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019.

Recent news

• Supreme Court collegium made a significant recommendation for the appointment of Justice Arun Palli as the Chief Justice of the Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and Ladakh High Court. This recommendation follows the upcoming retirement of the current Chief Justice, Tashi Rabtan, on April 9, 2025.
• The first phase of the Khelo India Winter Games (KIWG) 2025 concluded with Ladakh emerging as the top performer. Hosted in Leh, the capital of Ladakh, the games featured exciting competitions, including a thrilling men’s ice hockey final where the Indian Army successfully defended its title.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

Kyrgyzstan Removes Central Asia’s Tallest Statue of Soviet Leader Lenin in Osh

• Kyrgyzstan, a Russian ally, has dismantled Central Asia’s tallest monument to Vladimir Lenin, founder of the Soviet Union, in the city of Osh.
• The Lenin statue, measuring 23 meters, was quietly taken down and is planned to be relocated. Osh is the second-largest city in Kyrgyzstan.
• The move is part of a broader trend where ex-Soviet states are trying to strengthen national identities by:
• Renaming cities with Russian-sounding names
• Replacing Soviet-era statues with local/national heroes
• The Osh city hall clarified the decision “should not be politicised”, citing similar actions in several Russian cities where Lenin monuments were also dismantled for reconstruction, maintenance, or aesthetic improvement.
• This step is seen in the context of increased Russian influence, the Ukraine invasion, and rising competition from China and the West in the region.
• Ex-Soviet countries like Ukraine and the Baltic states have already undertaken similar efforts to reject Russian influence.
• Historical context: Kyrgyzstan was:
• Incorporated into the Russian Empire in the 19th century
• Became part of the Soviet Union after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution

About Kyrgyzstan :

• President : Sadyr Japarov
• Capital : Bishkek
• Currency : Kyrgyzstani som

Piyush Goyal and David Lammy Praise India-UK Free Trade Agreement Advances, Commit to Strengthening Sectoral Cooperation

• Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal met with United Kingdom (UK) Foreign Secretary David Lammy on June 7, 2025 to discuss the India-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and future collaboration.
• The meeting was described as "fruitful" by Goyal, who highlighted both sides' appreciation for the work done in finalising the historic India-UK FTA.
• The FTA is expected to boost the growing ties between India and the UK.
• Discussions focused on deepening bilateral trade and strengthening collaboration across various sectors.
• The aim is to unlock the full potential of the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between the two countries.
• The meeting followed high-level engagements during Lammy's visit to New Delhi.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi met Lammy and acknowledged his “substantive contribution” to strengthening the bilateral relationship.
• External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar also held talks with Lammy and appreciated the UK’s condemnation of the recent Pahalgam terror attack.
• Jaishankar emphasized India’s policy of zero tolerance against terrorism and stated that perpetrators of evil will never be equated with victims.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Government appoints Sat Pal Bhanoo as interim Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Life Insurance Corporation of India

• The government has appointed Sat Pal Bhanoo, Managing Director of Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), as the interim Chief Executive Officer (CEO) & Managing Director (MD) of Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC).
• His interim tenure is for three months, from 8 June to 7 September 2025, or until a regular incumbent assumes office, or until further orders.
• The appointment was made by the Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance.
• Sat Pal Bhanoo has been given the financial and administrative powers of the CEO & MD role after the completion of Siddhartha Mohanty’s
• Bhanoo has over 30 years of experience with LIC.
• Prior to becoming Managing Director, he served as Zonal Manager of LIC’s Central Zone (Bhopal).
• He has held several key positions, including:
• Senior Divisional Manager for Bangalore-I and Shimla divisions,
• Regional Manager for Micro Insurance, Corporate Communications, and Personnel & Industrial Relations in LIC’s Northern Zone, New Delhi,
• Chief (Marketing/Senior Business Associate) at LIC’s Central Office in Mumbai.

About LIC :

• Founded : 1 September 1956
• Headquarters : Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Elon Musk’s Starlink Secures Government Approval to Launch Satellite Internet Services in India: Report

• Elon Musk’s Starlink has received a key licence from India's telecom ministry, clearing a major hurdle for launching satellite internet services in India.
• Starlink had been awaiting approval since 2022, facing delays due to national security concerns.
• In contrast, Amazon’s Kuiper is still waiting for its licence to operate in India.
• In March, Bharti Airtel announced a deal with SpaceX to bring Starlink to India, subject to government authorisation.
• Later, Reliance Jio also signed an agreement with SpaceX, marking a surprise collaboration after disputes over spectrum allocation.
• Jio plans to stock Starlink equipment in its retail stores, providing a widespread distribution network across India.
• Both Airtel and Jio deals were conditional on Starlink obtaining government approval.

