Dear Readers, Daily Current Affairs Questions Quiz for SBI, IBPS, RBI, RRB, SSC Exam 2025 of 12th November 2025. Daily GK quiz online for bank & competitive exam. Here we have given the Daily Current Affairs Quiz based on the previous days Daily Current Affairs updates. Candidates preparing for IBPS, SBI, RBI, RRB, SSC Exam 2025 & other competitive exams can make use of these Current Affairs Quiz.

 

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1) To strengthen cross-border remittance ties between India and Bahrain in 2025, which Bahraini electronic fund transfer system was integrated with India's UPI platform? 

(a) BenefitPay

(b) Fawri+

(c) FinConnect

(d) GulfLink

(e) RapidRemit

2) To assess the financial stability of major economies like India, which two international institutions collaborate on conducting the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP)? 

(a) World Bank and WTO

(b) IMF and BIS

(c) World Bank and IMF

(d) ADB and World Bank

(e) OECD and IMF

3) In a move to enhance user experience and reward value, what innovative redemption option has Paytm introduced in its revamped AI-driven app? 

(a) Cashback to wallet

(b) Airline miles

(c) Shopping vouchers

(d) Digital gold conversion

(e) Cryptocurrency credits

4) Which organization provided $331 million in debt financing for ReNew Energy’s clean energy project in Andhra Pradesh? 

(a) World Bank

(b) International Finance Corporation

(c) Asian Development Bank

(d) Japan International Cooperation Agency

(e) NITI Aayog

5) Which organization partnered with SIDBI Venture Capital Fund to launch the ₹1,000-crore fund for space startups? 

(a) ISRO

(b) Antrix Corporation

(c) DRDO

(d) NSIL

(e) IN-SPACe

6) Which company has been empanelled as a Corporate Business Correspondent (CBC) Vendor by the Bank of Maharashtra? 

(a) Bartronics India

(b) Paytm

(c) NPCI

(d) Bharat Electronics

(e) Infosys

7) Who inaugurated the Hanimaadhoo International Airport, hailed as a gateway to prosperity for northern Maldives? 

(a) Narendra Modi

(b) Mohamed Muizzu

(c) Ibrahim Mohamed Solih

(d) Sheikh Hasina

(e) Gotabaya Rajapaksa

8) Who is the army chief granted expanded powers under Pakistan’s 27th Constitutional Amendment introduced in 2025? 

(a) General Qamar Javed Bajwa

(b) General Asim Munir

(c) General Raheel Sharif

(d) General Pervez Musharraf

(e) General Zia-ul-Haq

9) The redevelopment of Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (JLN) Stadium aims to benchmark designs against sports cities in which countries? 

(a) USA and Canada

(b) Japan and South Korea

(c) UK and Germany

(d) Qatar and Australia

(e) Brazil and Argentina

10) India’s only overseas military base, Ayni Airbase, which provided strategic access near Afghanistan and China, was located in which Central Asian country? 

(a) Tajikistan

(b) Kyrgyzstan

(c) Uzbekistan

(d) Kazakhstan

(e) Turkmenistan

11) What is the maximum imprisonment term for practicing polygamy under the Assam Prohibition of Polygamy Bill 2025? 

(a) 3 years

(b) 5 years

(c) 7 years

(d) 10 years

(e) Life imprisonment

12) Where did India and Vietnam hold their 15th Defence Policy Dialogue in November 2025, reinforcing their strategic partnership? 

(a) New Delhi

(b) Ho Chi Minh City

(c) Hanoi

(d) Da Nang

(e) Mumbai

13) Which Indian Army regiment, known for its valour and rich history, is the primary participant in Exercise Mitra Shakti-2025? 

(a) Gorkha Rifles

(b) Parachute Regiment

(c) Sikh Regiment

(d) Maratha Light Infantry

(e) Rajput Regiment

14) Who became the first Indian to be elected President of the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles (OICA) in November 2025? 

(a) Ratan Tata

(b) Shailesh Chandra

(c) Anand Mahindra

(d) Rajesh Gopinath

(e) Pawan Goenka

15) Who was awarded the 2025 Booker Prize for the novel ‘Flesh’, becoming the first author of Hungarian heritage to win this prestigious literary award? 

(a) Kiran Desai

(b) Susan Choi

(c) David Szalay

(d) Andrew Miller

(e) Ben Markovits

16) The solar power plants to be installed under the Solar Energy Corporation of India Limited (SECI) and the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) MoU will be located along which highway? 

(a) NH-44

(b) NH-278S

(c) NH-48

(d) NH-709B

(e) NH-161V

17) Which mission was newly incorporated into the scope of cooperation in the renewed MoU between NHA, DHR, and ICMR in 2025? 

(a) Swachh Bharat Mission

(b) Digital India Mission

(c) Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)

(d) National Health Mission

(e) Make in India

18) During President Droupadi Murmu’s visit to Angola, which Indian-led global initiatives did Angola join, highlighting cooperation on climate and biodiversity? 

