Dear Readers, Daily Current Affairs Questions Quiz for SBI, IBPS, RBI, RRB, SSC Exam 2025 of 30th October 2025. Daily GK quiz online for bank & competitive exam. Here we have given the Daily Current Affairs Quiz based on the previous days Daily Current Affairs updates. Candidates preparing for IBPS, SBI, RBI, RRB, SSC Exam 2025 & other competitive exams can make use of these Current Affairs Quiz.

 

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1) As per RBI’s draft guidelines, the aggregate exposure of a bank towards acquisition finance must not exceed what percentage of its Tier I capital?

(a) 5%

(b) 7.5%

(c) 10%

(d) 15%

(e) 20%

2) As per the National Statistical Office (NSO) data, India’s Index of Industrial Production (IIP) grew by how much year-on-year in September 2025?

(a) 3.2%

(b) 3.8%

(c) 4.0%

(d) 4.5%

(e) 5.0%

3) As of September-end 2025, how much gold did the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) hold in total?

(a) 750.5 tonnes

(b) 820.4 tonnes

(c) 850.2 tonnes

(d) 880.8 tonnes

(e) 900.5 tonnes

4) In news, Japanese fintech firm JPYC Inc. launched the world’s first Yen-pegged stablecoin “JPYC”, maintaining a 1:1 peg with the Japanese Yen (JPY). Which blockchain networks does Japan’s Yen-pegged stablecoin JPYC operate on?

(a) Bitcoin, Solana, and Cardano

(b) Ethereum, Avalanche, and Polygon

(c) Binance Smart Chain, Tron, and Solana

(d) Polygon, Polkadot, and Cosmos

(e) Ethereum, Ripple, and Tezos

5) Which earlier laws ceased to apply or were repealed after the implementation of the Government Securities Act, 2006?

(a) Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 and Banking Regulation Act, 1949

(b) Public Debt Act, 1944 and Indian Securities Act, 1920

(c) Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 and Companies Act, 1956

(d) Depositories Act, 1996 and SEBI Act, 1992

(e) Treasury Bills Act, 1933 and Banking Companies Act, 1949

6) As per the Government of India’s new reform plan under Vision 2047, how many new ‘Ratna’ categories are proposed to be introduced for Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs)?

(a) Two

(b) One

(c) Three

(d) Four

(e) Five

7) Uttar Pradesh Government has announced the formation of a new district named Kalyan Singh Nagar in honour of former Chief Minister Kalyan Singh. The newly announced Kalyan Singh Nagar will be in which district of Uttar Pradesh?

(a) 73rd

(b) 74th

(c) 75th

(d) 76th

(e) 77th

8) In news, the National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC) Logo Unveiled at India Maritime Week 2025. The NMHC is being established at which location in India?

(a) Kandla, Gujarat

(b) Kochi, Kerala

(c) Lothal, Gujarat

(d) Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

(e) Mumbai, Maharashtra

9) The Ministry of Coal’s new real-time analytics platform for monitoring coal operations across India is called________________

(a) CoalNet – Digital Tracking Portal

(b) Koyla Setu – Coal Coordination Platform

(c) Koyla Shakti – Smart Coal Analytics Dashboard

(d) Shakti Portal – Energy Efficiency System

(e) CoalVision – Integrated Monitoring Network

10) What is the processing capacity of the newly inaugurated National Seeds Corporation (NSC) unit at Pusa Complex, New Delhi?

(a) 500 kg per hour

(b) 1 tonne per hour

(c) 2 tonnes per hour

(d) 3 tonnes per hour

(e) 4 tonnes per hour

11) As per the news, the Kuala Lumpur Declaration adopted at the 20th East Asia Summit (EAS) reaffirmed the principles of which earlier declaration?

(a) Kuala Lumpur Declaration 1997

(b) Kuala Lumpur Declaration 2011

(c) Kuala Lumpur Declaration 2010

(d) Kuala Lumpur Declaration 2005

(e) Kuala Lumpur Declaration 2003

12) The 23rd round of India–China Corps Commander Level Meeting was held at which border meeting point?

(a) Nathu La

(b) Demchok

(c) Galwan Valley

(d) Pangong Tso

(e) Chushul–Moldo

13) Who has been elected as the 10th President of the Republic of Ireland, succeeding Michael D. Higgins?

