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 CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

India Attracts USD 81.04 Billion Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Fiscal Year 2024–25

• The Government of India has implemented an investor-friendly FDI policy, allowing 100% FDI in most sectors through the automatic route.
• The FDI policy is regularly reviewed to keep India an attractive and competitive investment destination.

Key Highlights :

• FDI inflows have steadily increased from USD 36.05 billion in FY 2013–14 to USD 81.04 billion (provisional) in FY 2024–25, a 14% rise from USD 71.28 billion in FY 2023–24.
• The services sector was the largest recipient of FDI equity in FY 2024–25, accounting for 19% of total inflows, with an increase of 40.77% to USD 9.35 billion.
• Other major sectors attracting FDI include:
• Computer software and hardware (16%)
• Trading (8%)
• Manufacturing FDI grew by 18% to USD 19.04 billion in FY 2024–25.
• State-wise FDI equity inflows:
• Maharashtra received the highest share (39%)
• Followed by Karnataka (13%) and Delhi (12%).
• Top source countries for FDI:
• Singapore (30%)
• Mauritius (17%)
• United States (11%)
• Over the last 11 financial years (2014–25), India attracted USD 748.78 billion in FDI, a 143% increase compared to the previous 11 years (2003–14), which saw USD 308.38 billion.
• This USD 748.78 billion accounts for nearly 70% of the total FDI received in the last 25 years (USD 1,072.36 billion).
• The number of source countries for FDI increased from 89 in FY 2013–14 to 112 in FY 2024–25, indicating growing global investor confidence.
• Regulatory reforms between 2014 and 2019 included:
• Increased FDI caps in Defence, Insurance, and Pension sectors.
• Liberalized norms for Construction, Civil Aviation, and Single Brand Retail Trading.
• From 2019 to 2024, reforms allowed 100% FDI under automatic route in:
• Coal mining
• Contract manufacturing
• Insurance intermediaries
• The Union Budget 2025 proposed increasing the FDI limit from 74% to 100% for companies investing their entire premium in India.
• These developments reinforce India’s status as a preferred global investment hub, backed by a proactive policy framework, a dynamic business environment, and increasing international confidence in India’s economic resilience.

About Ministry of Commerce & Industry :

• Cabinet Minister : Piyush Goyal
• Minister of State : Jitin Prasada

India's Coal Imports Decline by 7.9% in FY 2024–25 Compared to Previous Fiscal Year 

• Coal imports in India during FY 2024-25 fell by 7.9%, totaling 243.62 million tonnes (MT) compared to 264.53 MT in FY 2023-24.
• This reduction saved approximately $7.93 billion (₹60,681.67 crore) in foreign exchange.
• The Non-Regulated Sector (excluding power) saw a sharper decline in coal imports by 8.95% year-on-year.

Key Highlights :

• Despite coal-based power generation increasing by 3.04%, imports for blending by thermal power plants dropped significantly by 41.4%.
• These trends reflect India’s efforts to reduce dependence on imported coal and boost self-sufficiency in domestic coal production.
• The Government’s initiatives like Commercial Coal Mining and Mission Coking Coal aim to enhance domestic coal output.
• Coal production grew by 5% in FY 2024-25 compared to the previous year.
• Coal remains a primary energy source for critical sectors such as power, steel, and cement.
• India faces challenges meeting demand for coking coal and high-grade thermal coal due to limited domestic reserves.
• Coal imports remain crucial for sectors like steel, which rely on imported coking coal.
• The Ministry of Coal is implementing strategic measures to strengthen domestic production and secure coal supply.
• These efforts align with India’s vision for a self-reliant (Atmanirbhar) and sustainable energy framework under the Viksit Bharat goal.

About Ministry of Coal :

• Cabinet Minister : G. Kishan Reddy
• Minister of State : Satish Chandra Dubey

Kotak811 Launches Campaign Featuring Ranveer Singh to Celebrate India’s Digital-First Banking Generation

• Kotak Mahindra Bank launched a new campaign for Kotak811, its flagship digital banking platform.
• Kotak811 is positioned as a full-service mobile bank tailored for India’s digital-first generation.
• The campaign features Ranveer Singh, highlighting a bold repositioning of Kotak811 as a seamless, intuitive, and frictionless banking solution.
• India has over one billion mobile connections and a tech-savvy population, leading to a rapid shift in the banking landscape.
• Consumers demand speed, simplicity, security, and a full-featured experience from banking apps.
• Kotak811 offers features such as:
• Instant onboarding in under five minutes,
• Seamless UPI payments,
• Smart investment tools,
• Cashback rewards.
• The platform is backed by the trust and credibility of Kotak Mahindra Bank.
• The campaign aims to capture the growing market of digital banking users in India.

Securities and Exchange Board of India Grants Approval to JioBlackRock Asset Management to Launch Mutual Fund Operations

• Jio BlackRock Asset Management Private Ltd, 50:50 joint venture between Jio Financial Services Ltd (JFSL) and BlackRock has received regulatory approval from the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to start operations as an investment manager for its mutual fund business in India.
• JioBlackRock aims to offer an innovative investment proposition to Indian retail mutual fund investors and institutional investors.
• The company plans to launch a range of investment products utilizing BlackRock’s expertise in data-driven investing.
• Sid Swaminathan has been appointed as the Managing Director (MD) & Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of JioBlackRock Asset Management.
• This move marks an important step in expanding India's mutual fund industry and increasing retail and institutional investor participation.

