Dear Readers, Daily Current Affairs Questions Quiz for SBI, IBPS, RBI, RRB, SSC Exam 2025 of 10th October 2025. Daily GK quiz online for bank & competitive exam. Here we have given the Daily Current Affairs Quiz based on the previous days Daily Current Affairs updates. Candidates preparing for IBPS, SBI, RBI, RRB, SSC Exam 2025 & other competitive exams can make use of these Current Affairs Quiz.

 

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1) As per the news, the RBI’s retail sandbox allows fintech companies to test and deploy innovative products related to which initiative, initially launched on December 1, 2022?

(a) Unified Payments Interface (UPI)

(b) Digital Lending Platform

(c) e-Rupee retail pilot

(d) National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT)

(e) Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS)

2) What distinguishes the retail e-Rupee from the wholesale e-Rupee under RBI’s Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) framework?

(a) Retail e-Rupee is used for interbank settlements, while wholesale e-Rupee is for public transactions

(b) Retail e-Rupee is issued by commercial banks, while wholesale e-Rupee is issued by RBI

(c) Retail e-Rupee is meant for everyday public use, while wholesale e-Rupee supports large-scale financial and interbank transactions

(d) Retail e-Rupee has no legal value, while wholesale e-Rupee is equivalent to physical currency

(e) Retail e-Rupee involves cryptocurrency exchanges, while wholesale e-Rupee does not

3) Who is leading the RBI’s retail Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) sandbox initiative, and what key technological feature did he highlight as transformational for banking?

(a) Shaktikanta Das – Blockchain mining technology

(b) Nirmala Sitharaman – AI-driven credit scoring model

(c) T. Rabi Sankar – Cryptocurrency regulation framework

(d) Ajay Seth – Biometric authentication in digital payments

(e) Suvendu Pati – Token-based systems for interoperable and faster transactions

4) The World Trade Organization (WTO) recently revised the global merchandise trade growth forecast for 2026 to which of the following levels, citing US tariffs and a slowing global economy?

(a) 0.5%

(b) 1.2%

(c) 1.8%

(d) 2.5%

(e) 3.0%

5) Which visual cue indicates that a UPI transaction is made to a verified SEBI-registered intermediary?

(a) A thumbs-up inside a green triangle

(b) A blue checkmark inside a circle

(c) A red cross inside a square

(d) A star inside a yellow circle

(e) A lock icon inside a blue hexagon

6) Recently, the Larsen & Toubro (L&T) USD 700 million Sustainability-Linked Trade Facility (SLTF) complies with which global standard for sustainable financing?

(a) Basel III Guidelines

(b) Loan Market Association’s Sustainability-Linked Loan Principles

(c) International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)

(d) SEBI Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements

(e) Green Climate Fund Standards

7) Who is eligible to trade in the newly introduced daily expiry GIFT Nifty contracts at GIFT City?

(a) All Indian retail investors

(b) Only resident Indians

(c) Only foreign investors

(d) Any investor with an NSE trading account

(e) Only mutual funds

8) Recently Air India raised how much amount through a six-year loan from Bank of India and Standard Chartered Plc to refinance its existing debt?

(a) $150 million

(b) $180 million

(c) $200 million

(d) $215 million

(e) $250 million

9) In news, Ideabaaz, India’s first integrated marketplace connecting startups and investors, was launched at which financial institution, with its MD & CEO Ashishkumar Chauhan presiding?

(a) Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)

(b) National Stock Exchange (NSE)

(c) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

(d) Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)

(e) Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)

10) What is India’s short-term local-currency rating as per Moody’s latest update?

(a) P-1

(b) P-2

(c) P-3

(d) P-4

(e) P-5

11) When is Phase One of the Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA) expected to commence commercial operations?

(a) March 2026

(b) January 2026

(c) June 2026

(d) March 2026

(e) December 2025

12) Recently, India’s first commercial electric truck battery swapping and charging station was inaugurated by Union Minister Nitin Gadkari in which location?

(a) Gurugram, Haryana

(b) Panipat, Haryana

(c) Sonipat, Haryana

(d) Faridabad, Haryana

(e) Noida, Uttar Pradesh

13) By how much did India’s solar power generation increase in the first half of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024?