(a) Mary Lou McDonald

(b) Simon Harris

(c) Catherine Connolly

(d) Leo Varadkar

(e) Micheál Martin

14) Who has been elected as the new Chair of the Board of Directors of Citigroup Inc., effective October 22, 2025?

(a) Jane Fraser

(b) John Dugan

(c) Michael Corbat

(d) David Solomon

(e) Jamie Dimon

15) In Oct’25, the Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) signed an exclusive Teaming Agreement with which company to jointly design and construct Landing Platform Docks (LPDs) for the Indian Navy?

(a) Larsen & Toubro (L&T)

(b) Cochin Shipyard Ltd

(c) Swan Defence and Heavy Industries Ltd (SDHI)

(d) Hindustan Shipyard Ltd

(e) Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE)

16) As per the news, the Indian Army has signed a contract to procure its first indigenously designed Software Defined Radios (SDRs) developed by which organisation?

(a) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)

(b) Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)

(c) Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)

(d) Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL)

(e) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

17) The passenger vessel ‘Sindhu’ recently completed its maiden voyage to which location, known as India’s only active volcano?

(a) Ross Island

(b) Havelock Island

(c) Little Island

(d) Neil Island

(e) Barren Island

18) The new unmanned cargo spacecraft HTV-X1, launched by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), is the successor to which earlier cargo spacecraft?

(a) Hayabusa

(b) Akatsuki

(c) H-II Transfer Vehicle (Kounotori)

(d) Kibo

(e) Tanpopo

19) What is the name of the hurricane that became the strongest storm ever to hit Jamaica, marking a historic Category 5 event in the Caribbean?

(a) Hurricane Olivia

(b) Hurricane Maria

(c) Hurricane Fiona

(d) Hurricane Laura

(e) Hurricane Melissa

20) Which three companies became the only members of the $4 trillion market capitalisation club in 2025, highlighting the dominance of the U.S. technology sector?

(a) Google, Amazon, and Microsoft

(b) NVIDIA, Microsoft, and Apple

(c) Tesla, Meta, and Microsoft

(d) Apple, Amazon, and NVIDIA

(e) Microsoft, Meta, and Alphabet

21) Who among the following English cricketers was formally knighted at Windsor Castle in 2025 for his outstanding contribution to cricket?

(a) Joe Root

(b) Ben Stokes

(c) James Anderson

(d) Stuart Broad

(e) Alastair Cook

22) As of October 2025, which Indian company ranked 69th globally with a market capitalisation of $230.69 billion (≈ ₹20.36 trillion)?

(a) Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)

(b) Infosys

(c) HDFC Bank

(d) Reliance Industries Limited (RIL)

(e) ICICI Bank

23) Where has the AmazonFACE experiment, designed to simulate future atmospheric CO₂ conditions and study climate impacts, been launched?

(a) Bogotá, Colombia

(b) Manaus, Brazil

(c) Quito, Ecuador

(d) Lima, Peru

(e) Caracas, Venezuela

24) The East Asia Summit (EAS), established in 2005, held its first Summit in which country?

(a) Indonesia

(b) Thailand

(c) Malaysia

(d) Singapore

(e) Philippines

25) Which ministry is set to launch the RECLAIM Framework to promote sustainable mining and inclusive mine closures?

(a) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

(b) Ministry of Coal

(c) Ministry of Mines

(d) Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

(e) NITI Aayog

Answers :

1) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released draft guidelines allowing banks to extend acquisition finance only to listed Indian companies with satisfactory net worth and profitability for the last three years.

The aggregate exposure of a bank towards acquisition finance must not exceed 10% of its Tier I capital, and the overall Capital Market Exposure (CME) must not exceed 40% of Tier I capital.

Detailed Explanation:

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released draft guidelines allowing banks to extend acquisition finance only to listed Indian companies with satisfactory net worth and profitability for the last three years.

The target company’s annual returns must be available for at least the previous three financial years, and the acquisition value must be determined by two independent valuations as per SEBI regulations.

The aggregate exposure of a bank towards acquisition finance must not exceed 10% of its Tier I capital, and the overall Capital Market Exposure (CME) must not exceed 40% of Tier I capital.

The direct CME, including investment and acquisition finance exposures, must not exceed 20% of Tier I capital on a solo or consolidated basis.

2) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

India’s industrial sector showed resilience in September 2025, with the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) growing by 4.0% year-on-year, according to the National Statistical Office (NSO).

The IIP serves as a key indicator of industrial activity, covering the mining, manufacturing, and electricity sectors.