National Payments Corporation of India Mandates UPI Apps to Display Only Verified Account Holder Names from June 30, 2025

• The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has mandated that all UPI applications must display only the recipient’s name as registered with their bank starting from 30 June, 2025.
• Custom or user-defined names will no longer be shown in UPI payment interfaces; only the verified bank account holder name will appear to the sender.
• This rule applies to all UPI platforms in India, including popular apps like PhonePe, Google Pay, Paytm, and BHIM.
• App developers must update their systems to comply with the new NPCI directive.
• The move aims to reduce fraud in digital transactions caused by scammers using misleading recipient names to deceive users.
• By showing only bank-verified names, NPCI seeks to minimise the risk of payments to fraudulent or unintended recipients.
• Fraudsters previously exploited the option to use fake display names, tricking users into sending money to the wrong person.

Government extends income tax return filing deadline from July 31 to September 15, 2025 

• The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has extended the income tax return (ITR) filing deadline for Assessment Year (AY) 2025-26 (Financial Year 2024-25) from July 31, 2025 to September 15, 2025.
• The extension is due to extensive structural and content changes in the notified ITR forms, aimed at simplifying compliance, enhancing transparency, and enabling accurate reporting.
• The changes required additional time for system development, integration, and testing of the ITR filing utilities.
• The extension addresses concerns raised by tax professionals and stakeholders about delays in software utility availability.
• TDS statement credits, due by May 31, 2025, are expected to reflect only by early June, limiting the filing window without the extension.
• The move ensures a smooth and convenient filing experience, maintaining the integrity and accuracy of the return filing process.
• The extension reflects the government’s commitment to facilitating taxpayer compliance amid significant procedural changes.

About CBDT :

• Formed : 1 January 1964
• Headquarters : New Delhi, India
• Chairperson : Ravi Agarwal
• The CBDT is a statutory body under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
• It was constituted in 1964 under the Central Board of Revenue Act, 1963.

Government Plans to Promote Four Miniratna PSUs to Navratna Category                                            

• The Ministry of Finance plans to upgrade the status of four Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) from Miniratna to Navratna in the coming months.
• The companies under consideration are:

1. Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL)
2. Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL)
3. Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited (GRSE)
4. MOIL Limited

About the Navratna Scheme :

• Introduced in 1997 to identify CPSEs with comparative advantages.
• Aims to help these companies become global giants.
• Provides autonomy and enhanced powers to Navratna CPSEs' boards in areas such as:
• Capital expenditure
• Investment in joint ventures/subsidiaries
• Mergers & acquisitions
• Human resource management

Details of the Four CPSEs

• MOIL Ltd
  • State-owned mining company headquartered in Nagpur, Maharashtra.
  • Established in 1962.
  • Largest producer of manganese ore in India.
  • Primarily serves the domestic steel industry.
• Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd (GRSE)
  • Established in 1884, taken over by the Government of India in 1960.
  • Premier shipbuilding company based in Kolkata.
  • Launched its IPO in September 2018.
• Cochin Shipyard Ltd (CSL)
  
  • Founded in 1972, headquartered in Kochi, Kerala.
  • One of India’s leading shipbuilding and maintenance
• Goa Shipyard Ltd (GSL)
  • Incorporated in 1967.
  • Operates under the Ministry of Defence.
  • Prominent defence public sector undertaking located in Goa.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL NEWS

India Launches Development of E-Hansa Next-Generation Electric Trainer Aircraft

• India has initiated the development of E-Hansa, a two-seater electric trainer aircraft designed and built by CSIR-NAL, Bengaluru, marking a significant advance in green aviation and indigenous aerospace innovation.
• Announced by Dr. Jitendra Singh, this aircraft will cost around ₹2 crore—50% cheaper than imported trainers—and supports India’s goals of carbon reduction and self-reliance.

Key Highlights

• Developer & Program
  • Designed by CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories (CSIR-NAL) under the HANSA-3 (NG) trainer program.
• Aircraft Specifications
  • Type: Two-seater electric trainer
  • Cost: Approximately ₹2 crore, half the price of imported equivalents
  • Purpose: Provide an affordable, eco-friendly flight-training platform
• Strategic Significance
  • Reduces import dependence in pilot training
  • Advances green aviation objectives through zero-emission operations
  • Promotes indigenous aerospace technology and cost-effective manufacturing
• Technology Commercialization & Partnerships
  • NRDC tasked with adopting BIRAC and IN-SPACe models for tech transfer
  • Emphasis on hub-and-spoke PPP frameworks and AI-driven IP exchange platforms
  • Creation of regional NTTOs to enhance technology access and innovation outreach
• Context within India’s Science Ecosystem
  • Announced alongside highlights of ISRO’s SPADEX mission and Axiom Space collaboration
  • Part of a Whole-of-Government approach featuring region-wise Chintan Shivirs to integrate DST, DBT, CSIR, ISRO, MoES, and Atomic Energy Departments
• Global Collaboration & Talent Mobility
  • Proposal for a Global Science Talent Bridge to attract leading international researchers
  • Interest from Switzerland, Italy, and other nations in India-style science centers
  • Plans to open CSIR labs to students (pending security considerations)

Panchayat Advancement Index 2.0 Launched to Strengthen Data-Driven Rural Governance

• The Ministry of Panchayati Raj officially rolled out the Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) 2.0 for FY 2023–24 during a National Writeshop held on 26–27 May 2025 at the Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi.
• This upgraded framework empowers Gram Panchayats with streamlined indicators, enhanced data integration, and decision-support tools aligned to Localized Sustainable Development Goals (LSDGs).