(a) 10 TWh

(b) 12 TWh

(c) 15 TWh

(d) 20 TWh

(e) 17 TWh

14) The International Solar Alliance (ISA), launched by India and France at COP21 in Paris, is recognized as the largest treaty-based intergovernmental organization from the Global South. How many Member and Signatory Countries does it comprise?

(a) 102

(b) 110

(c) 124

(d) 132

(e) 150

15) Which technologies are integrated into the NAKSHA Programme under the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP) for digital land records?

(a) Blockchain and AI-based finance systems

(b) Quantum computing and cloud gaming

(c) IoT-based smart grids and solar monitoring

(d) Geospatial mapping, GNSS, Web-GIS platforms, and aerial/drone surveys

(e) Traditional paper-based surveys only

16) Recently, Odisha government announced the creation of a digital library, Gyana Yagnya Mandap, to preserve rare records of the Jagannath Temple, Puri. On the site of which old library will the Gyana Yagnya Mandap be built?

(a) Saraswati Library

(b) Raghunandan Library

(c) Nalanda Library

(d) Emar Mutt Library

(e) Jagannath Heritage Library

17) Which of the following countries have formally recognized the State of Palestine recently?

(a) Britain, Canada, Australia, and Portugal

(b) USA, Germany, France, and Italy

(c) China, Japan, South Korea, and India

(d) Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, and Chile

(e) Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and Poland

18) Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature 2025?

(a) Olga Tokarczuk

(b) László Krasznahorkai

(c) Haruki Murakami

(d) Salman Rushdie

(e) Margaret Atwood

19) Who has been appointed as Executive Director of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) effective March 3, 2025?

(a) Shaktikanta Das

(b) Urjit Patel

(c) Raghuram Rajan

(d) Sanjay Kumar Hansda

(e) Viral Acharya

20) Who has been appointed as the brand ambassador of Viksit Bharat Buildathon 2025?

(a) Rakesh Sharma

(b) Kalpana Chawla

(c) Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla

(d) Sunita Williams

(e) Vikram Sarabhai

21) Where is Sir Creek, the site of recent tensions mentioned by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, located?

(a) Between Gujarat and Pakistan’s Sindh province

(b) Between Rajasthan and Pakistan’s Punjab province

(c) Between Maharashtra and Pakistan’s Balochistan province

(d) Between Kerala and Sri Lanka

(e) Between West Bengal and Bangladesh

22) In news, Google recently expanded access to its AI-powered app builder, Opal, to how many additional countries?

(a) 10

(b) 12

(c) 18

(d) 15

(e) 20

23) Which institute developed the SARAL (Simplified and Automated Research Amplification and Learning) tool under the guidance of Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF)?

(a) IIT Delhi

(b) IISc Bangalore

(c) IIIT Hyderabad

(d) AIIMS Delhi

(e) NIT Trichy

24) Which two organisations signed an MoU to strengthen research and training against narcotics and cyber-enabled drug crimes?

(a) Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) and All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)

(b) Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) and Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU)

(c) Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) and Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi)

(d) Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

(e) Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU) and Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)

25) Which advanced AI model is IBM integrating into its enterprise software ecosystem through a partnership with Anthropic?

(a) ChatGPT

(b) Bard

(c) Gemini

(d) Claude

(e) LLaMA

26) When is World Egg Day observed in 2025?

(a) 3rd October 2025

(b) 8th October 2025

(c) 17th October 2025

(d) 24th October 2025

(e) 10th October 2025

27) What is the theme of World Mental Health Day on the 10th of October 2025?

(a) Mental Health for All

(b) Access to Services – Mental Health in Catastrophes and Emergencies

(c) Mental Health Awareness in Schools

(d) Breaking the Stigma of Mental Illness

(e) Promoting Emotional Wellbeing

28) According to NABARD’s September 2025 survey, what percentage of rural households expect their income to increase in the next year?

(a) 70.2%

(b) 72.8%

(c) 74.7%

(d) 75.5%

(e) 78.0%

29) What is the theme of the Eighth Session of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly?