Detailed Explanation:

India’s industrial sector showed resilience in September 2025, with the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) growing by 4.0% year-on-year, according to the National Statistical Office (NSO).

The IIP serves as a key indicator of industrial activity, covering the mining, manufacturing, and electricity sectors.

The IIP stood at 152.8 (Base Year 2011–12 = 100) in September 2025, up from 146.9 in the same month last year.

The 4.0% growth indicates a steady recovery and sustained industrial momentum despite global and domestic challenges.

The growth was driven by improvement in manufacturing output, moderate gains in electricity, and a marginal contraction in mining.

The mining sector contracted by 0.4%, affected by lower mineral production and seasonal factors.

3) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

As of September-end 2025, the RBI held 880.8 tonnes of gold, of which 575.8 tonnes are stored in India, 290.3 tonnes are with the Bank of England and BIS, while 14 tonnes are held as deposits.

Detailed Explanation:

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has accelerated gold repatriation, bringing home nearly 64 tonnes in the half-year to September 2025 amid global concerns over offshore sovereign asset safety.

As of September-end 2025, the RBI held 880.8 tonnes of gold, of which 575.8 tonnes are stored in India, 290.3 tonnes are with the Bank of England and BIS, while 14 tonnes are held as deposits.

Since March 2023, the RBI has repatriated a total of 274 tonnes of gold, influenced by geopolitical risks such as the Russia–Ukraine war and the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan, after which the G7 seized foreign reserves of both nations.

4) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

Japanese fintech firm JPYC Inc. launched the world’s first Yen-pegged stablecoin “JPYC” maintaining a 1:1 peg with the Japanese Yen (JPY).

JPYC operates across Ethereum, Avalanche, and Polygon, allowing easy integration with wallets, exchanges, and DeFi platforms.

Detailed Explanation:

Japanese fintech firm JPYC Inc. launched the world’s first Yen-pegged stablecoin “JPYC” maintaining a 1:1 peg with the Japanese Yen (JPY).

The stablecoin is fully backed by domestic JPY deposits and Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs) to ensure stability and regulatory compliance.

JPYC Inc. aims to issue up to 10 trillion JPY (around USD 66 billion) within the next three years, signaling large-scale adoption potential.

JPYC transactions will be fee-free initially, with profits generated from interest on JGB reserves.

JPYC operates across Ethereum, Avalanche, and Polygon, allowing easy integration with wallets, exchanges, and DeFi platforms.

Users or partner institutions send JPY to an official on-ramp, after which JPYC tokens are minted on the blockchain in equivalent value.

JPYC marks a major step in Japan’s digital finance innovation, being the first Yen-backed stablecoin designed for secure, blockchain-based payments and financial integration.

5) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

Government securities (G-Secs) are instruments issued by the Government to raise public loans or for other notified purposes.

The Public Debt Act, 1944 ceased to apply, and the Indian Securities Act, 1920 was repealed.

Detailed Explanation:

Government securities (G-Secs) are instruments issued by the Government to raise public loans or for other notified purposes.

G-Secs can be in the form of Government Promissory Notes (GPNs), Bearer Bonds, Stocks, or Bond Ledger Accounts (BLAs).

The Government Securities Act, 2006 consolidates and amends laws relating to Government securities and their management by the RBI.

The Government Securities Regulations, 2007 were framed by the RBI to carry out the provisions of the Act.

The G-Sec Act and Regulations came into force on December 1, 2007, and apply to all Government securities, including those issued before this date.

The Public Debt Act, 1944 ceased to apply, and the Indian Securities Act, 1920 was repealed.

Relief/Savings Bonds are also treated as Government securities and are issued in the form of Stock Certificates or BLAs.

6) Answer: A

Short Explanation:

• The Government of India is undertaking a major reform in the classification and performance assessment of Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) to enhance their competitiveness, accountability, and alignment with national goals under Vision 2047.
• The proposal includes the introduction of two new ‘Ratna’ categories in addition to the existing Maharatna, Navratna, and Miniratna statuses.

Detailed Explanation:

• The Government of India is undertaking a major reform in the classification and performance assessment of Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) to enhance their competitiveness, accountability, and alignment with national goals under Vision 2047.
• The proposal includes the introduction of two new ‘Ratna’ categories in addition to the existing Maharatna, Navratna, and Miniratna statuses.
• Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) are companies in which the Central Government holds at least 51% equity, either directly or through other CPSEs. These enterprises are registered under the Companies Act, 2013 or established by a Parliamentary Act, and their subsidiaries also fall under this category.
• CPSEs operate in key sectors such as oil & gas, power, infrastructure, heavy industries, and defence, contributing significantly to India’s economic growth and public welfare.

7) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

• The Uttar Pradesh Government has announced the formation of a new district named Kalyan Singh Nagar in honour of former Chief Minister Kalyan Singh, a prominent leader in the state’s political history.
• It will be the 76th district of Uttar Pradesh, carved out from tehsils of Aligarh and Bulandshahr districts.

Detailed Explanation:

• The Uttar Pradesh Government has announced the formation of a new district named Kalyan Singh Nagar in honour of former Chief Minister Kalyan Singh, a prominent leader in the state’s political history.
• It will be the 76th district of Uttar Pradesh, carved out from tehsils of Aligarh and Bulandshahr districts.
• Kalyan Singh, who served as Chief Minister twice (1991–92 and 1997–99), was closely associated with Atrauli, his birthplace and political base.
• Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath announced the decision publicly, highlighting Singh’s immense contribution to the state’s development and governance.
• The state government has directed district magistrates to prepare feasibility reports for the new district.

8) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

• The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) unveiled the official logo of the National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC) during the India Maritime Week 2025 celebrations held in Mumbai.
• The NMHC, to be established at Lothal in Gujarat, is envisioned as a world-class facility to commemorate India’s ancient maritime legacy while inspiring future innovation in the maritime sector.

Detailed Explanation:

• The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) unveiled the official logo of the National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC) during the India Maritime Week 2025 celebrations held in Mumbai.
• The launch marked a crucial step in showcasing and preserving India’s vast maritime history and promoting it through digital, cultural, and tourism-led initiatives.
• The NMHC, to be established at Lothal in Gujarat, is envisioned as a world-class facility to commemorate India’s ancient maritime legacy while inspiring future innovation in the maritime sector.
• India’s maritime history stretches over 5,000 years, from the Harappan port of Lothal to modern maritime trade routes.
• The NMHC aims to document and present this journey by creating a hub for knowledge, tourism, and global outreach.

9) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

• The Ministry of Coal will launch “Koyla Shakti – Smart Coal Analytics Dashboard”, marking a major advancement towards digital governance in the energy sector.

Detailed Explanation:

• The Ministry of Coal will launch “Koyla Shakti – Smart Coal Analytics Dashboard”, marking a major advancement towards digital governance in the energy sector.
• The dashboard is a real-time analytics platform designed to serve as a centralized digital interface for monitoring coal production, logistics, and supply chain operations across India.
• It integrates data from multiple sources, including coal producers, ports, ministries, and industrial consumers, into one unified digital platform to ensure efficiency, transparency, and smarter decision-making.
• The system allows real-time tracking of coal production, dispatch, transportation, and consumption activities, enabling authorities to minimize delays and improve coordination across departments.

10) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

• The Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare inaugurated a state-of-the-art seed processing and packaging unit of the National Seeds Corporation (NSC) at the Pusa Complex, New Delhi, marking a major step toward improving the supply of high-quality seeds for farmers.
• The newly inaugurated unit is designed for vegetable and flower seeds and has a processing capacity of 1 tonne per hour.

Detailed Explanation:

• The Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare inaugurated a state-of-the-art seed processing and packaging unit of the National Seeds Corporation (NSC) at the Pusa Complex, New Delhi, marking a major step toward improving the supply of high-quality seeds for farmers.
• The newly inaugurated unit is designed for vegetable and flower seeds and has a processing capacity of 1 tonne per hour.
• In addition to the New Delhi facility, five more NSC plants located in Bareilly, Dharwad, Hassan, Suratgarh, and Raichur were inaugurated virtually, each with a processing capacity of 4 tonnes per hour.
• The event also marked the launch of two key digital initiatives by NSC:
  – “Seed Management 2.0” system for streamlined operations.
  – An online seed-booking platform enabling farmers to order seeds directly.

11) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

The 20th East Asia Summit (EAS) was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where the Kuala Lumpur Declaration was adopted.

It reaffirmed the principles of the Kuala Lumpur Declaration 2005 and other EAS milestone declarations, ensuring continuity of commitments.

Detailed Explanation:

The 20th East Asia Summit (EAS) was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where the Kuala Lumpur Declaration was adopted.