(a) International Solar Alliance and Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure

(b) International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) and Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA)

(c) International Renewable Energy Agency and Global Vaccine Alliance

(d) Clean Energy Ministerial and Global Green Growth Institute

(e) Global Environment Facility and C40 Cities

19) India’s rise in global wealth creation was spotlighted in the Hurun Global Billionaire Cities Report 2025, as two Indian cities stormed into the world’s top 10 billionaire hubs. Which cities were they? 

(a) Bengaluru and Hyderabad

(b) Mumbai and Chennai

(c) Mumbai and New Delhi

(d) Kolkata and Pune

(e) Ahmedabad and Gurugram

20) In the 2025 Henley Passport Index, which evaluates global mobility by counting visa-free destinations, what rank did India achieve, reflecting its passport’s strength on the world stage? 

(a) 85th

(b) 80th

(c) 95th

(d) 70th

(e) 60th

21) Where will the 2nd WHO Traditional Medicine Global Summit, themed “Restoring Balance: The Science and Practice of Health and Well-being,” be held in December 2025? 

(a) Geneva

(b) Hyderabad

(c) New Delhi

(d) Bengaluru

(e) Varanasi

22) Which Bengaluru-based startup demonstrated India’s first large-scale Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network in 2025? 

(a) Bellatrix Aerospace

(b) QNu Labs

(c) IdeaForge

(d) Skyroot Aerospace

(e) Atomberg Technologies

23) When is World Pneumonia Day observed annually to raise awareness about pneumonia prevention and treatment? 

(a) 10th November

(b) 11th November

(c) 12th November

(d) 13th November

(e) 14th November

24) What is the capital of Albania?

(a) Pristina

(b) Skopje

(c) Podgorica

(d) Tirana

(e) Belgrade

25) What is the official currency of France?

(a) Franc

(b) Euro

(c) Pound

(d) Dollar

(e) Yen

Answers :

1) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL), the international arm of the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), has partnered with BENEFIT, Bahrain’s leading fintech and electronic financial transactions company, to enable real-time cross-border remittances between India and Bahrain.

The partnership connects India’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with Bahrain’s Fawri+ electronic fund transfer system, allowing users in both countries to send and receive money instantly and securely.

Detailed Explanation:

NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL), the international arm of the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), has partnered with BENEFIT, Bahrain’s leading fintech and electronic financial transactions company, to enable real-time cross-border remittances between India and Bahrain.

The partnership connects India’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with Bahrain’s Fawri+ electronic fund transfer system, allowing users in both countries to send and receive money instantly and securely.

Key Highlights :

Established under the guidance of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB), the initiative aims to advance cross-border payment connectivity and promote digital financial inclusion.

The UPI–Fawri+ linkage will create a strategic remittance corridor, benefiting the large Indian community in Bahrain, which makes up around 30% of Bahrain’s population.

NPCI Bharat BillPay Limited (NBBL), a wholly owned subsidiary of NPCI, has partnered with Clearcorp Dealing Systems (India) Ltd (Clearcorp), a subsidiary of the Clearing Corporation of India Ltd (CCIL), to launch forex services on Bharat Connect.

The new forex feature allows customers to buy foreign currency, reload Forex Cards, and make outward remittances through Third Party Application Providers (TPAPs) and mobile banking apps integrated with Bharat Connect (BBPS).

The forex service was unveiled during the Global Fintech Fest 2025, highlighting India’s push for innovation in digital and cross-border payments.

MD & CEO, NPCI International : Ritesh Shukla

Chief Executive, BENEFIT : Abdulwahed AlJanahi

2) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP), jointly conducted by the IMF and World Bank, assesses financial sector stability every five years, and India undergoes this assessment as a systemically important economy.

The report noted that India’s financial system has become more resilient, diversified, and inclusive since the 2017 assessment, supported by reforms that helped recovery from past crises and the pandemic.

Detailed Explanation:

The World Bank’s Financial Sector Assessment (FSA) report emphasized that India must accelerate financial sector reforms and mobilise private capital to achieve its goal of becoming a USD 30-trillion economy by 2047.

The report praised India’s world-class Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) and inclusive government programmes, which have enhanced financial inclusion and improved access to financial services for both men and women.

It recommended steps to increase account usage among women and expand access to diverse financial products for individuals and MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises).

The Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP), jointly conducted by the IMF and World Bank, assesses financial sector stability every five years, and India undergoes this assessment as a systemically important economy.

The report noted that India’s financial system has become more resilient, diversified, and inclusive since the 2017 assessment, supported by reforms that helped recovery from past crises and the pandemic.

India’s capital market depth increased from 144% to 175% of GDP since 2017, and the report advised developing credit enhancement tools, risk-sharing facilities, and securitisation platforms to mobilise more private investment.

3) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

Paytm (One97 Communications Limited) has launched a redesigned flagship app powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) to make digital payments faster, smarter, and more personalised.

The company has also introduced an upgraded version of its travel platform to enhance user experience.

Paytm has rolled out a feature allowing users to convert loyalty points into digital gold, offering a new rewards redemption option.

Detailed Explanation:

Paytm (One97 Communications Limited) has launched a redesigned flagship app powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) to make digital payments faster, smarter, and more personalised.

