Dear Readers, Daily Current Affairs Questions Quiz for SBI, IBPS, RBI, RRB, SSC Exam 2026 of  22nd July  2026. Daily GK quiz online for bank & competitive exam. Here we have given the Daily Current Affairs Quiz based on the previous days Daily Current Affairs updates. Candidates preparing for IBPS, SBI, RBI, RRB, SSC Exam 2026 & other competitive exams can make use of these Current Affairs Quiz.

 

Start Quiz

 

1) Recently, the Draft Foreign Exchange Management (Foreign Investment) Rules, 2026 aim to replace which existing regulatory framework governing foreign investment in India?

(a) Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident Outside India) Regulations, 2017

(b) Foreign Exchange Management (Current Account Transactions) Rules, 2000

(c) Foreign Exchange Management (Non-Debt Instruments) Rules, 2019

(d) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Policy, 2020

(e) Companies (Foreign Investment) Rules, 2014

 

2)  Recently, consider the following statements regarding the Unified Payments Interface (UPI):

1. UPI is operated by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) and is authorised under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.
2. During FY 2025–26, UPI recorded 24,161.69 crore transactions with a total value of ₹314.23 lakh crore.
3. NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL) was incorporated in April 2020 to expand UPI and RuPay internationally.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) Only 1

(b) Only 2 and 3

(c) Only 1 and 3

(d) Only 1 and 2

(e) All the above

 

3) Recently, consider the following statements:

1. The Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index) increased to 70.0 in March 2026 from 67.0 in March 2025.
2. The FI-Index was first published by RBI in August 2021 for the financial year ending March 2021.
3. Under the revised SNFA Prudential Norms, Regulated Entities (REs) are permitted to sell Specified Non-Financial Assets (SNFAs) back to the defaulting borrower after obtaining RBI approval.

Which of the above statements is incorrect?

(a) Only 1

(b) Only 2

(c) Only 3

(d) Only 1 and 2

(e) None of the above

 

4) Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued the Framework for Self-Regulatory Organisations in the FinTech Sector (SRO-FT Framework) on which date?

(a) 30 May 2023

(b) 30 May 2024

(c) 30 June 2024

(d) 30 May 2025

(e) 30 June 2025

 

5) Recently, the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) launched the Digital Local Pass facility initially at which toll plaza?

(a) Kherki Daula Toll Plaza, Haryana

(b) Khalapur Toll Plaza, Maharashtra

(c) Mundka–Bakkarwala Toll Plaza, Delhi

(d) Attibele Toll Plaza, Karnataka

(e) Shahjahanpur Toll Plaza, Rajasthan

 

6) Recently, under the roadmap for “Viksit Krishi and Samruddh Kisan” announced on the 98th Foundation Day of ICAR, what is the name of the initiative that encourages every ICAR institute to develop at least one transformational innovation within two years?

(a) Mission ICAR-100

(b) One District-One Innovation

(c) One Institute-One Grand Innovation

(d) National Agri Innovation Mission

(e) Climate Smart Agriculture Mission

 

7) Recently, the Delhi Cabinet approved the implementation of which scheme to promote cleaner commercial transportation in the National Capital Region (NCR)?

(a) FAME India Scheme

(b) Parivahan Mitra Scheme

(c) Green Mobility Mission

(d) Parivartan Scheme

(e) EV Adoption Scheme

 

8) Recently, the Mukhyamantri Swasth Bastar Abhiyan was launched by which Chief Minister to improve maternal and child healthcare in the Bastar region?

(a) Vishnu Deo Sai

(b) Bhupesh Baghel

(c) Rekha Gupta

(d) Mohan Yadav

(e) Himanta Biswa Sarma

 

9) Recently, the Supreme Court of India directed the Central Government to constitute a committee to recommend a uniform post-retirement benefits scheme for retired Chief Justices and High Court judges within how many weeks?

(a) One week

(b) Two weeks

(c) Three weeks

(d) One month

(e) Two months

 

10) Recently, India approved its first dengue vaccine, QDENGA, developed by which company?

(a) Serum Institute of India

(b) Bharat Biotech

(c) Takeda Biopharmaceuticals

(d) Zydus Lifesciences

(e) Biological E

 

11) Recently, American filmmaker James Gray will be honoured with which prestigious award at the 79th Locarno Film Festival 2026?

(a) Golden Lion Award

(b) Golden Leopard Award

(c) Palme d'Or Award

(d) Lifetime Achievement Award

(e) Pardo alla Carriera (Honorary Career Leopard Award)

12) Recently, who was appointed as the additional Chairman & Managing Director (CMD) of Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited (IRCTC)?

(a) Sanjay Kumar Jain

(b) Rahul Himalian

(c) Vikas Kumar

(d) Ashwini Lohani

(e) Alok Kumar

13) Recently, the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) launched the Digital Local Pass facility first at which toll plaza?