(a) Solar Energy for All

(b) Clean Energy for Sustainable Development

(c) Renewable Power, Renewable Future

(d) Global Solar Partnerships

(e) One Sun, One Vision, One Shared Commitment

30) Which Indian state ranks fifth in electric bus adoption, operating 450 e-buses?

(a) Odisha

(b) Karnataka

(c) Kerala

(d) Maharashtra

(e) Tamil Nadu

Answers :

1) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched a retail sandbox for its Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) on October 8, 2025, marking a major step in India’s digital financial ecosystem.

The retail sandbox provides a controlled environment for fintech companies to test and deploy innovative products related to the e-Rupee retail pilot, which was initially launched on December 1, 2022.

Detailed Explanation:

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched a retail sandbox for its Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) on October 8, 2025, marking a major step in India’s digital financial ecosystem.

The retail sandbox provides a controlled environment for fintech companies to test and deploy innovative products related to the e-Rupee retail pilot, which was initially launched on December 1, 2022.

This initiative aims to strengthen India’s position as a global leader in digital currency adoption while offering a regulated space for experimentation in digital payment solutions.

A sandbox allows for safe testing of new technologies without impacting the broader financial system, helping fintechs build tools that can integrate with the e-Rupee infrastructure, simulate retail transactions, and innovate in payment, settlement, and tokenisation processes.

2) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The retail e-Rupee is designed for general public use in everyday transactions, while the wholesale version supports interbank settlements and large-scale financial infrastructure.

The e-Rupee (CBDC) is a digital form of the Indian Rupee, issued and regulated by the RBI, and holds the same value as physical currency.

Detailed Explanation:

The retail CBDC sandbox is an extension of the ongoing e-Rupee pilot, which now has around 7 million users across India and is being run in collaboration with major banks.

The e-Rupee (CBDC) is a digital form of the Indian Rupee, issued and regulated by the RBI, and holds the same value as physical currency.

The retail e-Rupee is designed for general public use in everyday transactions, while the wholesale version supports interbank settlements and large-scale financial infrastructure.

3) Answer: E

The sandbox’s key features include fintech collaboration for building apps on the CBDC backend, tokenisation support for secure digital money representation, real-time testing of payment systems and wallets, and integration with the wholesale CBDC layer as the testing backbone.

This initiative is led by Suvendu Pati, Chief General Manager at RBI, who emphasized that token-based systems can revolutionize banking by enabling more interoperable, fluid, and faster transactions.

4) Answer: A

Short Explanation:

The World Trade Organization (WTO) has cut the 2026 merchandise trade growth forecast to 0.5%, down from 1.8%, due to US tariffs and a slowing global economy.

Detailed Explanation:

The World Trade Organization (WTO) has cut the 2026 merchandise trade growth forecast to 0.5%, down from 1.8%, due to US tariffs and a slowing global economy.

For 2025, the trade growth forecast has been upgraded to 2.4% from 0.9%, driven by US import front-loading, AI-related goods trade, and strong emerging market performance.

US import front-loading of semiconductors, machinery, and electric vehicles ahead of new tariffs temporarily boosted global trade volumes.

Supportive macroeconomic conditions, such as disinflation, fiscal stimulus, and strong demand in India, Brazil, and Vietnam, strengthened the 2025 outlook.

5) Answer: A

Short Explanation:

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) introduced “Validated UPI Handles” for securities market transactions to help investors verify legitimate accounts of registered intermediaries using the “@valid” handle with category-specific suffixes like .brk for brokers and .mf for mutual funds.

A distinctive “thumbs-up inside a green triangle” icon and a special QR code will appear for verified transactions, ensuring protection from unauthorized payments.

Detailed Explanation:

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) introduced “Validated UPI Handles” for securities market transactions to help investors verify legitimate accounts of registered intermediaries using the “@valid” handle with category-specific suffixes like .brk for brokers and .mf for mutual funds.

A distinctive “thumbs-up inside a green triangle” icon and a special QR code will appear for verified transactions, ensuring protection from unauthorized payments.

SEBI launched the “SEBI Check” tool, allowing investors to verify authenticity of bank account details or UPI IDs of SEBI-registered intermediaries before making payments.

6) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

Larsen & Toubro (L&T) has secured a USD 700 million Sustainability-Linked Trade Facility (SLTF) from Standard Chartered Bank, marking a significant step in sustainable financing.