About Starlink:

• Starlink is a satellite internet service developed by SpaceX (Elon Musk’s company).
• It delivers high-speed, low-latency internet using a constellation of small satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
• As of now, Starlink operates over 6,750 satellites and serves millions of active users globally.
• If launched in India, Starlink could transform internet access, especially in remote and underserved areas.

Elon Musk launches XChat offering WhatsApp-like features

• XChat is the revamped Direct Messaging (DM) feature of the X app (formerly Twitter), introduced by Elon Musk.
• It aims to compete with popular messaging platforms like WhatsApp, Telegram, and Instagram DMs by offering a more advanced communication interface.

Key Features of XChat:

• “Bitcoin-style encryption” for privacy (though Bitcoin itself is not encrypted, raising security concerns).
• Disappearing (vanishing) messages.
• File sharing.
• Cross-platform audio and video calls.
• Enhanced security architecture.
• Currently, XChat is in beta testing, available only to a limited number of users.
• The full rollout is expected within the week, initially for paid X subscribers.
• Access to advanced features (like encrypted messaging and calling) may require a subscription.
• It is unclear if free-tier users will get access to a basic version of XChat.
• This move is part of Elon Musk’s vision to transform X into a super app, expanding from a microblogging site to a day-to-day communication platform.

Indian Institute of Science scientists create new nanozyme that stops excessive blood clotting

• Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have developed an artificial metal-based nanozyme to control abnormal blood clotting caused by diseases like pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE).

Key Highlights :

Blood clotting cascade (haemostasis):

• When a blood vessel is injured, platelets get activated and cluster to form protective clots.
• This involves a complex series of protein interactions triggered by physiological agonists like collagen and thrombin.
• In conditions such as PTE and COVID-19, oxidative stress and toxic Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) increase, causing over-activation of platelets.
• This leads to the formation of excess clots, resulting in thrombosis, a major cause of illness and death.
• The IISc team, led by G. Mugesh (Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry), developed nanozymes that mimic natural antioxidant enzymes to scavenge ROS and control oxidative stress.
• These nanozymes regulate ROS levels, preventing excess platelet aggregation and thrombosis.
• The researchers synthesized redox-active nanomaterials of various sizes, shapes, and morphologies through controlled chemical reactions.
• Spherical vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) nanozymes were found to be the most effective.
• These nanozymes mimic the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, reducing oxidative stress.
• The vanadium metal’s unique chemistry allows redox reactions to occur on its surface, effectively lowering ROS levels.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPS & PORTALS

Government Developing Krishi Nivesh Portal to Consolidate Agriculture Schemes Across Ministries and States

• The government is developing the Krishi Nivesh portal, a unified digital platform to integrate agriculture sector schemes from various ministries and state governments.

• Currently, the portal provides information on 17 flagship agri-sector schemes, including:
• Agriculture Infrastructure Fund
• Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund
• PM Kisan Sampada Yojana
• PM-KUSUM (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evamUtthaanMahabhiyan)
• The portal covers schemes from 7 central ministries and serves as a centralised interface for:
• Tracking investment opportunities
• Monitoring application status
• Accessing scheme details from a single source
• It aligns with the government’s ‘ease of doing business’ initiative and aims to address the slow loan disbursal process.
• Currently, the portal is utilized by multiple ministries including:
• Agriculture
• Food Processing
• Rural Development
• Jal Shakti
• New and Renewable Energy
• Fertilizers
• A total of 14 central ministries/departments and 9 state departmentsimplement agriculture and allied sector schemes.
• The portal aims to onboard up to 300 schemes for agriculture and allied sectors through ongoing discussions with state governments and central ministries.
• Currently, information about several mega agriculture schemes is scattered across different ministries, making it difficult for investors (farmers, producer organisations, entrepreneurs, industries) to access.
• The portal initially focuses on credit-linked schemes, public-private partnerships (PPP), venture capital projects, and startups.
• Objective: To boost private sector investments in agriculture for:Increasingproductivity, Improvinginfrastructure, Enhancingvalue chains, Ensuring sustainability
• The government has allocated Rs 1.31 lakh crore for these schemes in the FY25 revised estimates.
• Private investment in the agriculture sector was Rs 2.79 lakh crore in FY22.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS

Rohini Gram Panchayat Secures Gold at National e-Governance Awards 2025

• Rohini Gram Panchayat—a fully tribal village in Shirpur taluka, Dhule district, Maharashtra—has been honoured with the Gold Award in the “Grassroots Level Initiatives” category at the National e-Governance Awards 2025.
• Selected from 45 lakh applications, Rohini’s model of technology-driven rural governance will be celebrated at the 28th National e-Governance Conference in Visakhapatnam.