(a) Kherki Daula Toll Plaza, Haryana

(b) Mundka–Bakkarwala Toll Plaza, Delhi

(c) L&T Toll Plaza, Maharashtra

(d) Chokhi Dhani Toll Plaza, Rajasthan

(e) Electronic City Toll Plaza, Karnataka

14) Recently, researchers discovered five new species of lichen-forming fungi belonging to which genus from the Western Ghats of India?

(a) Graphis

(b) Parmelia

(c) Allographa

(d) Usnea

(e) Cladonia

 

15) Dr. Muhamed Jafer Palot, after whom Lestes paloti is named, is associated with which organisation?

(a) Botanical Survey of India (BSI)

(b) Wildlife Institute of India (WII)

(c) Zoological Survey of India (ZSI)

(d) Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE)

(e) National Biodiversity Authority (NBA)

16) Recently, India's first approved dengue vaccine Qdenga® is manufactured by which company?

(a) Bharat Biotech

(b) Serum Institute of India

(c) Takeda GmbH

(d) Zydus Lifesciences

(e) Biological E

 

17) Recently, the National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology (NIELIT) announced the establishment of Centres of Excellence (CoEs) in which cities to strengthen India's semiconductor ecosystem?

(a) Bengaluru and Hyderabad

(b) Mumbai and Kolkata

(c) Pune and Chennai

(d) Noida and Mohali

(e) Ahmedabad and Guwahati

 

18) Recently, which institute announced the establishment of the Centre of Excellence on Innovative and Integrated Ecosystem for Green Hydrogen (ECOGEN)?

(a) IIT Delhi

(b) IIT Bombay

(c) IIT Madras

(d) IIT Kanpur

(e) IIT Kharagpur

19) Recently, under the Medical Innovations Patent Mitra initiative, ICMR licensed SHetA2, a novel anti-HPV therapeutic candidate, to which pharmaceutical company?

(a) Bharat Biotech Ltd.

(b) Serum Institute of India

(c) Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

(d) Biological E Ltd.

(e) Zydus Lifesciences Ltd.

Recently, consider the following statements regarding the 23rd Commonwealth Games 2026:

1. The 23rd Commonwealth Games will be held in Glasgow, Scotland from 23 July to 2 August 2026.
2. The Games will feature 10 sports disciplines with six para sports events, making it the largest inclusive para sports programme in Commonwealth Games history.
3. India has announced a 120-member contingent across 13 sports disciplines for the Games.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) Only 1

(b) Only 2 and 3

(c) Only 1 and 3

(d) Only 1 and 2

(e) All the above

 

21) Recently, World Brain Day is observed every year on which date to create awareness about brain health and neurological disorders?

(a) 20 July

(b) 21 July

(c) 23 July

(d) 22 July

(e) 24 July

 

22) Recently, Sir Garfield Sobers, the legendary cricketer who passed away at the age of 89, belonged to which cricket team?

(a) Australia

(b) England

(c) India

(d) West Indies

(e) South Africa

23) Recently, the 2026 Commonwealth Games were shifted to Glasgow after which country withdrew as the host due to high estimated costs?

(a) Australia

(b) Canada

(c) England

(d) New Zealand

(e) South Africa


24) Recently, the Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited (IRCTC) was established in which year?

(a) 1997

(b) 1998

(c) 1999

(d) 2000

(e) 2001

25) Recently, who is the Governor of Chhattisgarh?

(a) Anusuiya Uikey

(b) Ramen Deka

(c) Biswabhusan Harichandan

(d) Kalraj Mishra

(e) Mangubhai Patel

Answers:

1) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

Foreign Investment in India is currently governed by the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-Debt Instruments) Rules, 2019 (NDI Rules).

The Union Budget 2026–27 announced a comprehensive review of the NDI Rules to create a modern, simplified and investor-friendly framework for foreign investments.

The Central Government constituted a Committee to comprehensively review the existing foreign investment regulatory framework, and the RBI prepared the draft Rules based on its recommendations and consultations with stakeholders.

Detailed Explanation:

Foreign Investment in India is currently governed by the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-Debt Instruments) Rules, 2019 (NDI Rules).

The Union Budget 2026–27 announced a comprehensive review of the NDI Rules to create a modern, simplified and investor-friendly framework for foreign investments.

The Central Government constituted a Committee to comprehensively review the existing foreign investment regulatory framework, and the RBI prepared the draft Rules based on its recommendations and consultations with stakeholders.

The Draft Foreign Exchange Management (Foreign Investment) Rules, 2026 aim to create a contemporary, transparent and user-friendly regulatory framework aligned with India's evolving economic priorities.

The proposed Rules introduce a simplified and principle-based framework through rationalisation of provisions, harmonisation of definitions, and a simplified regulatory architecture to reduce regulatory complexity.

The draft Rules provide clear alignment with the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Policy by separating procedural FEMA provisions from policy and sector-specific requirements, ensuring greater regulatory clarity.

 

2) Answer: E

Short Explanation:

Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is a real-time digital payment system operated by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) and is authorised under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.