The facility complies with the Loan Market Association’s Sustainability-Linked Loan Principles, ensuring global market standard alignment.

Detailed Explanation:

Larsen & Toubro (L&T) has secured a USD 700 million Sustainability-Linked Trade Facility (SLTF) from Standard Chartered Bank, marking a significant step in sustainable financing.

The SLTF is linked to key performance indicators (KPIs) such as greenhouse gas emissions intensity and freshwater withdrawal, aligning with L&T’s environmental sustainability goals.

The facility complies with the Loan Market Association’s Sustainability-Linked Loan Principles, ensuring global market standard alignment.

Earlier in June 2025, L&T issued India’s first listed sustainability-linked bond worth USD 60 million under SEBI’s ESG Bond Framework.

L&T, a USD 30 billion multinational, operates across EPC projects, hi-tech manufacturing, and services in multiple geographies, reinforcing its commitment to ESG-linked growth.

7) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

National Stock Exchange (NSE) announced the introduction of daily expiry GIFT Nifty contracts for foreign investors starting October 13, 2025, through its subsidiary NSE International Exchange (NSE IX) at GIFT City, Gujarat.

Detailed Explanation:

National Stock Exchange (NSE) announced the introduction of daily expiry GIFT Nifty contracts for foreign investors starting October 13, 2025, through its subsidiary NSE International Exchange (NSE IX) at GIFT City, Gujarat.

GIFT Nifty, a dollar-denominated derivative of the Nifty 50 index, had already surpassed a $100 billion monthly turnover in August 2025.

The new framework offered five weekly expiries (Monday to Friday), aligning with global exchanges like the Chicago Board Options Exchange, and provided greater trading flexibility.These contracts were exclusively for foreign investors, as resident Indians are not permitted to trade in them

8) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

Air India raised $215 million through a six-year loan from Bank of India and Standard Chartered Plc to refinance existing debt.

This was the first time Bank of India acted as a Mandated Lead Manager in a loan transaction from GIFT City.

Detailed Explanation:

Air India raised $215 million through a six-year loan from Bank of India and Standard Chartered Plc to refinance existing debt.

The loan was routed via GIFT City and priced at around 168 basis points over the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR).

Funds were utilized to refinance short-term debt used for the purchase of six Boeing 777-300ER aircraft.

This was the first time Bank of India acted as a Mandated Lead Manager in a loan transaction from GIFT City.

9) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

Ideabaaz, India’s first integrated marketplace connecting startups and investors, was launched at the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in Mumbai, with NSE MD & CEO Ashishkumar Chauhan presiding.

Detailed Explanation:

Ideabaaz, India’s first integrated marketplace connecting startups and investors, was launched at the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in Mumbai, with NSE MD & CEO Ashishkumar Chauhan presiding.

The platform aims to democratize access to capital and mentorship, particularly for startups in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities, providing investor access, legal and accounting support, mentorship, and quarterly tracking.

The launch was supported by an entrepreneurial reality show on Zee TV and Zee5, hosted by Pratik Gandhi and dubbed in multiple regional languages.

10) Answer: C

Moody’s Ratings has affirmed India’s long-term local- and foreign-currency issuer ratings and the local-currency senior unsecured rating at Baa3 with a Stable Outlook.

India’s short-term local-currency rating was retained at P-3, while the long-term LC bond ceiling (A2) and FC bond ceiling (A3) remain unchanged.

11) Answer: E

Short Explanation:

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Phase One of the Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA), a ₹19,650 crore project, expected to commence commercial operations by December 2025.

India’s aviation sector has grown rapidly, from 74 airports in 2014 to over 160 airports today, with the UDAN Yojana making air travel more affordable and accessible, positioning India as the 3rd-largest domestic aviation market globally.

Detailed Explanation:

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Phase One of the Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA), a ₹19,650 crore project, expected to commence commercial operations by December 2025.

NMIA will make Mumbai one of the few global cities with more than one international airport, alongside New York, London, and Tokyo.

The lotus-shaped airport terminal reflects Indian heritage, with design elements prioritizing eco-sustainability and accessibility.