The company has also introduced an upgraded version of its travel platform to enhance user experience.

Paytm has rolled out a feature allowing users to convert loyalty points into digital gold, offering a new rewards redemption option.

Loyalty points can be converted once they reach ₹15, and users earn double points for payments made using RuPay cards.

One hundred gold coins are equivalent to ₹1 worth of digital gold, which can be redeemed directly through the Paytm app.

4) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

ReNew Energy Global Plc has secured $331 million (₹2,935 crore) in debt financing from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for a clean energy project in Andhra Pradesh.

The total project funding is $477 million, with $146 million to be mobilised by ADB from other lenders.

Detailed Explanation:

ReNew Energy Global Plc has secured $331 million (₹2,935 crore) in debt financing from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for a clean energy project in Andhra Pradesh.

The total project funding is $477 million, with $146 million to be mobilised by ADB from other lenders.

The project integrates 837 MWp of wind and solar capacity with a 415 MWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS).

ADB’s debt package includes $291 million in local-currency financing and $40 million from the LEAP 2 fund.

LEAP 2 is an ADB-managed fund with a $1.5 billion commitment from the Japan International Cooperation Agency.

Established in 2023, it focuses on sustainable private sector infrastructure projects that reduce carbon emissions, improve energy efficiency, and provide affordable health care, education, and communication services to ADB’s developing member countries

5) Answer: E

Short Explanation:

The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) and the Small Industries Development Bank of India Venture Capital Ltd (SIDBI Venture Capital Fund) have signed a contribution agreement to operationalise the ₹1,000-crore Venture Capital Fund for India’s private space sector.

Detailed Explanation:

The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) and the Small Industries Development Bank of India Venture Capital Ltd (SIDBI Venture Capital Fund) have signed a contribution agreement to operationalise the ₹1,000-crore Venture Capital Fund for India’s private space sector.

The signing marks the official start of investment activities after receiving SEBI approval on October 31, 2025.

The Union Cabinet had approved the fund’s creation in October 2024, and SIDBI was appointed fund manager in March 2025.

The fund aims to support around 40 space start-ups over the next five years, boosting innovation and scalability in the sector.

The capital distribution plan includes ₹150 crore in 2025–26, ₹250 crore annually for the next three years, and ₹100 crore in 2029–30.

The fund will support companies at various growth stages, offering ₹10–30 crore for growth-stage startups and ₹30–60 crore for late-stage startups.

The initiative is a major step in strengthening India’s private space ecosystem by providing early-stage and growth capital to startups in launch, satellite, payload, and in-space technologies.

6) Answer: A

Short Explanation:

Bartronics India has been empanelled as a Corporate Business Correspondent (CBC) Vendor by the Bank of Maharashtra for a five-year term.

The company currently operates 1,800 CBC locations, serving over 15 million people across 1,800 villages.

Detailed Explanation:

Bartronics India has been empanelled as a Corporate Business Correspondent (CBC) Vendor by the Bank of Maharashtra for a five-year term.

The company currently operates 1,800 CBC locations, serving over 15 million people across 1,800 villages.

Under this partnership, Bartronics aims to expand its network to 3,000 banking touchpoints within 6–9 months.

The expansion focus areas include Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Karnataka.

7) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

Maldives President Mohamed Muizzu inaugurated the Hanimaadhoo International Airport, developed under India’s Line of Credit (LoC), describing it as a gateway to prosperity for northern Maldives.

The airport project was financed through an USD 800 million Line of Credit extended by EXIM Bank of India under an agreement signed in 2019 between India and Maldives.

Detailed Explanation:

Maldives President Mohamed Muizzu inaugurated the Hanimaadhoo International Airport, developed under India’s Line of Credit (LoC), describing it as a gateway to prosperity for northern Maldives.

The airport project was financed through an USD 800 million Line of Credit extended by EXIM Bank of India under an agreement signed in 2019 between India and Maldives.

The construction contract for the airport was awarded to India’s JMC Projects at a cost of USD 136.6 million.

President Muizzu hailed the project as a symbol of economic transformation, expected to boost tourism, agriculture, fisheries, and overall socio-economic development in the northern region of the Maldives.

8) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

Pakistan’s democracy faces serious strain as the government introduces the 27th Constitutional Amendment, aimed at permanently altering the civil-military power balance.

The bill, introduced in the Senate on November 8, 2025, proposes major changes to the judiciary, provincial fiscal powers, and military leadership, centralizing authority in the army chief, General Asim Munir.

Detailed Explanation:

Pakistan’s democracy faces serious strain as the government introduces the 27th Constitutional Amendment, aimed at permanently altering the civil-military power balance.

The bill, introduced in the Senate on November 8, 2025, proposes major changes to the judiciary, provincial fiscal powers, and military leadership, centralizing authority in the army chief, General Asim Munir.

The amendment is criticized for institutionalizing military control and weakening civilian oversight, potentially making Pakistan a military-dominated state.

Key Highlights :

It proposes creating a constitutional office of Field Marshal/Chief of Defence Forces with:

Fixed five-year tenure.