As of June 2026, 55.49 crore users have been onboarded on the UPI platform, reflecting its rapid adoption across India.

During FY 2025–26, UPI recorded 24,161.69 crore transactions with a total transaction value of ₹314.23 lakh crore, the highest ever since its launch.

NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL), a wholly owned subsidiary of NPCI, was incorporated in April 2020 to expand UPI and RuPay to international markets.

Detailed Explanation:

Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is a real-time digital payment system operated by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) and is authorised under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.

As of June 2026, 55.49 crore users have been onboarded on the UPI platform, reflecting its rapid adoption across India.

During FY 2025–26, UPI recorded 24,161.69 crore transactions with a total transaction value of ₹314.23 lakh crore, the highest ever since its launch.

UPI transaction growth over the last five financial years:

FY 2021–22: 4,595.61 crore transactions | ₹84.16 lakh crore

FY 2022–23: 8,371.44 crore transactions | ₹139.15 lakh crore

FY 2023–24: 13,112.95 crore transactions | ₹199.95 lakh crore

FY 2024–25: 18,586.60 crore transactions | ₹260.56 lakh crore

FY 2025–26: 24,161.69 crore transactions | ₹314.23 lakh crore

NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL), a wholly owned subsidiary of NPCI, was incorporated in April 2020 to expand UPI and RuPay to international markets.

NIPL enables Indian tourists and the Indian diaspora to make seamless cross-border payments while helping partner countries build UPI-like real-time payment systems and RuPay-like domestic card networks.

 

3) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index) for FY 2025–26, with the index rising to 70.0 in March 2026 from 67.0 in March 2025.

The FI-Index was first published in August 2021 for the financial year ending March 2021.

The new SNFA Prudential Norms have been issued under the Resolution of Stressed Assets Directions, 2025.

The revised SNFA framework will come into effect from 1 October 2026.

Under the revised norms, Regulated Entities (REs) are prohibited from selling or transferring Specified Non-Financial Assets (SNFAs) back to the defaulting borrower, its promoters, related parties, or entities acting on behalf of the borrower.

Detailed Explanation:

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index) for FY 2025–26, with the index rising to 70.0 in March 2026 from 67.0 in March 2025.

The improvement in the FI-Index was mainly driven by an increase in the Usage sub-index, reflecting the deepening of financial inclusion across India.

Growth was recorded across all sub-indices of the Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index) during FY 2025–26.

The RBI developed the composite Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index) in consultation with the Government of India (GoI) and other stakeholders to measure the extent of financial inclusion across the country.

The FI-Index was first published in August 2021 for the financial year ending March 2021.

The RBI also issued new "Prudential Norms on Specified Non-Financial Assets (SNFAs) acquired by Regulated Entities (REs)" to strengthen the framework for resolving stressed assets.

The new SNFA Prudential Norms have been issued under the Resolution of Stressed Assets Directions, 2025.

The revised SNFA framework will come into effect from 1 October 2026.

Under the revised norms, Regulated Entities (REs) are prohibited from selling or transferring Specified Non-Financial Assets (SNFAs) back to the defaulting borrower, its promoters, related parties, or entities acting on behalf of the borrower

4) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

The Government of India (GoI) continuously engages with financial sector regulators and other stakeholders to review issues related to the FinTech ecosystem, including digital lending platforms and payment aggregators

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued the Framework for Self-Regulatory Organisation(s) in the FinTech Sector (SRO-FT Framework) on 30 May 2024 to establish regulatory standards, promote ethical conduct, ensure market integrity, resolve disputes, and enhance transparency and accountability among FinTech entities.

The RBI issued the Master Directions on Digital Payment Security Controls in February 2021, mandating banks to implement minimum security standards across internet banking, mobile banking, card payments, and other digital payment channels to combat cyber threats.

Detailed Explanation:

The Government of India (GoI) continuously engages with financial sector regulators and other stakeholders to review issues related to the FinTech ecosystem, including digital lending platforms and payment aggregators.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued the Framework for Self-Regulatory Organisation(s) in the FinTech Sector (SRO-FT Framework) on 30 May 2024 to establish regulatory standards, promote ethical conduct, ensure market integrity, resolve disputes, and enhance transparency and accountability among FinTech entities.

The RBI issued the Master Directions on Digital Payment Security Controls in February 2021, mandating banks to implement minimum security standards across internet banking, mobile banking, card payments, and other digital payment channels to combat cyber threats.

The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) provides an Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) based fraud monitoring solution to banks for Unified Payments Interface (UPI) transactions, enabling real-time fraud alerts and transaction blocking.

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) notified the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) and the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (DPDP Rules 2025) to safeguard the personal data and privacy of individuals.

 

5) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) launched Digital Local Pass and MargMitra Help Centre on the RajmargYatra Mobile App to enhance digital services for National Highway users.

The initiatives support the Digital India programme by providing paperless, technology-driven, and user-friendly highway services.