The Declaration reaffirmed the EAS’s commitment to peace, stability, and multilateral cooperation in the East Asian region.

The Declaration highlighted the importance of exchanging information on regional development cooperation, security policies, disaster management, and regional architecture discussions.

It reaffirmed the principles of the Kuala Lumpur Declaration 2005 and other EAS milestone declarations, ensuring continuity of commitments.

12) Answer: E

Short Explanation:

The 23rd round of India–China Corps Commander Level Meeting was held at the Chushul–Moldo border meeting point on the 25th of this month.

India and China agreed to continue using existing mechanisms to resolve ground issues along the border and maintain stability.

According to the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), the meeting was conducted in a friendly and cordial atmosphere.

Detailed Explanation:

The 23rd round of India–China Corps Commander Level Meeting was held at the Chushul–Moldo border meeting point on the 25th of this month.

India and China agreed to continue using existing mechanisms to resolve ground issues along the border and maintain stability.

According to the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), the meeting was conducted in a friendly and cordial atmosphere.

This was the first General Level Mechanism meeting in the Western Sector since the 24th round of Special Representatives Talks.

The two nations acknowledged progress made since the 22nd round of Corps Commander Level Meeting held in October last year.

13) Answer: C

Catherine Connolly has been elected as the President of Ireland after a landslide victory.

She becomes the 10th President of the Republic of Ireland, succeeding Michael D. Higgins, who completed two terms in office.

14) Answer: A

Citigroup Inc., a leading global financial institution, announced the election of Jane Fraser, its Chief Executive Officer (CEO), as the new Chair of its Board of Directors (BoD), effective October 22, 2025.

She succeeds John Dugan, who had served as Chair since 2019.

15) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) and Swan Defence and Heavy Industries Ltd (SDHI) have signed an exclusive Teaming Agreement to jointly design and construct Landing Platform Docks (LPDs) for the Indian Navy.

Detailed Explanation:

Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) and Swan Defence and Heavy Industries Ltd (SDHI) have signed an exclusive Teaming Agreement to jointly design and construct Landing Platform Docks (LPDs) for the Indian Navy.

The agreement was formalised during India Maritime Week 2025 in Mumbai on 28 October 2025, following approval from the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC).

Landing Platform Docks (LPDs) are large amphibious warfare ships used to transport troops, vehicles, and aircraft, and support amphibious landings, special operations, and disaster relief missions (HADR).

16) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The Indian Army has signed a contract to procure its first indigenously designed and manufactured Software Defined Radios (SDRs), developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and produced by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL).

Detailed Explanation:

The Indian Army has signed a contract to procure its first indigenously designed and manufactured Software Defined Radios (SDRs), developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and produced by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL).

The new Software Defined Radios (SDRs) feature high data rates and Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) capabilities, enhancing secure, real-time communication and operational readiness in network-centric battlefields.

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), in collaboration with the Integrated Defence Staff (IDS) and the Tri-Services, released the Indian Radio Software Architecture (IRSA) Standard 1.0 on October 6, 2025, at DRDO Bhawan, New Delhi.

17) Answer: E

Short Explanation:

The passenger vessel ‘Sindhu’ completed its maiden voyage to Barren Island, marking a historic milestone in Andaman and Nicobar Islands’ tourism development.

Detailed Explanation:

The passenger vessel ‘Sindhu’ completed its maiden voyage to Barren Island, marking a historic milestone in Andaman and Nicobar Islands’ tourism development.

The voyage was flagged off by Chief Secretary Dr. Chandra Bhushan Kumar from Haddo Wharf, Port Blair

Barren Island is located about 140 km from Port Blair and is India’s only active volcano, situated at the junction of the Indian and Burmese tectonic plates.

The ‘Sindhu’ vessel carried 500 passengers, including 125 government school students from across the islands, sailing almost at full capacity.

18) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) successfully launched its new unmanned cargo spacecraft, HTV-X1, aboard the H3 rocket from the Tanegashima Space Center in southern Japan.

The HTV-X is the successor to JAXA’s H-II Transfer Vehicle (Kounotori), which completed nine missions between 2009 and 2020.

Detailed Explanation:

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) successfully launched its new unmanned cargo spacecraft, HTV-X1, aboard the H3 rocket from the Tanegashima Space Center in southern Japan.

The HTV-X1, on its first mission, is delivering supplies to the International Space Station (ISS).

The HTV-X is the successor to JAXA’s H-II Transfer Vehicle (Kounotori), which completed nine missions between 2009 and 2020.