Key Highlights:

• Transition from PAI 1.0 to 2.0:
  • Indicators reduced from 516 to 147, focusing on data quality and minimizing reporting burden.
  • Auto-integration of data from national portals of Union Ministries to ensure real-time accuracy.
• User-Friendly Platform:
  • Mobile-compatible portal with enhanced dashboards, built-in validation and anomaly detection.
  • Decision Support System (DSS) enables Panchayats to identify development gaps and plan targeted interventions.
• Thematic Alignment: PAI 2.0 measures Panchayat performance across nine LSDG-aligned themes—Poverty Alleviation, Health, Education, Water Sufficiency, Clean Environment, Infrastructure, Governance, Social Justice, and Women’s Empowerment.
• National Writeshop Overview:
  • Inaugurated by: Shri Vivek Bharadwaj (Secretary, MoPR), Shri Saurabh Garg (Secretary, MoSPI), Shri Sushil Kumar Lohani (Addl. Secretary, MoPR), and Shri Rajib Kumar Sen (NITI Aayog).
  • Participants: Delegations from 32 States/UTs, central and state department officials, and partners such as UNICEF, UNFPA, and the Piramal Foundation.
• Hands-On Technical Sessions:
  • Review of the PAI 1.0 baseline report and PAI 2.0 methodology.
  • Demonstrations on portal configuration, data validation, and planning using PAI outputs.
  • State/UT experience-sharing to inform rollout strategies.
• Linguistic Inclusivity: The writeshop proceedings were livestreamed in 11 Indian languages, ensuring broad accessibility and stakeholder engagement.

Union Minister Shri Jyotiraditya M. Scindia Unveils the Theme for 9th Edition of India Mobile Congress 2025: ‘Innovate to Transform’

• Shri Jyotiraditya M. Scindia, Minister for Communications and Development of North East Region, announced “Innovate to Transform” as the theme for the 9th India Mobile Congress (IMC 2025), scheduled from 8 –11 October 2025 at Yashobhoomi Convention Centre, New Delhi.
• The theme underscores the pivotal role of innovation in driving transformative change across telecommunications, digital infrastructure, and sustainability, inviting industry leaders, startups, and technologists to co-create solutions for India’s next phase of inclusive digital growth.

Key Highlights:

• Event Scale: Expected 150,000+ visitors from 150+ countries, 400+ exhibitors, and 7,000+ global delegates.
• Conference & Speakers: Over 100 sessions featuring 800+ speakers across emerging tech topics—5G, 6G, AI, IoT, electronics manufacturing, and green tech.
• Startup Engagement (ASPIRE): Showcasing 500+ startups connected with 300+ investors, incubators, accelerators, and VCs for mentorship, live pitches, and networking.
• Use-Case Showcase: Presentation of 1,000+ cutting-edge use-cases, demonstrating practical applications in diverse sectors.
• Industry Recognition: Presentation of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Telecom Excellence Awards 2024 to five awardees across Innovations, Skilling, Services, Manufacturing, and Applications.
• Sanchar Mitra Scheme Relaunch: Revamped as a national, incentive-driven movement engaging student volunteers to promote telecom awareness, cybersecurity, and digital empowerment under the four Ds—Democracy, Demography, Digitization, and Delivery.
• DSS Capabilities: Emphasis on Designing, Solving, and Scaling from India, reflecting growing self-reliance in technology and innovation.
• Organisers: Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI), supporting the Viksit Bharat by 2047 vision through technology leadership.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: STATE NEWS

Gujarat Achieves 100% Railway Electrification, Becomes 24th State/UT to Join India’s Green Transport Mission

• Gujarat has reached a significant milestone by becoming the 24th State/Union Territory in India to achieve 100% electrification of its railway network.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced this achievement during the inauguration of the Dahod Electric Locomotive Factory, marking a major step towards sustainable and energy-efficient rail transport.
• Gujarat joined 23 other States/UTs with fully electrified rail routes.
• Announcement made during the launch of the Dahod Electric Locomotive Factory, which will manufacture India’s first 9000 HP electric freight locomotives in collaboration with Siemens.
• This milestone supports India’s goal of net-zero carbon emissions in railways by 2030 and net-zero emissions nationally by 2070.

Background & Development

• India’s first electric train operated between Mumbai and Thane in 1925.
• The Central Organisation for Railway Electrification (CORE), headquartered in Prayagraj, was set up to accelerate electrification.
• Electrification efforts accelerated significantly after 2014.