The Digital Local Pass enables eligible commuters to apply for and obtain monthly toll passes online, eliminating the need to visit toll plazas or submit physical documents.

The facility has been launched initially at the Mundka–Bakkarwala Toll Plaza on Urban Extension Road-II (UER-II), Delhi, and will be expanded to other toll plazas across the country.

Detailed Explanation:

The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) launched Digital Local Pass and MargMitra Help Centre on the RajmargYatra Mobile App to enhance digital services for National Highway users.

The initiatives support the Digital India programme by providing paperless, technology-driven, and user-friendly highway services.

The Digital Local Pass enables eligible commuters to apply for and obtain monthly toll passes online, eliminating the need to visit toll plazas or submit physical documents.

The facility has been launched initially at the Mundka–Bakkarwala Toll Plaza on Urban Extension Road-II (UER-II), Delhi, and will be expanded to other toll plazas across the country.

Residents living within a 20-kilometre radius of an eligible toll plaza can apply for the Digital Local Pass, which provides unlimited travel through the designated toll plaza during the validity period.

The digital verification process integrates Digital Locker (DigiLocker) for address verification, Vehicle Registration Database (VAHAN) for vehicle registration details, Fast Tag (FASTag) for toll account validation, and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to verify the applicant's eligibility.

 

6) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) celebrated its 98th Foundation Day at the Bharat Ratna C. Subramaniam Auditorium, NASC Complex, New Delhi, where Union Minister for Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare and Rural Development Shivraj Singh Chouhan presented a roadmap for “Viksit Krishi and Samruddh Kisan” under the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047.

The Minister announced major targets including development of 100 Climate Smart Villages, reaching ICAR technologies to 100 million farmers, launching “One Institute-One Grand Innovation”, establishing an ICAR Open Digital Knowledge Platform, strengthening action against fake seeds and pesticides, and making ICAR financially self-reliant through technology commercialisation.

Detailed Explanation:

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) celebrated its 98th Foundation Day at the Bharat Ratna C. Subramaniam Auditorium, NASC Complex, New Delhi, where Union Minister for Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare and Rural Development Shivraj Singh Chouhan presented a roadmap for “Viksit Krishi and Samruddh Kisan” under the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047.

The Minister announced major targets including development of 100 Climate Smart Villages, reaching ICAR technologies to 100 million farmers, launching “One Institute-One Grand Innovation”, establishing an ICAR Open Digital Knowledge Platform, strengthening action against fake seeds and pesticides, and making ICAR financially self-reliant through technology commercialisation.

More than 150 ICAR employees received regular appointment letters for the first time, marking a significant milestone in recognising their long-term contribution to the organisation.

Under the One Institute-One Grand Innovation initiative, every ICAR institute has been encouraged to develop at least one transformational innovation within two years in areas such as new crop varieties, vaccines, digital tools, and climate-smart solutions.

The proposed Mission ICAR-100 aims to transform Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) into innovation hubs, climate advisory centres, startup support centres, and farmer technology demonstration centres before ICAR completes 100 years.

7) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

The Delhi Cabinet, chaired by Chief Minister Rekha Gupta, approved the implementation of the Parivartan Scheme, a flagship initiative of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), to promote cleaner commercial transportation in the National Capital Region (NCR).

Parivartan (Programme for Accelerated Renewal and Incentivization of Vehicle Assets) aims to replace BS-IV and older commercial vehicles with BS-VI-compliant or electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce vehicular emissions and improve air quality.

The scheme covers Light Goods Vehicles (LGVs), Medium Goods Vehicles (MGVs), Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs), and commercial buses that are BS-IV or older.

Detailed Explanation:

The Delhi Cabinet, chaired by Chief Minister Rekha Gupta, approved the implementation of the Parivartan Scheme, a flagship initiative of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), to promote cleaner commercial transportation in the National Capital Region (NCR).

Parivartan (Programme for Accelerated Renewal and Incentivization of Vehicle Assets) aims to replace BS-IV and older commercial vehicles with BS-VI-compliant or electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce vehicular emissions and improve air quality.

The scheme covers Light Goods Vehicles (LGVs), Medium Goods Vehicles (MGVs), Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs), and commercial buses that are BS-IV or older.

Owners purchasing new electric LGVs will receive 10-year motor vehicle tax exemption, registration fee waiver, 5% interest subsidy, 8% Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) discount, and a one-time fuel voucher.

Buyers of used electric LGVs will be eligible for 50% motor vehicle tax exemption for 10 years, 5% interest subsidy, and a one-time fuel voucher.

 

8) Answer: A

Short Explanation:

The Mukhyamantri Swasth Bastar Abhiyan has significantly improved maternal and child healthcare in Bastar region, particularly in Sukma district, one of Chhattisgarh's most Left-Wing Extremism (LWE)-affected districts.

The initiative was launched by Chief Minister Vishnu Deo Sai on 14 April 2026 in Sukma to provide accessible healthcare services in remote and tribal areas with limited medical infrastructure.