The airport is strategically significant for reducing congestion at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, enhancing air cargo efficiency, supporting farmer and fisher exports, generating employment, boosting trade and tourism, and aiding India’s goal to become a global Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) hub by 2030.

India’s aviation sector has grown rapidly, from 74 airports in 2014 to over 160 airports today, with the UDAN Yojana making air travel more affordable and accessible, positioning India as the 3rd-largest domestic aviation market globally.

12) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways, Nitin Gadkari, inaugurated India’s first commercial electric truck battery swapping and charging station in Sonipat, Haryana at the Delhi International Cargo Terminal Private Limited (DICT), Panchi Gujran village, near Ganaur on GT  Road.

The facility aims to promote green transportation and reduce carbon emissions in the logistics and transport sector.

Detailed Explanation:

Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways, Nitin Gadkari, inaugurated India’s first commercial electric truck battery swapping and charging station in Sonipat, Haryana at the Delhi International Cargo Terminal Private Limited (DICT), Panchi Gujran village, near Ganaur on GT  Road.

The facility aims to promote green transportation and reduce carbon emissions in the logistics and transport sector.

The government highlighted its efforts to advance the electric vehicle (EV) ecosystem and promote alternative fuels such as ethanol, bio-bitumen, and biofuels, aiming to achieve fuel self-reliance and reduce diesel dependency.

EV battery costs have fallen by 50–60%, making electric vehicles more affordable and sustainable.

The Sonipat station enables quick battery swapping and charging, reducing vehicle downtime and operational costs for transporters compared to diesel and rail transport.

13) Answer: E

Short Explanation:

In the first half of 2025, India generated record levels of solar and wind power, marking a major milestone in the country’s energy transition.

Solar Power: Output increased by 17 terawatt-hours (TWh), a 25% rise compared to the first half of 2024, raising solar’s share in total electricity generation to 9.2% from 7.4%.

Detailed Explanation:

In the first half of 2025, India generated record levels of solar and wind power, marking a major milestone in the country’s energy transition.

Solar Power: Output increased by 17 terawatt-hours (TWh), a 25% rise compared to the first half of 2024, raising solar’s share in total electricity generation to 9.2% from 7.4%.

Wind Power: Generation rose by 11 TWh, a 29% growth year-on-year, increasing wind’s share in the power mix to 5.1% from 4%.

Emissions Reduction: Clean energy gains helped cut approximately 24 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the power sector; coal-based power generation declined significantly.

14) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

ISA, launched by India and France at COP21, Paris, is the largest treaty-based intergovernmental organisation from the Global South, comprising 124 Member and Signatory Countries.

PM-KUSUM Scheme supports installation of 10 GW small solar plants, 1.4 million off-grid solar pumps, and 3.5 million grid-connected agricultural pumps, extending clean energy to rural India.

The Assembly will set priorities ahead of COP30 in Brazil, focusing on scaling solar energy, catalytic finance, technology roadmaps, policy frameworks, and skill development to accelerate a just and inclusive energy transition.

Detailed Explanation:

ISA, launched by India and France at COP21, Paris, is the largest treaty-based intergovernmental organisation from the Global South, comprising 124 Member and Signatory Countries.

The Assembly will set priorities ahead of COP30 in Brazil, focusing on scaling solar energy, catalytic finance, technology roadmaps, policy frameworks, and skill development to accelerate a just and inclusive energy transition.

India’s Achievements in Renewable Energy:

Achieved 50% of installed electricity capacity from non-fossil resources, five years ahead of schedule.

Installed ~125 GW of solar capacity, becoming the world’s third largest solar producer.

Under PM Surya Ghar - Muft Bijli Yojana, over 20 lakh households benefit from solar power.

PM-KUSUM Scheme supports installation of 10 GW small solar plants, 1.4 million off-grid solar pumps, and 3.5 million grid-connected agricultural pumps, extending clean energy to rural India.

15) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

India launched the NAKSHA Programme under the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP) to transform urban land administration, making it transparent, efficient, and citizen-friendly.

The programme integrates geospatial mapping, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Web-GIS platforms, and aerial/drone surveys to create a comprehensive digital land database.