Exclusive authority over military and intelligence appointments.

Immunity from legal challenges.

Control over paramilitary and internal security forces.

Judicial independence would be eroded as judicial appointments and transfers shift to the Prime Minister’s office, with a new Federal Constitutional Court reducing Supreme Court oversight.

Provincial autonomy will be curtailed by allowing Islamabad to cut provincial budgets, regain control over education and health, and suppress dissent in opposition-led provinces.

The amendment undermines democratic norms by giving the ruling party greater influence in appointing Election Commission members, risking manipulated or rigged elections.

For India, this implies dialogue with Pakistan’s elected leadership becomes meaningless, as decisions on terrorism, Kashmir, and border security shift to the military.

In Balochistan and PoK, military operations may increase, possibly leading to human rights violations.

9) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

In a major initiative to enhance India’s sports infrastructure, the Sports Ministry has announced plans to redevelop the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (JLN) in New Delhi into a modern Sports City.

The project is currently in the planning and evaluation phase, with designs being benchmarked against successful global models such as sports cities in Qatar and Australia.

Detailed Explanation:

In a major initiative to enhance India’s sports infrastructure, the Sports Ministry has announced plans to redevelop the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (JLN) in New Delhi into a modern Sports City.

The 102-acre complex will be completely transformed into a state-of-the-art sports facility, integrating multiple sporting disciplines, athlete accommodation, and training amenities within a single campus.

The redevelopment will include:

Complete dismantling and rebuilding of the existing stadium structure.

Development of an integrated sports complex featuring indoor and outdoor arenas, practice fields, and spectator-friendly zones.

Establishment of lodging facilities for athletes, providing access to training, recovery, and residence in one place.

Inclusion of high-performance centers with advanced sports science and medical facilities.

The project is currently in the planning and evaluation phase, with designs being benchmarked against successful global models such as sports cities in Qatar and Australia.

No official timeline or cost estimate has been confirmed yet, as authorities assess feasibility and logistics for phased development.

The redevelopment aims to ensure minimal disruption to ongoing activities at the stadium and requires close coordination among sports federations, urban planning bodies, and local communities.

Environmental sustainability and heritage conservation will be key factors during implementation.

Benefits for athletes: access to modern, centralized training infrastructure with medical, nutritional, and psychological support systems.

Benefits for the public: enhanced access to sports and recreation facilities, making the venue a hub for both professional and community-level sporting activities.

The initiative signifies a strategic step toward building world-class sports ecosystems in India, fostering athletic excellence and global competitiveness.

10) Answer: A

Short Explanation:

India has withdrawn from the Ayni Airbase in Tajikistan, its only overseas military base, marking a major strategic shift in its Central Asia policy.

Detailed Explanation:

India has withdrawn from the Ayni Airbase in Tajikistan, its only overseas military base, marking a major strategic shift in its Central Asia policy.

The move, which took place in 2022, has recently come to light and ends India’s two-decade-long military presence outside its borders.

Ayni Airbase, originally a Soviet-era facility, was modernized by India in 2002 with an investment of around USD 80 million under the Border Roads Organisation (BRO).

Key Highlights:

The base featured a 3,200-metre runway, hangars, fuel storage, and air traffic control systems, providing India with a vantage point near Afghanistan’s Wakhan Corridor, Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK), and China’s Xinjiang province.

It served as India’s only permanent overseas military post, enabling regional monitoring, support to the Northern Alliance, and evacuation operations during Afghanistan crises.

At its operational peak, the base housed Sukhoi-30 MKI fighter jets and around 200 Indian personnel, strengthening India’s presence amid Chinese and Russian influence in Central Asia.

India’s withdrawal followed the expiration of the bilateral agreement in 2022, which was not renewed by Tajikistan, reportedly due to pressure from Russia and China.

The withdrawal was conducted quietly without an official announcement to avoid geopolitical attention.

The closure marks a strategic setback for India, limiting its regional reach and military logistics in Central Asia.

In contrast, China operates a military base in Djibouti and is building another in Tajikistan, while the United States maintains over 100 overseas bases globally.

India’s exit underscores its limited overseas military footprint, which may affect its strategic influence and rapid response capabilities in future regional developments.

11) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The Government of Assam approved the Assam Prohibition of Polygamy Bill 2025 to prohibit the practice of polygamy (entering into more than one marriage while the first marriage subsists), making it a punishable offence.

The Bill aims to ensure legal uniformity in marriage practices and safeguard women’s rights.

Under the Bill, any person marrying another while their first marriage is still valid will face imprisonment of up to 7 years.

Detailed Explanation:

The Government of Assam approved the Assam Prohibition of Polygamy Bill 2025 to prohibit the practice of polygamy (entering into more than one marriage while the first marriage subsists), making it a punishable offence.

The Bill aims to ensure legal uniformity in marriage practices and safeguard women’s rights.

Key Highlights:

Under the Bill, any person marrying another while their first marriage is still valid will face imprisonment of up to 7 years.

A special compensation fund will be established for women affected by polygamous marriages.

The Bill will be tabled in the Assam Legislative Assembly on 25 November 2025 for approval.

The law will not apply to Scheduled Tribes (STs) or residents of areas under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution in Assam.

Muslim marriages in Scheduled Areas before 2005 are also exempted from the Bill.

The move is aimed at promoting gender justice, legal uniformity, and protection of women from economic and legal vulnerabilities.

An expert committee earlier confirmed that Assam has the legislative competence to enact such a law as marriage and divorce fall under the Concurrent List of the Constitution.

Once enacted, this law could serve as a model for other Indian states considering reforms in personal and marriage laws.

12) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The 15th India–Vietnam Defence Policy Dialogue (DPD) was held in Hanoi on November 10, 2025, co-chaired by Defence Secretary Shri Rajesh Kumar Singh and Vietnam’s Deputy Minister of National Defence Sr Lt Gen Hoang Xuan Chien.

Both sides reviewed progress in cooperation areas including hydrography, capacity building & training, UN Peacekeeping Operations, port calls, ship visits, and niche domains such as AI and shipyard upgradation.

Detailed Explanation:

The 15th India–Vietnam Defence Policy Dialogue (DPD) was held in Hanoi on November 10, 2025, co-chaired by Defence Secretary Shri Rajesh Kumar Singh and Vietnam’s Deputy Minister of National Defence Sr Lt Gen Hoang Xuan Chien.

Both sides reviewed progress in cooperation areas including hydrography, capacity building & training, UN Peacekeeping Operations, port calls, ship visits, and niche domains such as AI and shipyard upgradation.

Key Highlights :

A Memorandum of Agreement was signed for Mutual Submarine Search and Rescue Support and Cooperation, creating a framework for joint submarine rescue operations.

A Letter of Intent was signed to strengthen defence industry cooperation, focusing on Transfer of Technology (ToT), high-tech and core technology, joint R&D, Joint Ventures, and defence equipment production.

Both sides agreed to hold the next meeting on defence industry cooperation in December 2025 under the Implementing Arrangement between India’s Department of Defence Production and Vietnam’s General Department of Defence Industry.

The Defence Secretary also met Vietnam’s Minister of National Defence Gen Phan Van Giang and briefed him on the key outcomes of the 15th DPD.

The 16th Defence Policy Dialogue will be held in India in 2026.

The DPD is the main mechanism to review and guide the India–Vietnam Defence Partnership under the India–Vietnam Joint Vision Statement 2030.

Defence cooperation is a key pillar of the India–Vietnam Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

Vietnam is a crucial partner in India’s Act East Policy and Indo-Pacific Vision, with the dialogue further strengthening bilateral defence ties.

13) Answer: E

Short Explanation:

The Indian contingent includes 170 personnel mainly from the Rajput Regiment, while the Sri Lankan contingent comprises 135 personnel from the Gajaba Regiment.

Additional participants include 20 Indian Air Force personnel and 10 Sri Lankan Air Force personnel supporting the joint training.

Detailed Explanation:

Exercise Mitra Shakti-2025, the 11ᵗʰ edition of the India–Sri Lanka joint military exercise, began on 10 November 2025 at the Foreign Training Node in Belagavi, Karnataka, and will continue till 23 November 2025.

The exercise aims to enhance interoperability in counter-terrorist operations and strengthen bilateral defence cooperation under Chapter VII of the United Nations mandate.

Key Highlights :

The Indian contingent includes 170 personnel mainly from the Rajput Regiment, while the Sri Lankan contingent comprises 135 personnel from the Gajaba Regiment.

Additional participants include 20 Indian Air Force personnel and 10 Sri Lankan Air Force personnel supporting the joint training.

The drill focuses on sub-conventional operations, including search-and-destroy missions, heliborne operations, counter-terrorist raids, and combat reflex shooting.

Training modules also include Army Martial Arts Routine (AMAR) and yoga sessions, promoting physical endurance and mental discipline.

Modern warfare components such as drones, Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems (C-UAS), and helicopters are integrated for realistic battlefield scenarios.

The exercise features joint drills on securing helipads and casualty evacuation under operational conditions.

The 10th edition of India- Sri Lanka Joint Military Exercise MITRA SHAKTI commenced at Army Training School, Maduru Oya, Sri Lanka scheduled to be conducted from 12th to 25th August 2024.

The 1st edition of the Joint Military Exercise “Mitra Shakti” was launched in 2013.

14) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

Shailesh Chandra, President of SIAM and MD & CEO of Tata Motors Passenger Vehicles and Tata Passenger Electric Mobility, has been elected President of the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles (OICA), effective November 1, 2025.

He succeeds John Bozzella, President and CEO of the Alliance for Automotive Innovation (USA).

Detailed Explanation:

Shailesh Chandra, President of SIAM and MD & CEO of Tata Motors Passenger Vehicles and Tata Passenger Electric Mobility, has been elected President of the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles (OICA), effective November 1, 2025.

He succeeds John Bozzella, President and CEO of the Alliance for Automotive Innovation (USA).

Shailesh Chandra becomes the first Indian to head OICA , marking a major milestone for India’s global automotive leadership.

He highlighted that OICA’s role will be key in promoting regional diversity and sustainable mobility as the automotive industry moves toward net-zero goals.

Hildegard Müller, President of Germany’s VDA, has been appointed Vice-President of OICA.

Founded in 1919, OICA represents 36 national automotive associations and works with the UN’s World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (UNECE WP.29) to frame global vehicle standards and policies.

15) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

Hungarian-British author David Szalay won the 2025 Booker Prize for his sixth novel ‘Flesh’ at a ceremony held at Old Billingsgate, London.

He received the £50,000 prize and the Booker Trophy from last year’s winner Samantha Harvey.

Detailed Explanation:

Hungarian-British author David Szalay won the 2025 Booker Prize for his sixth novel ‘Flesh’ at a ceremony held at Old Billingsgate, London.

He received the £50,000 prize and the Booker Trophy from last year’s winner Samantha Harvey.

The judges hailed ‘Flesh’ as “a hypnotically tense and compelling novel that becomes an astonishingly moving portrait of a man’s life.”

With this victory, Szalay became the first author of Hungarian heritage to win the Booker Prize.

The Booker Prize 2025 judging panel was chaired by Irish novelist Roddy Doyle.

David Szalay was born in Canada, raised in London (UK), and currently resides in Vienna, Austria.

His previous works include ‘London and the South-East’ (winner of the Betty Trask Award and Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize) and ‘All That Man Is’ (shortlisted for the 2016 Booker Prize and winner of the Gordon Burn Prize).

He was featured in Granta’s “Best of Young British Novelists” (2013)

‘Flesh’ follows István, a 15-year-old Hungarian boy whose unsettling relationship with an older, married neighbor shapes his life journey from military life to London’s elite society.

The novel explores themes of desire, loneliness, identity, power, and moral decay, written in minimalist and precise prose reflecting psychological realism.

Other shortlisted authors included Kiran Desai (‘The Loneliness of Sonia and Sunny’), Susan Choi (‘Flashlight’), Katie Kitamura (‘Audition’), Ben Markovits (‘The Rest of Our Lives’), and Andrew Miller (‘The Land in Winter’).

Each shortlisted author received £2,500 and a specially bound edition of their book.

Kiran Desai, who won the 2006 Booker Prize for ‘The Inheritance of Loss’, narrowly missed a second win.

In his acceptance speech, David Szalay described ‘Flesh’ as “a risky and deeply personal work,” marking a major milestone in his literary career.

16) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

In line with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of making India Net Zero by 2070 and promoting renewable energy and sustainable development, the Solar Energy Corporation of India Limited (SECI) and the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the installation of solar power plants along the elevated portion of Package-1 (Delhi portion) of the Delhi–Saharanpur–Dehradun Highway (NH-709B) under Phase-1.

Detailed Explanation:

In line with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of making India Net Zero by 2070 and promoting renewable energy and sustainable development, the Solar Energy Corporation of India Limited (SECI) and the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the installation of solar power plants along the elevated portion of Package-1 (Delhi portion) of the Delhi–Saharanpur–Dehradun Highway (NH-709B) under Phase-1.

Key Highlights:

The MoU was signed in the presence of Shri Harsh Malhotra, Minister of State for Corporate Affairs & Road Transport and Highways, Shri V. Umashankar, Secretary, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), and Shri Sanjay Sharma, Director, SECI Ltd.

The collaboration aims to develop renewable energy projects on highway infrastructure, utilizing solar energy to power highway operations and reduce the carbon footprint.

This initiative is designed to generate clean energy, serving as a model for sustainable infrastructure development across India.

Shri Harsh Malhotra emphasized that the MoU reflects the government’s commitment to promoting renewable energy and sustainable growth. He added that this partnership between SECI and NHAI will pave the way for innovative, eco-friendly solutions for India’s highway infrastructure.

The project aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to a cleaner and greener environment, while also demonstrating the feasibility of integrating renewable energy with infrastructure projects.

The collaboration showcases the shared commitment of SECI and NHAI toward achieving a sustainable future, in line with the government’s goal of reducing carbon emissions and promoting renewable energy adoption across national infrastructure.

17) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The National Health Authority (NHA), the implementing body of Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) and the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM), has renewed its Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Department of Health Research (DHR) and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).

Detailed Explanation:

The National Health Authority (NHA), the implementing body of Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) and the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM), has renewed its Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Department of Health Research (DHR) and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).

The renewed collaboration aims to strengthen technical cooperation for evidence-based decision-making, optimize healthcare resource allocation, and enhance quality under India’s flagship health schemes.

Key Highlights:

The MoU was signed by Dr. Sunil Kumar Barnwal, CEO of NHA, and Dr. Rajiv Bahl, Secretary, DHR and Director General, ICMR, in the presence of senior officials including Ms. Jyoti Yadav (Joint Secretary, AB-PMJAY) and Dr. Pankaj Arora (Director, NHA).

Initially established in November 2019, the partnership successfully leveraged Health Technology Assessment (HTA) principles to support NHA in optimizing Health Benefit Packages (HBPs) under AB-PMJAY.

The renewed MoU reaffirms the commitment to evaluate the clinical efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and equity impact of medical technologies, procedures, and devices covered under the scheme.

The scope of collaboration has been expanded to include the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM). Under this, DHR and ICMR, through Health Technology Assessment India (HTAIn), will provide data-driven insights to evaluate digital health interventions such as electronic health records (EHRs), telemedicine platforms, and AI-based diagnostics to ensure their affordability, efficiency, and sustainability within the ABDM ecosystem.

Key focus areas include:

Costing of Healthcare Services: Using data from the National Costing Initiative to rationalize reimbursement rates under PM-JAY.

Standard Treatment Workflows (STWs): Implementing standardized workflows developed by DHR/ICMR expert committees to improve disease management and reduce unnecessary procedures.

Operational Research: Conducting targeted studies to address implementation challenges, enhance patient safety, and strengthen healthcare delivery.

The renewed partnership highlights the joint efforts of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, NHA, and ICMR to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC) by ensuring equitable access to safe, high-quality, and affordable healthcare for all.

18) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

The MoUs were signed during President Droupadi Murmu’s state visit to Angola — the first-ever visit by an Indian head of state — marking a milestone in India–Africa relations.

The visit emphasized diversification into agriculture, health, defence, technology, and infrastructure, beyond the traditional energy trade.

Angola also joined India-led global initiatives — the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) and the Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) — highlighting cooperation on climate and biodiversity.

Detailed Explanation:

In a landmark diplomatic development, India and Angola signed key Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) aimed at enhancing cooperation in fisheries, aquaculture, marine resources, and consular cooperation.

The MoUs were signed during President Droupadi Murmu’s state visit to Angola — the first-ever visit by an Indian head of state — marking a milestone in India–Africa relations.

Key Highlights:

Under the MoUs, both countries will collaborate to promote sustainable fisheries, marine resource management, technology transfer, and capacity-building initiatives.

The Consular Cooperation MoU focuses on improving visa services, citizen assistance, and bilateral trade facilitation.

The agreements signal a shift from an energy-centric partnership to a more diversified and sustainable relationship emphasizing economic resilience and environmental balance.

During her visit, President Murmu received a 21-gun salute and held extensive talks with Angolan President João Lourenço, reaffirming mutual commitment to trust, shared prosperity, and multilateral cooperation.

The visit emphasized diversification into agriculture, health, defence, technology, and infrastructure, beyond the traditional energy trade.

Angola also joined India-led global initiatives — the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) and the Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) — highlighting cooperation on climate and biodiversity.

Benefits for Angola:

Access to Indian expertise in marine and aquaculture sectors

Employment generation and food security through sustainable practices

Attraction of foreign investments and economic diversification

Benefits for India:

Expanded trade footprint in Africa

Export opportunities for marine technology and services

Strengthened strategic and diplomatic presence in Southern Africa

Joint Benefits: Improved consular services, increased people-to-people exchanges, and stronger cooperation on global sustainability platforms.

19) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

As per the Hurun Research Institute’s Global Billionaire Cities Report 2025, Mumbai and New Delhi have entered the world’s top 10 billionaire cities, highlighting India’s growing global economic influence.

New York City retained the top position with 119 billionaires, followed by London (97 billionaires).

Detailed Explanation:

As per the Hurun Research Institute’s Global Billionaire Cities Report 2025, Mumbai and New Delhi have entered the world’s top 10 billionaire cities, highlighting India’s growing global economic influence.

New York City retained the top position with 119 billionaires, followed by London (97 billionaires).

Mumbai ranked 3rd globally with 92 billionaires, surpassing Beijing (91) and Shanghai (87).

Growth sectors: Financial services, stock markets, real estate, and technology.

Mumbai continues to be a major hub for ultra-high-net-worth individuals.

New Delhi entered the top 10 list for the first time, ranking 9th with 57 billionaires.

Growth driven by entrepreneurs, industrialists, and family-run conglomerates.

Reflects the urban transformation and rise of private enterprise in India.

The rise of both cities underscores India’s expanding role in global wealth creation and entrepreneurship.

Global Top 10 Billionaire Cities 2025 (Hurun Report):

New York – 119 billionaires

London – 97 billionaires

Mumbai – 92 billionaires

Beijing – 91 billionaires

Shanghai – 87 billionaires

Shenzhen – 84 billionaires

Hong Kong – 65 billionaires

Moscow – 59 billionaires

New Delhi – 57 billionaires

San Francisco – 52 billionaires

20) Answer: A

Short Explanation:

India’s performance across global indexes in 2025 reflects both progress and challenges in key areas such as climate action, innovation, economy, governance, and human development.

Henley Passport Index 2025

International Air Transport Authority (IATA)

85th

Ranks countries by the number of destinations allowing visa-free entry.

Detailed Explanation:

India’s performance across global indexes in 2025 reflects both progress and challenges in key areas such as climate action, innovation, economy, governance, and human development.

Index Name	Published By	India’s Rank (2025)	Key Highlights / Parameters
Climate Change Performance Index 2025	Germanwatch, New Climate Institute & Climate Action Network International	10th	Tracks performance on GHG emissions, renewable energy, energy use, and climate policy across 63 countries and the EU.
QS World Future Skills Index 2025	Quacquarelli Symonds (QS)	25th	Measures preparedness for future work: Skills Fit, Academic Readiness, Economic Transformation, and Future of Work.
Henley Passport Index 2025	International Air Transport Authority (IATA)	85th	Ranks countries by the number of destinations allowing visa-free entry.
Global Firepower Index 2025	Global Firepower	4th	Compares conventional military strength across 145 countries.
Air Quality Life Index 2024	Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago (EPIC)	—	Measures impact of PM2.5 pollution on life expectancy; Delhi has average PM2.5 level of 84.3 µg/m³ (2022).
Global Terrorism Index 2024	Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP)	14th	Evaluates terrorism impact based on incidents, fatalities, injuries, and hostages.
Global Innovation Index 2024	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	39th / 133 economies	Measures innovation-driven social and economic transformation.
Global Hunger Index 2024	Concern Worldwide & Welt Hunger Hilfe	105th / 127	Based on undernourishment, child stunting, child wasting, and child mortality.
World Competitiveness Index 2024	International Institute for Management Development (IMD)	39th	Assesses countries’ ability to generate long-term economic value.

21) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The 2nd WHO Traditional Medicine Global Summit will be held from December 17–19, 2025, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, co-hosted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and India’s Ministry of AYUSH.

Detailed Explanation:

The 2nd WHO Traditional Medicine Global Summit will be held from December 17–19, 2025, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, co-hosted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and India’s Ministry of AYUSH.

The summit theme is “Restoring Balance: The Science and Practice of Health and Well-being.”

The event aims to advance the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Strategy 2025–2034 and promote global dialogue on traditional and integrative medicine.

It will encourage evidence-based research to strengthen the role of traditional medicine in national and global health systems.

The summit supports policy actions aligned with Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Core areas include balance within self, society, and environment, focusing on individual well-being, community health, and environmental sustainability.

The event will highlight science, innovation, and indigenous wisdom, bridging traditional knowledge with modern research and encouraging collaboration among experts and policymakers.

Focus will also be on evidence-based integrative medicine, aiming to enhance scientific credibility and global access to traditional healthcare.

The summit will be held in hybrid mode, with participation from around 7,000 delegates including experts, policymakers, and practitioners

22) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

QNu Labs Private. Limited., a Bengaluru-based quantum technology startup, supported under the National Quantum Mission (NQM), has successfully demonstrated India’s first large-scale Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network spanning over 500 km, marking a major leap in quantum-secure communication technology.

Detailed Explanation:

QNu Labs Private. Limited., a Bengaluru-based quantum technology startup, supported under the National Quantum Mission (NQM), has successfully demonstrated India’s first large-scale Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network spanning over 500 km, marking a major leap in quantum-secure communication technology.

The QKD network was deployed over existing optical fiber infrastructure and officially announced during the Emerging Science, Technology and Innovation Conclave (ESTIC) 2025, highlighting India’s growing leadership in emerging and secure digital technologies.

The project was funded through the I-Hub Quantum Technology Foundation at IISER Pune, under the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NMICPS) of the Department of Science and Technology (DST).

The Indian Army’s Southern Command played a key role by providing a test-bed optical fiber network and enabling selective access to fiber routes in the Rajasthan sector, with trusted nodes supporting end-to-end quantum key exchange across 500 km.

This achievement aligns with the vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to make India a global leader in quantum technologies and establishes the country as a key participant in the second quantum revolution.

The success of this demonstration represents a significant milestone in quantum-secure communications and supports the objectives of the National Quantum Mission through collaboration among technology, research, industry, and defence sectors (STRIDE approach).

Additionally, QNu Labs presented QSIP (Quantum Random Number Generator System in Package) at ESTIC 2025, which provides quantum-certified randomness for cryptographic algorithms, enhancing India’s cybersecurity and defense against future quantum attacks.

23) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

World Pneumonia Day 2025 was observed on 12th November to create awareness about Pneumonia, one of the world’s deadliest yet preventable and treatable infectious diseases.

Detailed Explanation:

World Pneumonia Day 2025 was observed on 12th November to create awareness about Pneumonia, one of the world’s deadliest yet preventable and treatable infectious diseases.

The day encourages public and private organizations to organize awareness campaigns, promote preventive measures, provide health facilities, and ensure universal access to vaccinations.

Pneumonia remains a major cause of mortality, particularly among children below 5 years of age and adults above 50 years.

World Pneumonia Day was first observed on 12th November 2009 under the “Stop Pneumonia” initiative led by the Global Coalition Against Child Pneumonia, which brings together various institutions to fight child mortality caused by respiratory infections.

The most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in children is Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The observance highlights the importance of awareness, prevention, and timely treatment to reduce global deaths from pneumonia.

24) Answer: D

About Albania :

Capital: Tiranë

Currency: Albanian Lek

25) Answer: B

About France:

Capital: Paris

Currency: Euro (EUR)