The campaign focuses on preventive healthcare, maternal and child health, early disease detection, and timely treatment through doorstep healthcare services.

Detailed Explanation:

The Mukhyamantri Swasth Bastar Abhiyan has significantly improved maternal and child healthcare in Bastar region, particularly in Sukma district, one of Chhattisgarh's most Left-Wing Extremism (LWE)-affected districts.

The initiative was launched by Chief Minister Vishnu Deo Sai on 14 April 2026 in Sukma to provide accessible healthcare services in remote and tribal areas with limited medical infrastructure.

The campaign focuses on preventive healthcare, maternal and child health, early disease detection, and timely treatment through doorstep healthcare services.

Under the programme, institutional deliveries in Sukma district have increased to 98.6%, reflecting improved access to healthcare facilities and greater public confidence in government health services.

The initiative has contributed to a decline in Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) through early pregnancy registration, regular antenatal care, vaccination, and continuous monitoring of high-risk pregnancies.

Owners replacing medium and heavy commercial vehicles with BS-VI or electric vehicles will receive 10-year tax exemption, registration fee waiver, 5% interest subsidy, 8% OEM discount, and a one-time fuel voucher.

 

9) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

The Supreme Court of India directed the Central Government to constitute a committee within two weeks to recommend a uniform post-retirement benefits scheme for retired Chief Justices and High Court judges across the country.

The direction was issued while hearing a petition highlighting unequal post-retirement benefits provided to retired High Court judges by different State Governments.

A Supreme Court Bench comprising Chief Justice of India Surya Kant, Justice V. Mohan, and Justice Joymalya Bagchi observed that varying benefits across states violate the principles of equality and dignity.

Detailed Explanation:

The Supreme Court of India directed the Central Government to constitute a committee within two weeks to recommend a uniform post-retirement benefits scheme for retired Chief Justices and High Court judges across the country.

The direction was issued while hearing a petition highlighting unequal post-retirement benefits provided to retired High Court judges by different State Governments.

A Supreme Court Bench comprising Chief Justice of India Surya Kant, Justice V. Mohan, and Justice Joymalya Bagchi observed that varying benefits across states violate the principles of equality and dignity.

The committee has been tasked with preparing uniform national guidelines, examining the financial assistance mechanism for states, and recommending a common post-retirement benefits policy.

The committee has been directed to submit its recommendations to both the Central Government and the Supreme Court within three months of its constitution.

 

10) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

India has approved its first dengue vaccine, QDENGA, after receiving marketing authorisation from the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI), marking a major milestone in the country's fight against dengue.

QDENGA, developed by Takeda Biopharmaceuticals (Japan), is a live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine that provides protection against all four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4).

The vaccine is approved for individuals aged 4 to 60 years, irrespective of whether they have had a previous dengue infection.

Detailed Explanation:

India has approved its first dengue vaccine, QDENGA, after receiving marketing authorisation from the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI), marking a major milestone in the country's fight against dengue.

QDENGA, developed by Takeda Biopharmaceuticals (Japan), is a live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine that provides protection against all four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4).

The vaccine is approved for individuals aged 4 to 60 years, irrespective of whether they have had a previous dengue infection.

QDENGA is administered in a two-dose schedule and does not require pre-vaccination screening, making it easier to include in immunisation programmes.

The approval is based on 19 Phase I, II, and III clinical trials involving over 28,000 participants globally, including a Phase III clinical study in India.

In the global TIDES Phase III Trial, the vaccine demonstrated 80.2% efficacy against laboratory-confirmed dengue one year after the second dose and 90.4% efficacy in preventing dengue-related hospitalisation 18 months after the second dose.

 

11) Answer: E

Short Explanation:

American filmmaker James Gray will be honoured with the prestigious Pardo alla Carriera (Honorary Career Leopard Award) at the 79th Locarno Film Festival on 9 August 2026.

The award will be presented before the screening of his latest film, Paper Tiger, at Piazza Grande, one of Europe's largest open-air cinemas, in Locarno, Switzerland.

Detailed Explanation:

American filmmaker James Gray will be honoured with the prestigious Pardo alla Carriera (Honorary Career Leopard Award) at the 79th Locarno Film Festival on 9 August 2026.

The award will be presented before the screening of his latest film, Paper Tiger, at Piazza Grande, one of Europe's largest open-air cinemas, in Locarno, Switzerland.

The Pardo alla Carriera recognises filmmakers for their lifetime contribution to world cinema and their enduring influence on the global film industry.

As part of the festival, James Gray's acclaimed films We Own the Night (2007) and Two Lovers (2008) will also be screened.

James Gray made his directorial debut with Little Odessa (1994), which won the Silver Lion Award at the Venice Film Festival.

He is renowned for films exploring themes such as family, identity, immigration, and morality, with notable works including The Immigrant (2013), The Lost City of Z (2016), Ad Astra (2019), and Armageddon Time (2022).

The 79th Locarno Film Festival will be held from 5 to 15 August 2026 in Locarno, Switzerland.