The spacecraft can carry up to 6,000 kg of cargo, supply power for cold-stored laboratory samples, and remain docked to the ISS for six months before undertaking a three-month independent mission.

19) Answer: E

Short Explanation:

Hurricane Melissa became the strongest storm ever to hit Jamaica, marking a historic Category 5 hurricane event in the Caribbean.

The hurricane made landfall on 28 October 2025 near New Hope, St. Elizabeth parish in southwestern Jamaica.

Detailed Explanation:

Hurricane Melissa became the strongest storm ever to hit Jamaica, marking a historic Category 5 hurricane event in the Caribbean.

The hurricane made landfall on 28 October 2025 near New Hope, St. Elizabeth parish in southwestern Jamaica.

Wind speeds reached 185 mph (295 km/h), placing it at Category 5 on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale, the highest classification.

Central pressure at peak intensity was around 915 hPa, indicating extreme storm strength.

Hurricane Melissa formed on 20 October 2025 and is expected to dissipate by early November 2025.

20) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

• In October 2025, NVIDIA, Microsoft, and Apple became the only companies in the world to enter the $4 trillion market capitalisation club, underscoring the continued dominance of the U.S. technology sector.

Detailed Explanation:

• In October 2025, NVIDIA, Microsoft, and Apple became the only companies in the world to enter the $4 trillion market capitalisation club, underscoring the continued dominance of the U.S. technology sector.
• Despite global economic uncertainty, trade tensions, and volatile markets, these tech giants have shown remarkable growth in value.
• NVIDIA, under the leadership of CEO Jensen Huang, became the first company ever to cross the $4 trillion mark, overtaking both Microsoft and Apple earlier in the year.
• Microsoft achieved this milestone in July 2025, followed by Apple, which joined the group after a sharp share-price rally in October 2025.

21) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

• England’s legendary fast bowler James Anderson was formally knighted during an investiture ceremony at Windsor Castle.

Detailed Explanation:

• England’s legendary fast bowler James Anderson was formally knighted during an investiture ceremony at Windsor Castle.

The honour was conferred by Princess Anne in recognition of his outstanding contribution to cricket.

• The knighthood, announced earlier as part of Rishi Sunak’s resignation honours list (April 2025), celebrates Anderson’s exceptional career of excellence, longevity, and record-breaking achievements.

22) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

• Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) remains India’s most valuable company, ranking 69th globally as of October 2025.

Detailed Explanation:

• In October 2025, NVIDIA, Microsoft, and Apple became the only companies in the world to enter the $4 trillion market capitalisation club, underscoring the continued dominance of the U.S. technology sector.
• Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) remains India’s most valuable company, ranking 69th globally as of October 2025.
• Market Capitalisation: $230.69 billion (approximately ₹20.36 trillion).
• Reliance’s global ranking fell from 46th in 2024 due to market fluctuations and declining oil margins.

23) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

Scientists in Brazil’s Amazon have launched a “time machine” experiment called AmazonFACE, which simulates future atmospheric CO₂ conditions to study climate impacts.

The project is located near Manaus and consists of six rings of steel towers surrounding mature rainforest trees, with some exposed to elevated CO₂ levels and others serving as control samples.

Detailed Explanation:

Scientists in Brazil’s Amazon have launched a “time machine” experiment called AmazonFACE, which simulates future atmospheric CO₂ conditions to study climate impacts.

The project is located near Manaus and consists of six rings of steel towers surrounding mature rainforest trees, with some exposed to elevated CO₂ levels and others serving as control samples.

Led by the National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA) and UniversidadeEstadual de Campinas, the study aims to understand how tropical forests adapt to rising carbon dioxide levels.

24) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a leaders-led forum for dialogue and cooperation on strategic, political, and economic issues to promote peace, stability, and prosperity in East Asia.

The EAS was established in 2005, with the first Summit held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Detailed Explanation:

The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a leaders-led forum for dialogue and cooperation on strategic, political, and economic issues to promote peace, stability, and prosperity in East Asia.

The EAS was established in 2005, with the first Summit held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

It is an annual meeting of Heads of State or Government of participating countries.

The members include ASEAN Member States, Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, United States, and Russia (total 18 members).

25) Answer: B

In a significant step toward sustainable mining and community welfare, the Ministry of Coal is set to launch the RECLAIM Framework—a structured guide to ensure inclusive mine closures and repurposing.