Detailed Explanation:

India launched the NAKSHA Programme under the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP) to transform urban land administration, making it transparent, efficient, and citizen-friendly.

A two-day National Training-cum-Workshop was conducted at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA) for District Magistrates and Collectors from various states to prepare for nationwide implementation.

The programme integrates geospatial mapping, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Web-GIS platforms, and aerial/drone surveys to create a comprehensive digital land database.

Main objective: Achieve “One Nation, One Land Record”, ensuring accurate mapping, clear ownership authentication, and ease of public access.

16) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

The Odisha government announced the creation of a digital library, Gyana Yagnya Mandap, to preserve rare records of the Jagannath Temple, Puri.

The library will be built on the site of the old Raghunandan Library, originally part of the Emar Mutt, near the temple premises.

Detailed Explanation:

The Odisha government announced the creation of a digital library, Gyana Yagnya Mandap, to preserve rare records of the Jagannath Temple, Puri.

The library will be built on the site of the old Raghunandan Library, originally part of the Emar Mutt, near the temple premises.

The Raghunandan Library, set up in the early 20th century, housed hundreds of palm-leaf manuscripts and religious texts in Odia, Sanskrit, and Bengali.

The demolition of the old library was part of the Jagannath Heritage Corridor redevelopment project, aimed at improving temple accessibility and pilgrim facilities.

17) Answer: A

Short Explanation:

Britain, Canada, Australia, and Portugal have formally recognized the State of Palestine, expressing frustration over the Gaza war and reaffirming support for a two-state solution.

Detailed Explanation:

Britain, Canada, Australia, and Portugal have formally recognized the State of Palestine, expressing frustration over the Gaza war and reaffirming support for a two-state solution.

The recognition brings these nations in line with over 140 countries that already support Palestinian statehood.

UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer emphasized the need to revive hope for peace, condemning the humanitarian crisis in Gaza and Israeli bombardment.

18) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2025 has been awarded to László  Krasznahorkai, a renowned Hungarian novelist and screenwriter, recognized for his dense, poetic, and apocalyptic prose.

Detailed Explanation:

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2025 has been awarded to László  Krasznahorkai, a renowned Hungarian novelist and screenwriter, recognized for his dense, poetic, and apocalyptic prose.

The Swedish Academy honored him for his “compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.”

Krasznahorkai’s writing is known for long, meditative sentences, apocalyptic imagery, and deep philosophical reflections, exploring themes of isolation, moral collapse, human suffering, and redemption through art.

19) Answer: D

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has appointed Shri Sanjay Kumar Hansda as Executive Director (ED) with effect from March 03, 2025.

Shri Hansda rejoined the RBI on October 06, 2025, after completing his deputation as Senior Advisor to the Executive Director (India) at the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

20) Answer: C

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, the first Indian to reach the International Space Station (ISS), has been appointed brand ambassador of Viksit Bharat Buildathon 2025, India’s largest-ever school hackathon.

The Viksit Bharat Buildathon 2025 is organised by the Ministry of Education in partnership with the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and NITI Aayog.

21) Answer: A

Short Explanation:

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh issued a strong warning to Pakistan over possible aggression in the Sir Creek region, stating that any provocation would be met with a “resounding response” capable of changing “history and geography.”

Sir Creek is a 96-km-long water strip located in the marshlands of the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat.

The creek forms the boundary between India’s Kutch region and Pakistan’s Sindh province, eventually opening into the Arabian Sea.

Detailed Explanation:

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh issued a strong warning to Pakistan over possible aggression in the Sir Creek region, stating that any provocation would be met with a “resounding response” capable of changing “history and geography.”

Sir Creek is a 96-km-long water strip located in the marshlands of the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat.

The creek forms the boundary between India’s Kutch region and Pakistan’s Sindh province, eventually opening into the Arabian Sea.

Historically, Sir Creek was known as Ban Ganga and was renamed “Sir Creek” during the British colonial period, after a British official.

22) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

Google has expanded access to its AI-powered app builder, Opal, to 15 additional countries, marking a major step in democratizing app development globally.

Google has enhanced Opal’s debugging features, introducing a step-by-step workflow testing system that shows errors directly where they occur, helping users fix them easily while keeping the platform no-code.

Detailed Explanation:

Google has expanded access to its AI-powered app builder, Opal, to 15 additional countries, marking a major step in democratizing app development globally.

The expansion covers 15 new markets, including India, Japan, Brazil, South Korea, Canada, Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore, Colombia, Argentina, and others, reflecting strong early feedback from users who built sophisticated and practical applications during the U.S. rollout.

Opal, developed by Google Labs, is an experimental no-code app builder that allows users to create mini web applications using plain text prompts, eliminating the need for programming skills.

Google has enhanced Opal’s debugging features, introducing a step-by-step workflow testing system that shows errors directly where they occur, helping users fix them easily while keeping the platform no-code.

With this initiative, Google joins competitors such as Canva, Figma, and Replit, which are also focusing on no-code tools that enable nontechnical users to design and prototype apps efficiently.

23) Answer: C

Short Explanation:

The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) has launched an AI-based tool called SARAL (Simplified and Automated Research Amplification and Learning) to make scientific research more accessible and understandable.

The tool was developed by IIIT Hyderabad under the guidance of ANRF, with the goal of simplifying research communication for the general public.

Detailed Explanation:

The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) has launched an AI-based tool called SARAL (Simplified and Automated Research Amplification and Learning) to make scientific research more accessible and understandable.

SARAL uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) to generate simplified summaries of complex research papers in formats such as videos, podcasts, posters, and presentations, enabling wider outreach.

The tool was developed by IIIT Hyderabad under the guidance of ANRF, with the goal of simplifying research communication for the general public.

The platform supports 11 Indian languages, promoting inclusivity and accessibility in science communication.

24) Answer: B

Short Explanation:

The Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) and Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in New Delhi to strengthen research, training, and capacity building against narcotics and cyber-enabled drug crimes.

Detailed Explanation:

The Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) and Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in New Delhi to strengthen research, training, and capacity building against narcotics and cyber-enabled drug crimes.

Signatories: Anurag Garg, Director General of NCB, and Professor Bimal  N. Patel, Vice Chancellor of RRU.

The collaboration focuses on research and innovation, training and skill development, technology-based solutions for tracing drug-related crimes, and capacity building for cybercrime prevention.

Key initiatives include studying Darknet narcotics markets, cryptocurrency tracing, enhancing cyber threat intelligence, and developing digital investigation tools for forensic analysis.

25) Answer: D

Short Explanation:

IBM and Anthropic announced a strategic partnership to integrate Claude, Anthropic’s advanced large language model (LLM), into IBM’s enterprise software ecosystem.

Detailed Explanation:

IBM and Anthropic announced a strategic partnership to integrate Claude, Anthropic’s advanced large language model (LLM), into IBM’s enterprise software ecosystem.

The collaboration aims to develop secure, governed, and high- performance AI tools for enterprise use, moving from experimentation to practical deployment.

Claude AI Integration: Embedded into a new AI-first Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for enterprise software lifecycles; currently in private preview with 6,000 IBM developers, reporting ~45% productivity gains.

26) Answer: E

World Egg Day is observed annually on the second Friday in October. This year, World Egg Day is on the 10th of October 2025.

The 2025 World Egg Day theme is "The Mighty Egg: Packed with Natural Nutrition".

27) Answer: B

World Mental Health Day falls on the 10th of October. 

The World Mental Health Day 2025 theme is "Access to Services – Mental Health in Catastrophes and Emergencies"

28) Answer: B

According to a bi-monthly survey by NABARD (September 2025), 72.8% of rural households expect their income to increase in the next year — slightly lower than 74.7% in July 2025 but higher than 70.2% a year ago.

29) Answer: E

The Eighth Session of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly will be held from 27 to 30 October 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi,  bringing global leaders together under the theme One Sun, One Vision, One Shared Commitment.

ISA, launched by India and France at COP21, Paris, is the largest treaty-based intergovernmental organisation from the Global South, comprising 124 Member and Signatory Countries.

30) Answer: A

Odisha is emerging as a green mobility leader, ranking fifth in India in terms of electric bus adoption. With 450 e-buses currently in operation, the state plans to more than double its fleet in the coming years as part of its clean transport initiative.