12) Answer: B

The Ministry of Railways (MoR) appointed Rahul Himalian, Director (Tourism & Marketing), Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited (IRCTC), as the additional Chairman & Managing Director (CMD) of IRCTC.

Rahul Himalian succeeds Sanjay Kumar Jain, following his resignation as CMD of IRCTC.

His appointment as additional CMD of IRCTC will take effect from 20 July 2026.

He will continue to hold his existing position as Director (Tourism & Marketing), IRCTC, while serving as additional CMD.

13) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has introduced two new citizen-centric digital services on the RajmargYatra Mobile App—Digital Local Pass and MargMitra Help Centre—to strengthen the Digital India initiative and enhance Ease of Living.

The Digital Local Pass enables eligible commuters to purchase monthly toll passes online through the RajmargYatra Mobile App, eliminating the need to visit toll plazas or submit physical documents.

The first Digital Local Pass facility has been launched at the Mundka–Bakkarwala Toll Plaza on Urban Extension Road-II (UER-II), Delhi, and will be expanded to other toll plazas across the country.

Detailed Explanation:

National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has introduced two new citizen-centric digital services on the RajmargYatra Mobile App—Digital Local Pass and MargMitra Help Centre—to strengthen the Digital India initiative and enhance Ease of Living.

The Digital Local Pass enables eligible commuters to purchase monthly toll passes online through the RajmargYatra Mobile App, eliminating the need to visit toll plazas or submit physical documents.

The first Digital Local Pass facility has been launched at the Mundka–Bakkarwala Toll Plaza on Urban Extension Road-II (UER-II), Delhi, and will be expanded to other toll plazas across the country.

Residents living within a 20 km radius of an eligible toll plaza can digitally purchase a Local Pass, allowing unlimited travel through the respective toll plaza for one month.

The Digital Local Pass uses consent-based integration with DigiLocker and VAHAN to automatically retrieve verified address details, vehicle registration number, and linked FASTag information.

Eligibility verification for the Local Pass is carried out using GIS-based verification, ensuring transparency, accuracy, and eliminating manual documentation.

 

14) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

A team of researchers discovered five new species of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the genus Allographa from the Western Ghats of India, a globally significant biodiversity hotspot.

The discovery is significant because Allographa species are important bioindicators of forest health and environmental quality, being highly sensitive to pollution and habitat changes.

The findings will help identify ecologically sensitive areas, strengthen long-term environmental monitoring, and support evidence-based conservation policies and sustainable forest management.

Detailed Explanation:

A team of researchers discovered five new species of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the genus Allographa from the Western Ghats of India, a globally significant biodiversity hotspot.

The discovery is significant because Allographa species are important bioindicators of forest health and environmental quality, being highly sensitive to pollution and habitat changes.

The findings will help identify ecologically sensitive areas, strengthen long-term environmental monitoring, and support evidence-based conservation policies and sustainable forest management.

Allographa is a genus of script lichens (lichen-forming fungi) in the Graphidaceae family, containing more than 200 species worldwide.

A lichen is a symbiotic association between a fungus and algae or cyanobacteria.

The research was conducted by scientists from the MACS Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Pune, an autonomous institute under the Department of Science and Technology (DST).

 

15) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

A team of Indian odonatologists discovered a new species of spreadwing damselfly, Lestes paloti, from the Western Ghats in Kerala.

Lestes paloti belongs to the Lestidae family under the Order Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies).

The discovery was published in the International Journal of Odonatology, an internationally reputed peer-reviewed journal dedicated to research on dragonflies and damselflies.

Detailed Explanation:

A team of Indian odonatologists discovered a new species of spreadwing damselfly, Lestes paloti, from the Western Ghats in Kerala.

Lestes paloti belongs to the Lestidae family under the Order Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies).

The discovery was published in the International Journal of Odonatology, an internationally reputed peer-reviewed journal dedicated to research on dragonflies and damselflies.

The species was named Lestes paloti in honour of Dr. Muhamed Jafer Palot of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Kozhikode, recognising his significant contributions to Indian odonatology and the documentation of Western Ghats fauna.

Lestes paloti has been recorded across 6 districts of Kerala: Kannur, Kozhikode, Wayanad, Malappuram, Palakkad, and Ernakulam.

16) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO), under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), granted marketing authorisation for Qdenga®, making it India's first approved dengue vaccine.

Qdenga® is manufactured by Takeda GmbH, Germany, and will be imported into India by Takeda Biopharmaceuticals India Pvt. Ltd.

The approval was granted after a comprehensive scientific evaluation of the vaccine's quality, safety, and efficacy under the provisions of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and the Drugs Rules, 1945.

Detailed Explanation:

The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO), under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), granted marketing authorisation for Qdenga®, making it India's first approved dengue vaccine.

Qdenga® is manufactured by Takeda GmbH, Germany, and will be imported into India by Takeda Biopharmaceuticals India Pvt. Ltd.