Electrification Milestones

• 1948–2014: 21,801 km of routes electrified.
• 2014–Feb 2025: Additional 45,922 km electrified.
• 2020–2025: Over 6,000 km electrified annually.
• 2024–25: 2,701 km electrified (against a target of 2,885 km).
• India ranks second globally in railway route electrification, after Switzerland (India: 98.83%, Switzerland: 99%).

Electrification Status of States/UTs (As of February 2025)

• Fully Electrified (24 States/UTs): Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Puducherry, Punjab, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Tripura, West Bengal.
• Others:
  • Rajasthan – 98%
  • Karnataka – 96%
  • Tamil Nadu – 96%
  • Goa – 88%
  • Assam – 79%

CURRENT AFFAIRS : ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS

Competition Commission of India Clears Merger of Ring Plus Aqua and Maini Precision with JK Maini Precision Technologies Limited; Approves Demerger of Aerospace Unit into JK Maini Global Aerospace Limited

• The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved a combination involving:
• Merger of Ring Plus Aqua Limited (RPAL) and Maini Precision Products Limited (MPPL) into JK Maini Precision Technologies Limited (JKMPTL).
• Demerger of the aerospace business of JKMPTL into JK Maini Global Aerospace Limited (JKMGAL).
• The combination involves the merger of RPAL and MPPL into JKMPTL and the demerger of JKMPTL’s aerospace business into JKMGAL.
• An earlier notice (Combination Registration No. C-2023/12/1089) was filed and approved by the CCI on 6th March 2024.
• There has been a change in the transaction structure after the earlier approval by the CCI.
• RPAL is engaged in manufacturing and exporting ring gears, flex plates, and water pump bearings.
• MPPL manufactures precision products for various industries, based on customer design requirements.
• Both JKMPTL and JKMGAL currently have no operations.

About CCI:

• The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is a statutory body within the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and is responsible for enforcing the Competition Act of 2002.
• Founded: October 14, 2003
• Headquarters: New Delhi, India
• Chairperson: Ravneet Kaur

CCI Approves American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings’ Acquisition of 100% Shares in Dowlais Group plc

• The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved the proposed acquisition of 100% shareholding of Dowlais Group plc by American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. (AAM).
• The acquisition involves obtaining the entire issued and to-be-issued ordinary share capital and thereby sole control of Dowlais Group plc.

About American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. is:

• Listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).
• The ultimate parent entity (UPE) of the AAM group.
• Globally engaged in the design, engineering, and manufacture of drive transmission components and metal forming technologies.

About Dowlais Group plc is:

• Listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE).
• The ultimate parent entity (UPE) of the Dowlais group.
• Globally engaged in the development of driveline products, production of sintered metal products, manufacture of atomised metal powders, and additive manufacturing processes.

CCI approves proposed combination involving Jumbotail Technologies, Standard Chartered entities, Solv-India, Artal Asia, and JTPL founders

• The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved the proposed combination involving multiple entities:
• Jumbotail Technologies Pvt. Ltd. (JTPL)
• Standard Chartered Research and Technology India Pvt. Ltd. (SCRTIPL)
• SC Ventures Holdings Limited (SC Ventures)
• Solv-India Pte. Ltd. (Solv-India)
• SCV Master Holding Company Pte. Ltd. (SCV Master)
• Artal Asia Pte Ltd. (Artal Asia)
• Founders of JTPL: Mr. Subramanian Karthik Venkateswaran and Mr. Ashish Jhina.
• The proposed combination includes:

1. Acquisition of 100% shareholding in SCRTIPL by JTPL.
2. Issuance of shares of JTPL to SC Ventures and Solv-India.
3. Subscription of shares in JTPL by SCV Master and Artal Asia.
4. Subscription of shares in JTPL by Artal Asia and the Founders, who also backstop investment obligations of certain other entities.

Business activities of entities involved:

• JTPL operates an online marketplace facilitating wholesale and distribution of products, providing ancillary services to sellers and buyers.
• SCRTIPL operates ‘Solv’, an online B2B platform enabling Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to sell products to retailers and businesses, also offering payment collection and credit solutions.
• SC Ventures and SCV Master have no direct business activities in India, only present through subsidiaries in online B2B and other businesses.
• Solv-India is an intermediary holding company of SCRTIPL without its own business activities.
• Artal Asia is a Singapore-based investor in late-stage companies across e-commerce, food and beverage, and grocery sectors, with indirect presence in India via affiliates including JTPL.
• The Founders are involved only in operating and managing the JTPL group.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

Defence Research and Development Organisation launches Quantum Technology Research Centre to enhance indigenous quantum capabilities for strategic and defense use

• The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) inaugurated Quantum Technology Research Centre (QTRC) at Metcalfe House, Delhi on May 27, 2025.
• The inauguration was done by Samir V Kamat, Secretary, Department of Defence R&D and Chairman, DRDO.
• Aim: To strengthen indigenous quantum capabilities for strategic and defence applications.
• QTRC is equipped with advanced experimental setups to drive R&D in critical quantum domains.