Key Highlights :

• Award & Category: Gold Award for “Grassroots Level Initiatives” at the National e-Governance Awards 2025.
• Presenting Bodies: Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) and Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
• Entries Shortlisted: Chosen from over 1.45 lakh applications nationwide.
• Prize Components: Trophy, certificate, and ₹10 lakh cash prize.
• Digital Services Delivered: Over 956 services including:
  • Education: Digitized school records and attendance monitoring.
  • Women & Child Welfare: Anganwadi data management and maternal health updates.
  • Health: Immunization tracking and public health alerts.
  • Agriculture & Animal Husbandry: Livestock records, subsidy information, weather alerts.
  • Certificates: Automated birth/death certificates (via WhatsApp/email) and ration card updates.
• Service Platform: Fully online portal with online fee payments and adherence to the Maharashtra Right to Public Services Act (services delivered within 7 working days).
• Community Outreach: Active use of YouTube, Facebook, and Instagram for announcements and awareness drives.
• Village Profile: Located in a 100% Scheduled Tribes area, exemplifying digital inclusion in tribal regions.
• Previous Recognition: Already designated an e-Governance Gram Panchayat by the Government of Maharashtra.
• Other Awardees:
  • Silver: West Majlishpur Gram Panchayat, Tripura
  • Jury Awards:Palsana (Gujarat) and Suakati (Odisha)

Anahat Singh Shines at PSA Awards 2025 with Dual Honors for India

• Anahat Singh, a 17-year-old squash sensation from India, delivered an exceptional performance in the 2024–25 season, earning two major titles at the PSA Awards 2025 — the Women’s Challenger Player of the Season and Women’s Young Player of the Season(shared with Egypt’s Amina Orfi).
• Her success has firmly established her as India’s highest-ranked female squash player and a rising global star.

Key Highlights :

• Dual Recognition at PSA Awards 2025: Honoured with both the Women’s Challenger Player of the Season and Women’s Young Player of the Season
• Dominant Season Performance: Clinched 9 titles out of 11 tournaments, maintaining a 29-match unbeaten streak.
• Significant Tournament Wins:

• HCL Squash Tour (Kolkata)
• Indian Open (15k level) – Defeated senior Indian player Joshna Chinappa
• British Junior Open (U-17) – January 2025
• Asian Qualifiers – Qualified for World Squash Championships
  International Debut and Impact:
• Senior World Championship debut in May 2025 (Chicago)
• Defeated World No. 29 Marina Stefanoni (USA)
• Reached second round; faced World No. 14 Fayrouz Aboelkheir (Egypt)
  Team Achievement: Played a key role in securing Bronze at the Asian Junior Team Championships in Hong Kong.
  Global Ranking Rise: Climbed to World No. 56, becoming India’s top-ranked female squash player.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

Anna Muzychuk (Ukraine) Clinches Undefeated Victory at Norway Chess Women 2025

• Anna Muzychuk, the Ukrainian grandmaster, secured an outright win in the second edition of the Norway Chess Women tournament held in Stavanger, Norway, finishing with 16½ points over ten rounds.
• Entering the final day as the sole leader, she drew both classical and Armageddon games against India’s Vaishali Rameshbabu to remain the only undefeated player in classical play across both the women’s and open sections.

Key Highlights:

• Tournament Overview: Second edition held alongside the super-elite open event; identical format and prize fund.
• Champion’s Score:16½ points (2 classical wins, 8 draws; 5 Armageddon wins, 3 losses).
• Podium Finishers:
  • 2nd: Lei Tingjie from China with 16 points—leapfrogged into sole second after back-to-back wins in rounds 9 & 10.
  • 3rd: Humpy Koneru from India with 15 points—collected three classical wins, two losses, and two Armageddon victories.
• Decisive Final Round: Muzychuk held India’s Vaishali Rameshbabu to draws in both formats, preventing any contender from matching her tally.
• Technical Mastery: Lei Tingjie’s 103-move endgame win over Spain’s Sara Khadem showcased exceptional technique.

Final Standings:

1. Anna Muzychuk (Ukraine) – 2526 – 16½
2. Lei Tingjie (China) – 2552 – 16
3. Humpy Koneru (India) – 2543 – 15
4. Ju Wenjun (China) – 2580 – 13½
5. Vaishali Rameshbabu (India) – 2475 – 11
6. Sara Khadem (Spain) – 2449 – 9

• Recent Form: Muzychuk had earlier won the Nicosia Grand Prix (Cyprus, March) and Grosslobming Grand Prix (Austria, May) but narrowly missed direct qualification for the Women’s Candidates Tournament via the Grand Prix series.
• Broader Impact: Her Stavanger performance earned her a +9.1 classical rating boost, elevating her to sixth place in the live women’s world rankings.

Antonsen and An Se-young Triumph at 2025 Indonesia Open

• The 2025 Indonesia Open—a Super 1000 tournament held in Jakarta—concluded with Denmark’s Anders Antonsen ending his finals jinx to win the men’s singles title, and world No. 1 An Se-young claiming her second women’s singles crown.
• The event also saw France’s first Super 1000 mixed doubles win and continued Chinese dominance in women’s doubles.

Key Highlights :

• Why in News:
  • The Indonesia Open is one of badminton’s premier Super 1000 events.
  • Antonsen overcame two previous final defeats (2019, 2024) to lift his first title here.
  • An Se-young staged a dramatic comeback, reinforcing her status as world No. 1.
  • France’s mixed doubles victory marked the nation’s first Super 1000 title.
• Men’s Singles:
  • Anders Antonsen defeated Chou Tien-chen (Taiwan)22-20, 21-14.
  • Victory ended his longstanding finals hoodoo and showcased his perseverance.
• Women’s Singles:
  • An Se-young beat Wang Zhiyi (China)13-21, 21-19, 21-15.
  • After dropping the first game, she produced a remarkable fightback to win her second Indonesia Open (first in 2021).
• Mixed Doubles:
  • Thom Gicquel & Delphine Delrue (France) overcame Dechapol Puavaranukroh & Supissara Paewsampran (Thailand)21-16, 21-18.
  • This historic win is France’s maiden Super 1000 title, signalingEurope’s rising badminton presence.
• Women’s Doubles:
  • Liu Shengshu & Tan Ning (China) defeated Thinaah Muralitharan & Pearly Tan (Malaysia)23-25, 21-12, 21-19.
  • The result underlined China’s continued supremacy in doubles events.
• Men’s Doubles:
  • Kim Won-ho & Seo Seung-Jae (South Korea) beat Leo Rolly Carnando& Daniel Marthin (Indonesia)18-21, 21-19, 21-12.
  • Denied hosts a home-soil title despite a strong start.

Portugal Clinches Second UEFA Nations League Title After Penalty Shootout Thriller

• Portugal clinched their second UEFA Nations League title in a stunning 5-3 penalty shootout against Spain.
• In a dramatic finale held at Allianz Arena, Munich, Portugal defeated Spain on penalties after a 2-2 draw across regular and extra time.
• This win earned Portugal their second UEFA Nations League title, making them the first nation to win the tournament twice since its inception in 2018.
• Cristiano Ronaldo played a crucial role, scoring a second-half equaliser and adding another major international honour to his name.

Key Highlights :

Why in News:

• Portugal became the first team to win two UEFA Nations League titles (2019 and 2025).
• The final featured a high-stakes Iberian clash, with Portugal defeating Spain in a competitive fixture for only the second time.
• Cristiano Ronaldo scored Portugal’s second equaliser, cementing his role in all of Portugal's major title victories (Euro 2016, Nations League 2019 & 2025).

Match Summary:

• Final Score: Portugal 2-2 Spain (Portugal won 5-3 on penalties).
• Venue: Allianz Arena, Munich, Germany.
• Date: June 8, 2025.

Key Moments:

• 21’ – Martin Zubimendi (Spain) opens the scoring after a defensive lapse.
• 26’ – Nuno Mendes (Portugal) equalises with a low, powerful shot.
• 43’ – Mikel Oyarzabal restores Spain’s lead with a composed finish.
• 61’ – Cristiano Ronaldo volleys home Portugal’s second equaliser.

Penalty Shootout Highlights:

• Álvaro Morata (Spain) misses a key penalty.
• Rúben Neves (Portugal) scores the winning penalty.

Significance of the Victory:

• Portugal showed resilience and tactical flexibility by coming from behind twice.
• The win strengthens Portugal’s international record, giving them three major tournament titles.
• Cristiano Ronaldo continues to be a central figure in Portugal’s football success story.

About the UEFA Nations League:

• Launched: 2018 by UEFA.
• Objective: Replace friendlies with competitive international fixtures and provide alternative qualification paths for major tournaments.