The approval was granted after a comprehensive scientific evaluation of the vaccine's quality, safety, and efficacy under the provisions of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and the Drugs Rules, 1945.

Qdenga® is a Dengue Tetravalent Vaccine (Live, Attenuated) designed to provide protection against all four dengue virus serotypes.

The vaccine is developed using recombinant DNA technology and is produced in Vero cells, with serotype-specific genes engineered into a Dengue Virus Type-2 backbone.

The vaccine contains Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and is supplied as a freeze-dried powder for reconstitution.

Qdenga® is administered as a subcutaneous injection.

 

17) Answer: E

Short Explanation:

The National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology (NIELIT) announced the establishment of 2 Centres of Excellence (CoEs) in Ahmedabad (Gujarat) and Guwahati (Assam) to strengthen India’s semiconductor ecosystem through specialised skill development.

The initiative supports the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) 2.0, approved with an outlay of ₹1.28 lakh crore, to build a skilled semiconductor manufacturing workforce.

The CoEs will provide specialised training in Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) and Assembly, Testing, Marking and Packaging (ATMP) technologies.

Detailed Explanation:

The National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology (NIELIT) announced the establishment of 2 Centres of Excellence (CoEs) in Ahmedabad (Gujarat) and Guwahati (Assam) to strengthen India’s semiconductor ecosystem through specialised skill development.

The initiative supports the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) 2.0, approved with an outlay of ₹1.28 lakh crore, to build a skilled semiconductor manufacturing workforce.

The CoEs will provide specialised training in Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) and Assembly, Testing, Marking and Packaging (ATMP) technologies.

NIELIT has partnered with Tata Electronics, Infineon, and Semiconductor Complex Limited (SCL), Mohali to strengthen semiconductor education and industry collaboration.

The institute will introduce B.Tech, M.Tech, and Diploma programmes in Semiconductor Technology to develop industry-ready professionals.

Under the India AI Mission, NIELIT has established 28 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Labs across the country.

NIELIT currently operates 42 AI-focused programmes to promote Artificial Intelligence education and research.

The vaccine is approved for individuals aged 4 to 60 years for the prevention of dengue disease.

 

18) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur announced the establishment of the Centre of Excellence on Innovative and Integrated Ecosystem for Green Hydrogen (ECOGEN) on 20 July 2026.

The proposal has been approved by the Government of Uttar Pradesh and sanctioned by the Uttar Pradesh New and Renewable Energy Development Agency (UPNEDA) under the Uttar Pradesh Green Hydrogen Policy, 2024.

Detailed Explanation:

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur announced the establishment of the Centre of Excellence on Innovative and Integrated Ecosystem for Green Hydrogen (ECOGEN) on 20 July 2026.

The proposal has been approved by the Government of Uttar Pradesh and sanctioned by the Uttar Pradesh New and Renewable Energy Development Agency (UPNEDA) under the Uttar Pradesh Green Hydrogen Policy, 2024.

Green Hydrogen is produced through electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power, making it a low-carbon fuel with no direct carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions during production.

The ECOGEN Centre of Excellence will promote research, innovation, and technology development across the entire green hydrogen value chain.

The Centre will focus on green hydrogen generation, storage, transportation, utilisation, system integration, safety standards, testing, demonstration projects, and industrial applications.

 

19) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) licensed three indigenous biomedical technologies to Indian pharmaceutical and vaccine companies under its Medical Innovations Patent Mitra initiative.

The technology transfers aim to accelerate the commercialisation of publicly funded research, strengthen India's biomedical innovation ecosystem, and provide affordable healthcare solutions.

SHetA2, a novel anti-HPV therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN), has been licensed to Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Detailed Explanation:

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) licensed three indigenous biomedical technologies to Indian pharmaceutical and vaccine companies under its Medical Innovations Patent Mitra initiative.

The technology transfers aim to accelerate the commercialisation of publicly funded research, strengthen India's biomedical innovation ecosystem, and provide affordable healthcare solutions.

SHetA2, a novel anti-HPV therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN), has been licensed to Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

SHetA2 was jointly developed by Dr. Showket Hussain of ICMR–National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (ICMR-NICPR) and Dr. Doris M. Benbrook of the Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, USA.

SHetA2 is a first-in-class targeted therapeutic candidate that selectively destroys HPV-induced precancerous and cervical cancer cells while sparing healthy cells, offering a safe, affordable, and minimally invasive treatment option.

Two next-generation vaccine technologies developed at ICMR–National Institute of Research in Bacterial Infections (ICMR-NIRBI), Kolkata have been licensed to Biological E Ltd.

 

20) Answer: E

Short Explanation:

The 23rd Commonwealth Games will be held in Glasgow, Scotland from 23 July to 2 August 2026, featuring participation from 74 Commonwealth countries over 11 days.

The Games will include 10 sports disciplines with six para sports events, making it the largest inclusive para sports programme in Commonwealth Games history.