Key capabilities include:

• Characterisation of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) and Distributed Feedback Lasers (DFLs)
• Test-beds for evaluating single-photon sources
• Characterisation of Micro Fabricated Alkali Vapor Cell
• Experimental platforms for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) to enable ultra-secure communication and safeguard national security in the post-quantum era.
• The centre is spearheaded by the Scientific Analysis Group (SAG), DRDO.
• Solid State Physics Laboratory (SSPL) leads foundational quantum technologies at QTRC including:
• Ultra-Small Atomic Clock based on Coherent Population Trapping for precise timekeeping in GNSS-denied environments
• Atomic Magnetometer using optically pumped magnetometry for ultra-sensitive magnetic field detection
• Development of cutting-edge solid-state quantum devices and materials.
• DRDO is a key player in the National Quantum Mission, focusing on: Quantum sensing, Secure communications, Post-quantum cryptography.
• The inauguration ceremony was attended by:
• Smt Suma Varughese, Director General (Micro Electronic Devices, Computational Systems & Cyber Systems)
• Dr Manu Korulla, DG (Resource & Management)
• Directors of SSPL and SAG, senior scientists, and other dignitaries.

Recent News :

• In March 2025, The DRDOand the Indian Navy successfully conducted a flight test of the Vertically-Launched Short-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (VLSRSAM) from the Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, off the Odisha coast.

About DRDO:

• Founded: 1958
• Headquarters: New Delhi, India
• Parent Ministry: Ministry of Defence, Government of India
• Chairman: Dr. Samir V. Kamat

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPS & PORTALS

India Unveils ‘Know Your DIGIPIN’ and ‘Know Your PIN Code’ Portals to Revolutionise Geospatial Addressing System

• The Department of Posts, Ministry of Communications launched two digital platforms: ‘Know Your DIGIPIN’ and ‘Know Your PIN Code’ to modernise India’s addressing system and geospatial governance.
• Launch aligns with the National Geospatial Policy 2022, which aims to develop advanced geospatial infrastructure for digital governance and public service delivery.

About Know Your DIGIPIN Web Application :

• DIGIPIN (Digital Postal Index Number) is an open-source, interoperable, geo-coded, grid-based digital address system.
• Developed by the Department of Posts in collaboration with IIT Hyderabad and NRSC, ISRO.
• Supports Address-as-a-Service (AaaS), enabling efficient address data management.
• Features of the portal:
• Retrieve DIGIPIN based on precise geolocation.
• Input latitude and longitude to fetch DIGIPINs and vice versa.
• Benefits:
• Simplifies location mapping.
• Enhances logistics, emergency response, and last-mile delivery, especially in rural and underserved areas.
• DIGIPIN is officially adopted by the Thematic Working Group on Address under the National Geospatial Policy 2022.
• Available for integration by Ministries, State Governments, institutions, and individual users.
• Enables GIS-based digitalisation of service delivery, improving location accuracy and reducing emergency response times.
• Technical documentation and source code available on GitHub for open collaboration.

About Know Your PIN Code Web Application:

• The existing six-digit PIN Code system (since 1972) has been modernised through a national geofencing exercise.
• The platform uses GNSS location features to:
• Identify correct PIN Code based on location.
• Allow users to submit feedback on PIN Code accuracy.
• The geo-fenced PIN Code boundaries dataset is uploaded on the Open Government Data Platform titled “All India PIN Code Boundary geo-json”.

About Ministry of Communications :

• Cabinet Minister : Jyotiraditya Scindia

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

Arsenal Clinches 2025 UEFA Women’s Champions League Title with 1–0 Win Over Barcelona

• Arsenal ended an 18-year wait for European glory by defeating defending champions FC Barcelona 1–0 in the UWCL final at Estadio José Alvalade, Lisbon.
• Substitute Stina Blackstenius struck in the 75th minute—via a Beth Mead assist—to secure the Gunners’ second UWCL crown and halt Barcelona’s bid for a third straight title.

Key Highlights:

• Final Score: Arsenal 1–0 FC Barcelona
• Decisive Goal: Stina Blackstenius (75′), set up by Beth Mead
• Venue & Date: Estadio José Alvalade, Lisbon; May 24, 2025
• Arsenal’s Return: First UWCL triumph since 2007, reaffirming their status as England’s most successful women’s club in Europe
• Barcelona’s Streak Halted: Denied a hat-trick of consecutive UWCL titles despite their dominance in previous rounds
• Tactical Mastery: Effective use of second-half substitutions and disciplined defensive structure under pressure
• Broader Impact:
  • Elevates the profile of Women’s Super League clubs in Europe
  • Sparks renewed investment and interest in women’s football across England
  • Breaks the long-standing Spanish and French stronghold on European women’s club football

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

World Hunger Day 2025 –  May 28

• World Hunger Day 2025 is observed globally on May 28, highlighting the systemic causes of hunger and advocating for locally driven, sustainable solutions.
• Initiated by The Hunger Project in 2011, this observance reinforces the global commitment to Zero Hunger (SDG 2).

1. Background & Origin

• Founded by: The Hunger Project, 2011
• Purpose: To shift focus from temporary food aid to long-term, sustainable solutions addressing poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation
• Target Group: Smallholder farmers and women, often key food producers yet marginalized

2. Theme & Goals for 2025

• Broad Focus:
  • Locally led development
  • Climate-resilient agriculture
  • Gender equality

3. Importance of World Hunger Day

• Draws attention to over 800 million people facing chronic hunger globally
• Recognizes hunger as a systemic issue, not just a food shortage
• Aims to transform development models from dependency to self-reliance and empowerment
• Tied to multiple SDGs, especially:
  • SDG 2: Zero Hunger
  • SDG 1: No Poverty
  • SDG 5: Gender Equality
  • SDG 13: Climate Action

World Thyroid Day 2025 – May 25

• World Thyroid Day 2025 was observed globally on May 25, continuing its mission to promote early detection, nutritional awareness, and accessible treatment for thyroid disorders.
• With over 4.2 crore Indians affected and more than 1 billion people globally at risk due to iodine deficiency, this day plays a key role in public health education.

Key Highlights

1. Background

• First Observed: 2008
• Initiated by: Thyroid Federation International (TFI)
• Coincides with: European Thyroid Day (by European Thyroid Association)
• Purpose: To raise global awareness about thyroid disorders, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

2. Aim & Objectives

• Raise awareness about various thyroid disorders
• Promote screening in high-risk populations (e.g., Himalayan belt in India)
• Educate on iodine’s role in thyroid hormone production
• Encourage routine thyroid testing and balanced nutrition

3. Types of Thyroid Disorders

• Hypothyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism
• Goitre / Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD)
• Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
• Thyroid Cancer
• Congenital Hypothyroidism

6. Year-Wise Themes (Selected)

Year	Theme
2025	Focus on early detection, proper nutrition & treatment access
2023	Thyroid Health: Nurturing Well-being
2022	It’s Not You. It’s Your Thyroid
2021	Mother-Baby-Iodine
2019	Find It and Treat It Early
2018	Lifestyle and Diet Change for Better Thyroid Management

International Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories (May 25–31)

• The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) is commemorating the 2024 edition of the International Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories from May 25 to 31, reaffirming its commitment to decolonization and self-determination for people living in 17 remaining such territories.

1. Background

• Established by: UNGA Resolution A/RES/54/91
• Adopted on: 6 December 1999
• Definition: As per the UN Charter, Non-Self-Governing Territories are those “whose people have not yet attained a full measure of self-government.”

2. Historical Context

• In 1946, 72 territories were identified and reported to the UN.
• Many have since gained independence.
• As of 2024, 17 territories remain on the list.

3. Current List of Non-Self-Governing Territories (Selected Examples)

• Western Sahara
• Gibraltar
• Guam
• Bermuda
• American Samoa
• Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
• Cayman Islands
  (Full list maintained by the UN Special Committee on Decolonization)

World Football Day – 25 May (Declared by UNGA in 2024)

• The United Nations General Assembly has officially recognized 25th May as World Football Day, honoring the sport's centennial presence on the global Olympic stage.
• This declaration, made on 7 May 2024, emphasizes football's unparalleled popularity and its power to foster unity and inclusion.
• The declaration commemorates the 100th anniversary of football’s global representation at the 1924 Paris Summer Olympics.
• The resolution was proposed by Libya and co-sponsored by over 160 UN member states, reflecting widespread international support.

Highlights of the UN Resolution

• Proposed by: Libya’s UN Ambassador Taher El-Sonni.
• Supported by: More than 160 countries.
• Recognizes: The role of football in promoting peace, development, education, and health.
• Objective: Celebrate football's ability to unify people across cultures and inspire positive global change.

Why 25 May?

• On 25 May 1924, during the Paris Olympics, football witnessed inclusive global participation for the first time.
• The 2024 observance marked the centenary of that event.
• Paris also hosts the 2024 Summer Olympics, adding symbolic relevance.

Football – Key Facts

Origin:

• Originated in medieval England.
• Modern football rules were codified in 1863 with the formation of the Football Association (FA) in England.

FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association):

• Founded in 1904 (not 1902).
• Has 211 member nations, more than the UN’s 193 members.

Football in the Olympics

• Men’s football debuted at the 1900 Paris Olympics.
• Women’s football was introduced at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.
• Football has featured in every Summer Olympics except 1932.

Men’s football format:

• Primarily an Under-23 event, with 3 over-age players allowed per team.

Women’s football format:

• No age restrictions.

Menstrual Hygiene Day 2025 – Observed on May 28

• Menstrual Hygiene Day (MH Day) is observed annually on May 28 to raise awareness and promote action for better menstrual health and hygiene worldwide.
• The 2025 theme is “Together for a #PeriodFriendlyWorld”, calling for collective efforts to end stigma and ensure safe, affordable menstrual care for all who menstruate.

What is Menstrual Hygiene?

• Menstruation is a natural biological process where the uterus sheds its lining, resulting in bleeding through the vagina.
• Menstrual hygiene involves managing periods safely and with dignity, which requires:
  • Access to clean, effective menstrual products (pads, tampons, cups, etc.)
  • Privacy for changing menstrual products
  • Facilities for proper disposal of used products

History of Menstrual Hygiene Day

• Initiated by the German NGO WASH United in 2013 with a 28-day social media campaign.
• First official observance was on May 28, 2014, with rallies, workshops, and awareness programs.
• Date Significance:
  • May (5th month) = average number of days in menstruation (~5 days)
  • 28 = average number of days in a menstrual cycle

Importance of Menstrual Hygiene Day

According to UN Women, MH Day is vital for:

• Breaking Taboos: Encourages open conversations to dismantle myths and stigma around menstruation.
• Promoting Education: Ensures access to accurate information on menstrual health, especially for young girls.
• Improving Access: Advocates for better availability of menstrual products and sanitation facilities.
• Empowering Women and Girls: Enables safe, dignified management of menstruation, essential for gender equality.

Amnesty International Day – Observed on May 28

• Amnesty International Day is celebrated annually on May 28 to honor the founding of Amnesty International (AI), a leading global non-governmental organization dedicated to the protection and promotion of human rights worldwide.

About Amnesty International (AI)

• Founded: May 28, 1961, in London by British lawyer Peter Benenson.
• Purpose: Publicize and combat human rights violations, especially those related to:
  • Freedom of speech and conscience
  • Protection against torture
  • Release of political prisoners
• Activities:
  • Lobbying governments and powerful entities to uphold human rights.
  • Publicizing violations through reports, newsletters, and campaigns.
  • Organizing protests, demonstrations, and vigils.
  • Supporting political prisoners via “adoption groups” who write letters of protest.
  • Conducting human rights education and circulating petitions and alerts.
• Membership: Over 3 million members and supporters across more than 150 countries.
• Headquarters: London, UK
• Logo: A burning candle wrapped in barbed wire symbolizing hope and struggle.

Historical Significance and Recognition

• Nobel Peace Prize: Awarded in 1977 for its defense of human dignity against torture.
• United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights: Awarded in 1978.
• Seán MacBride, AI’s first chairman (1961-1975), was also a Nobel Peace Prize co-recipient in 1974.

Amnesty International Day 2025: Key Highlights

• Celebrated through educational programs, campaigns, and community activities focused on:
  • Raising awareness about ongoing human rights issues.
  • Advocating for justice and equality.
  • Promoting peace and defending freedoms globally.
• Provides an opportunity for people worldwide to unite in support of human rights regardless of race, gender, or background.
• Encourages participation in local events, social media campaigns, and self-education about current human rights challenges.

International Day of Action for Women’s Health – Observed on May 28

• The International Day of Action for Women’s Health is observed annually on May 28 to advocate for women’s health and rights worldwide, with a special focus on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR).
• It is a global platform aimed at raising awareness, promoting policy change, and ensuring women’s health remains a priority in national and international agendas.

Theme for 2025:

• “In Solidarity We Resist: Our Fight, Our Right!”
  This theme highlights the urgent need for collective action against growing global opposition to sexual and reproductive health and rights, driven by well-funded, organized anti-rights groups. It stresses unity and resilience in protecting women’s health and freedoms.

Purpose:

• Raise awareness about health issues impacting women.
• Promote healthy lifestyles and informed choices.
• Advocate for accessible, quality healthcare services tailored to women’s needs.
• Highlight the importance of sexual and reproductive health and rights in women’s overall wellbeing.

Actions Taken:

• Activists, NGOs, and communities organize events such as marches, workshops, and discussions.
• Advocacy for policy reforms and enhanced healthcare provisions.
• Public campaigns and education to break taboos around women’s health.
• Support for grassroots women’s health initiatives.

Historical Background:

• First observed in 1987, the day has since been a yearly occasion to spotlight women's health issues globally.
• Initiated by women’s health advocates, it reflects ongoing struggles and achievements in securing health rights.

International Missing Children’s Day — Observed Annually on May 25

• International Missing Children’s Day is observed every year on May 25, the same day as the United States’ National Missing Children’s Day, designated by President Ronald Reagan in 1983.
• International Missing Children’s Day is a global observance dedicated to raising awareness about the issue of missing children worldwide.

• This date was chosen to coincide with the anniversary of the disappearance of Etan Patz, a six-year-old boy who went missing in New York City in 1979. His case brought significant attention to the issue of missing children.

Symbol:

The day is symbolized by the forget-me-not flower, representing hope and the commitment that missing children will not be forgotten.

Purpose and Significance:

• Raise public awareness about missing children and prevention of abduction.
• Promote coordinated efforts among governments, organizations, and communities to locate and recover missing children.
• Recognize and support the emotional and practical needs of families affected by disappearance.
• Encourage education and preventive measures to keep children safe.

History:

• 1983: President Ronald Reagan proclaimed May 25 as National Missing Children’s Day in the United States, in memory of Etan Patz.
• Over time, this observance gained international recognition and is now observed worldwide as International Missing Children’s Day.
• The day serves as a crucial reminder of the importance of ongoing efforts to protect children, find missing children, and support affected families.

International Day Of United Nations Peacekeepers 2025 - May 29

• The International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers is observed every year on May 29. The first United Nations Peacekeeping mission was first established in May 1948.

History  

• General Assembly designated May 29 as International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers.
• On this day, we have to pay respect to the courage of all men and women who sacrifice their lives for the cause of peace.
• In the first UN Peacekeeping Mission in 1948, 3,800 military, police and other personnel lost their lives in the service of peace.
• On 29th May UN offices, member states, and non-governmental organizations conducted several events to honour peacekeepers.
• At UN Headquarters in New York, Secretary-General conducted a ceremony to honour all peacekeepers who lost their lives.

International Everest Day 2025 - May 29

• International Everest Day 2025 is observed on May 29.

History

• The first attempt to climb mountains was by the British people in the 1920s.
• 68 years ago, Nepalese Tenzing Norgay and New Zealand’s Edmund Hillary climbed mountains and that day history was created.
• Since 1953, several people have climbed the mountain and more and more visitors have increased each year.
• Everest is the highest mountain when measured at sea level. Several International climbers and families actively participated in the events that were celebrated on International Everest Day.
• International Mount Everest Day was celebrated in 2008, and it was the day Edmund Hillary passed away Nepal decided on May 29 as International Everest Day.

Daily CA One- liner: May 29

• India has initiated the development of E-Hansa, a two-seater electric trainer aircraft designed and built by CSIR-NAL, Bengaluru, marking a significant advance in green aviation and indigenous aerospace innovation
• The Ministry of Panchayati Raj officially rolled out the Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) 2.0 for FY 2023–24 during a National Writeshop held on 26–27 May 2025 at the Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi
• Shri Jyotiraditya M. Scindia, Minister for Communications and Development of North East Region, announced “Innovate to Transform” as the theme for the 9th India Mobile Congress (IMC 2025), scheduled from 8 –11 October 2025 at Yashobhoomi Convention Centre, New Delhi
• Gujarat has reached a significant milestone by becoming the 24th State/Union Territory in India to achieve 100% electrification of its railway network
• Arsenal ended an 18-year wait for European glory by defeating defending champions FC Barcelona 1–0 in the UWCL final at Estadio José Alvalade, Lisbon
• World Hunger Day 2025 is observed globally on May 28, highlighting the systemic causes of hunger and advocating for locally driven, sustainable solutions
• World Thyroid Day 2025 was observed globally on May 25, continuing its mission to promote early detection, nutritional awareness, and accessible treatment for thyroid disorders
• The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) is commemorating the 2024 edition of the International Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories from May 25 to 31, reaffirming its commitment to decolonization and self-determination for people living in 17 remaining such territories
• The United Nations General Assembly has officially recognized 25th May as World Football Day, honoring the sport's centennial presence on the global Olympic stage
• Menstrual Hygiene Day (MH Day) is observed annually on May 28 to raise awareness and promote action for better menstrual health and hygiene worldwide
• Amnesty International Day is celebrated annually on May 28 to honor the founding of Amnesty International (AI), a leading global non-governmental organization dedicated to the protection and promotion of human rights worldwide
• The International Day of Action for Women’s Health is observed annually on May 28 to advocate for women’s health and rights worldwide, with a special focus on sexual and reproductive health and rights
• International Missing Children’s Day is observed every year on May 25, the same day as the United States’ National Missing Children’s Day, designated by President Ronald Reagan in 1983
• The International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers is observed every year on May 29.
• International Everest Day 2025 is observed on May 29.
• The Government of India has implemented an investor-friendly FDI policy, allowing 100% FDI in most sectors through the automatic route.
• Coal imports in India during FY 2024-25 fell by 7.9%, totaling 243.62 million tonnes (MT) compared to 264.53 MT in FY 2023-24.
• Kotak Mahindra Bank launched a new campaign for Kotak811, its flagship digital banking platform.
• Jio BlackRock Asset Management Private Ltd, 50:50 joint venture between Jio Financial Services Ltd (JFSL) and BlackRock has received regulatory approval from the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to start operations as an investment manager for its mutual fund business in India.
• The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has mandated that all UPI applications must display only the recipient’s name as registered with their bank starting from 30 June, 2025.
• The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has extended the income tax return (ITR) filing deadline for Assessment Year (AY) 2025-26 (Financial Year 2024-25) from July 31, 2025 to September 15, 2025.
• The Ministry of Finance plans to upgrade the status of four Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) from Miniratna to Navratna in the coming months.
• The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved a combination involving:
• Merger of Ring Plus Aqua Limited (RPAL) and Maini Precision Products Limited (MPPL) into JK Maini Precision Technologies Limited (JKMPTL).
• Demerger of the aerospace business of JKMPTL into JK Maini Global Aerospace Limited (JKMGAL).
• The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved the proposed acquisition of 100% shareholding of Dowlais Group plc by American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. (AAM).
• The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved the proposed combination involving multiple entities:
• Jumbotail Technologies Pvt. Ltd. (JTPL)
• Standard Chartered Research and Technology India Pvt. Ltd. (SCRTIPL)
• SC Ventures Holdings Limited (SC Ventures)
• Solv-India Pte. Ltd. (Solv-India)
• SCV Master Holding Company Pte. Ltd. (SCV Master)
• Artal Asia Pte Ltd. (Artal Asia)
• The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) inaugurated Quantum Technology Research Centre (QTRC) at Metcalfe House, Delhi on May 27, 2025.
• The Department of Posts, Ministry of Communications launched two digital platforms: ‘Know Your DIGIPIN’ and ‘Know Your PIN Code’ to modernise India’s addressing system and geospatial governance.