Previous Champions:

• 2019 – Portugal
• 2021 – France
• 2023 – Spain

Carlos Alcaraz Wins Historic 2025 French Open Final with Record Comeback

• Carlos Alcaraz, aged 22, pulled off one of the greatest comebacks in tennis history by defeating World No. 1 Jannik Sinner in the 2025 French Open men’s singles final.
• In a match that lasted 5 hours and 29 minutes, the Spaniard came back from two sets down and saved three match points to win 4-6, 6-7(4), 6-4, 7-6(3), 7-6(10-2).
• This victory earned Alcaraz his second consecutive French Open title and fifth Grand Slam

Key Highlights :
Why in News:

• The longest French Open final in the Open Era at 5 hours 29 minutes.
• Alcaraz overcame a two-set deficit and saved three match points against Jannik Sinner, the top-ranked player.
• The match showcased a rising rivalry between Alcaraz and Sinner, representing the next generation’s dominance in men’s tennis.

Background:

• Alcaraz had previously won the 2024 French Open and Wimbledon 2023, both with comeback victories.
• Jannik Sinner, aged 23, came in as the World No. 1 and was undefeated in Grand Slam finals before this match.
• The match was played on Roland-Garros' clay courts, known for demanding stamina and tactical strength.

Winners at Roland-Garros 2025 (French Open):

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

World Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS) Day

• June 9th is World Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS) Awareness Dayis observed.
• Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks normal blood proteins.
• This causes an increased risk of dangerous blood clots in veins and arteries, which can lead to:
  • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
  • Strokes
  • Pregnancy complications, including recurrent miscarriages

Purpose of World APS Day:

• Raise awareness about APS, a rare but serious condition.
• Highlight the importance of early diagnosis and proper management to prevent complications.
• Encourage education, research, and support for those affected.

History:

• First observed on June 9, 2010.
• Initiated by the APS Foundation of America (APSFA), founded in 2005.
• APSFA is the only national health organization in the U.S. focused exclusively on APS.

Daily CA One- Liner: June 10

• At NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Union Health Minister Shri Jagat Prakash Nadda delivered the keynote address for World Food Safety Day, themed “Stop Obesity by Eating Safe and Healthy”, organised by FSSAI under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
• Tamil Nadu government officially designated Dhanushkodi in Ramanathapuram district as a Greater Flamingo Sanctuary, covering 7 hectares within the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, to protect migratory birds and marine biodiversity
• President Droupadi Murmu has promulgated three significant regulations to strengthen Ladakh’s social, cultural, and political landscape
• Rohini Gram Panchayat—a fully tribal village in Shirpur taluka, Dhule district, Maharashtra—has been honoured with the Gold Award in the “Grassroots Level Initiatives” category at the National e-Governance Awards 2025
• Anahat Singh, a 17-year-old squash sensation from India, delivered an exceptional performance in the 2024–25 season, earning two major titles at the PSA Awards 2025 — the Women’s Challenger Player of the Season and Women’s Young Player of the Season
• Anna Muzychuk, the Ukrainian grandmaster, secured an outright win in the second edition of the Norway Chess Women tournament held in Stavanger, Norway, finishing with 16½ points over ten rounds
• The 2025 Indonesia Open—a Super 1000 tournament held in Jakarta—concluded with Denmark’s Anders Antonsen ending his finals jinx to win the men’s singles title, and world No. 1 An Se-young claiming her second women’s singles crown
• Portugal clinched their second UEFA Nations League title in a stunning 5-3 penalty shootout against Spain
• Carlos Alcaraz, aged 22, pulled off one of the greatest comebacks in tennis history by defeating World No. 1 Jannik Sinner in the 2025 French Open men’s singles final
• June 9th is World Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS) Awareness Day is observed.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will increase the Loan-to-Value (LTV) ratio for gold loans to 85% for loan amounts under ₹2.5 lakh, up from the current 75%.
• Kyrgyzstan, a Russian ally, has dismantled Central Asia’s tallest monument to Vladimir Lenin, founder of the Soviet Union, in the city of Osh.
• Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal met with United Kingdom (UK) Foreign Secretary David Lammy on June 7, 2025 to discuss the India-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and future collaboration.
• The government has appointed Sat Pal Bhanoo, Managing Director of Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), as the interim Chief Executive Officer (CEO) & Managing Director (MD) of Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC).
• Elon Musk’s Starlink has received a key licence from India's telecom ministry, clearing a major hurdle for launching satellite internet services in India.
• XChat is the revamped Direct Messaging (DM) feature of the X app (formerly Twitter), introduced by Elon Musk.
• Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have developed an artificial metal-based nanozyme to control abnormal blood clotting caused by diseases like pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE).
• The government is developing the Krishi Nivesh portal, a unified digital platform to integrate agriculture sector schemes from various ministries and state governments.