India has announced a 120-member contingent across 13 sports disciplines, with major medal hopes resting on athletes including Neeraj Chopra (Athletics), Mirabai Chanu (Weightlifting), Lovlina Borgohain (Boxing), Srihari Nataraj (Swimming), and Murali Sreeshankar (Athletics).

Detailed Explanation:

The 23rd Commonwealth Games will be held in Glasgow, Scotland from 23 July to 2 August 2026, featuring participation from 74 Commonwealth countries over 11 days.

The Games will include 10 sports disciplines with six para sports events, making it the largest inclusive para sports programme in Commonwealth Games history.

India has announced a 120-member contingent across 13 sports disciplines, with major medal hopes resting on athletes including Neeraj Chopra (Athletics), Mirabai Chanu (Weightlifting), Lovlina Borgohain (Boxing), Srihari Nataraj (Swimming), and Murali Sreeshankar (Athletics).

The Indian contingent will be led by Mirabai Chanu (Weightlifting) and Lovlina Borgohain (Boxing) as flag bearers during the opening ceremony on 23 July 2026.

The 10 sports included in the Glasgow Commonwealth Games 2026 are Athletics, Para Athletics, Swimming, Para Swimming, Boxing, Judo, Weightlifting, Track Cycling, Para Track Cycling, Artistic Gymnastics, Netball, Bowls, 3×3 Basketball, 3×3 Wheelchair Basketball, and Para Powerlifting.

The Games will feature 215 gold medal events across different sporting categories

 

21) Answer: D

World Brain Day is observed every year on 22 July to create awareness about brain health, prevent neurological disorders, and promote better treatment, rehabilitation, and care for people affected by brain-related disabilities.

The day was established by the World Federation of Neurology (WFN) to highlight the importance of neurology research, early diagnosis, and global efforts towards improving brain health.

The World Federation of Neurology (WFN) was founded on 22 July 1957 in Belgium and has emerged as a leading global organisation promoting neurological education, research, and healthcare awareness.

 

22) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

Sir Garfield Sobers, the legendary West Indies cricketer and widely regarded as one of the greatest all-rounders in cricket history, passed away in Saint Michael, Barbados, at the age of 89.

He was born on 28 July 1936 in Bridgetown, Barbados.

Sir Garfield Sobers was a left-handed batter, versatile left-arm bowler, and an exceptional fielder, making him one of the most complete cricketers in the history of the game.

He represented the West Indies in 93 Test matches between 1954 and 1974, scoring 8,032 Test runs at an impressive batting average of 57.78 and claiming 235 Test wickets.

Detailed Explanation:

Sir Garfield Sobers, the legendary West Indies cricketer and widely regarded as one of the greatest all-rounders in cricket history, passed away in Saint Michael, Barbados, at the age of 89.

He was born on 28 July 1936 in Bridgetown, Barbados.

Sir Garfield Sobers was a left-handed batter, versatile left-arm bowler, and an exceptional fielder, making him one of the most complete cricketers in the history of the game.

He represented the West Indies in 93 Test matches between 1954 and 1974, scoring 8,032 Test runs at an impressive batting average of 57.78 and claiming 235 Test wickets.

He is universally recognised as cricket's greatest all-rounder due to his outstanding contributions with both bat and ball.

In 1958, he scored a then world-record 365 runs in a Test innings against Pakistan, becoming the youngest player at that time to hold the record for the highest individual Test score.

In 1968, he became the first cricketer in first-class cricket history to hit six sixes in a single over, achieving the feat while playing for Nottinghamshire against Glamorgan.

23) Answer: A

The 2026 Commonwealth Games have been reduced in scale after Victoria, Australia, withdrew as host in 2023 due to estimated costs of around A$6–7 billion.

Glasgow adopted a cost-effective hosting model by using existing infrastructure, reducing the number of sports from 19 at Birmingham 2022 to 10 sports in 2026.

Sir Garfield Sobers captained the West Indies in 39 Test matches during 1965–1972, leading the team in an important era of international cricket.

He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1975 for his outstanding services to cricket.

In 2000, he was named among Wisden's Five Cricketers of the 20th Century, one of the highest recognitions in cricket.

In 2009, he was inducted into the International Cricket Council (ICC) Hall of Fame in recognition of his extraordinary achievements.

The prestigious Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy is awarded annually to the ICC Men's Cricketer of the Year, commemorating his lasting legacy in world cricket.

 

24) Answer: C

Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited (IRCTC) was established in 1999.

IRCTC is a Schedule ‘A’ Navratna Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) under the Ministry of Railways (MoR).

IRCTC is responsible for railway ticketing, catering, tourism, and hospitality services across Indian Railways.

Headquarters of IRCTC: New Delhi, Delhi.

25) Answer: B

About Chhattisgarh:

Chief Minister: Vishnu Deo Sai

Governor: Ramen Deka

Capital: Raipur

National Parks: Indravati, Kanger Valley, Guru Ghasidas National Parks

Wildlife Sanctuaries: Achanakmar, Barnawapara, Udanti Wild Buffalo, Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuaries