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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING & FINANCE

Reserve Bank of India Requests Government Approval to Expand Contingent Risk Buffer Band   

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reviewed its Economic Capital Framework (ECF) and sought the government’s approval to expand the Contingent Risk Buffer (CRB) band.
• The CRB is a portion of the RBI’s balance sheet maintained to absorb potential losses, currently set at 5.5–6.5%, as per the Bimal Jalan Committee recommendations.
• A higher CRB means a lower surplus transferred to the government, and vice versa.

What is the contingency risk buffer?

• The Contingency Risk Buffer (CRB) is a specific provision fund kept by the central bank primarily to be used during any unexpected and unforeseen contingencies.
• These unforeseen contingencies could include depreciation of securities values, risks from monetary policy changes, systemic risks to the financial system, etc.

Key Highlights :

• The CRB levels over the years:
• FY19 to FY22: 5.5%
• FY23: 6.0%
• FY24: 6.5%
• The framework by the Jalan Committee has been found effective over the past five years, and RBI is exploring a wider range for the buffer in view of economic vulnerabilities and fluctuations.
• RBI’s surplus transfers to the Government (₹ crore):
• FY18: ₹50,000
• FY19: ₹1,75,988
• FY20: ₹57,127
• FY21: ₹99,122
• FY22: ₹30,307
• FY23: ₹87,416
• FY24: ₹2,10,873 (Highest ever)

About RBI :

• Established : 1 April 1935
• Headquarters : Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
• Governor : Sanjay Malhotra

Reserve Bank of India to release new ₹20 currency notes bearing Governor Sanjay Malhotra’s signature

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will soon issue ₹20 denomination banknotes in the Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series bearing the signature of the new RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra.

Key Highlights :

Design Features:

• The design remains unchanged from the existing ₹20 notes, except for the signature.
• Dimensions: 63 mm x 129 mm
• Base Colour: Greenish Yellow
• Reverse Illustration: Ellora Caves, symbolizing India’s cultural heritage.
• Legal Tender Status:All previously issued ₹20 notes will remain legal tender.
• Legal tender refers to coins or banknotes that are legally acceptable to discharge debts or obligations.
• Every note issued by RBI is guaranteed by the Central Government, per Section 26(2) of the RBI Act, 1934.
• Even ₹1 notes issued by the Government of India are legal tender.
• RBI Governor:Sanjay Malhotra was appointed as RBI Governor from December 11, 2024, for a three-year term.
• Currency Printing:Notes are printed at four currency presses:
  ➤2 by SPMCIL (Govt. of India): Nasik (West), Dewas (Central)
  ➤2 by BRBNMPL (RBI subsidiary): Mysuru (South), Salboni (East)
• Coin Minting:Coins are minted at four mints by SPMCIL: Mumbai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and NOIDA.
• Coins are issued through RBI as per Section 38 of the RBI Act.
• Currency Chests:Currency chests are authorised storehouses used for distributing banknotes and coins.
• Operated by selected scheduled banks.
• As of February 28, 2025, there were 2,691 currency chests in India.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL NEWS

India Celebrates 125 Years of Solar Research with Kodaikanal Observatory Commemorative Stamp

• Department of Posts released a commemorative postage stamp to mark 125 years of the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory.
• The release event was held at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bengaluru.

Features of the Commemorative Stamp:

• Showcases the twin-domed building of the Kodaikanal Observatory
  • Right Dome: Houses a 6-inch telescope (originating from the Madras Observatory, 1850; installed at Kodaikanal in 1900)
  • Left Dome: Contains an 8-inch telescope (from 1866; moved to Kodaikanal in 1930)
• Includes a recent H-alpha solar image captured on May 6, 2024
• Depicts the IIA logo and a Butterfly Diagram showing sunspot positions from 1904 to 2020

Objective of the Stamp:

• Commemorate 125 years of India’s contributions to solar observations and astrophysics
• Promote public awareness about India’s legacy in space science and astronomy
• Offer a philatelic tribute for collectors and enthusiasts

Key Personalities Involved:

• A.S. Kiran Kumar – Former Chairman of ISRO; Chairperson, Governing Council of IIA
• S. Rajendra Kumar – Chief Post Master General, Karnataka Circle

About Kodaikanal Solar Observatory:

• Established: 1 April 1899
• Location: Tamil Nadu, India
• Affiliation: Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA)
• Significance: One of the oldest observatories in India, pivotal in solar astrophysics research for over a century

India Opens Nuclear Energy Sector to Private Operators with Liability Reform

• The Indian government is set to introduce a landmark reform allowing private companies to operate nuclear power plants for the first time.
• This move aims to attract private and foreign investments by capping liability in the event of nuclear accidents, addressing a major concern that has hindered private sector participation.

Key Highlights:

• Private Sector Participation
  • Private firms will be permitted to own and operate nuclear power plants, ending NPCIL’s exclusive role.
  • This aligns India with global nuclear sector practices and supports growing energy needs.
• Liability Reform
  • Proposal to limit the financial liability of private operators in case of nuclear accidents.
  • Reduces risk concerns for investors and foreign collaborators.
  • Possible amendments to the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010 (CLND Act) to facilitate these changes.
• Indo-U.S. Nuclear Cooperation
  • Recently, the U.S. government allowed its companies to manufacture nuclear equipment and undertake design work in India.
  • Strengthens the 2008 Indo-U.S. civil nuclear agreement and boosts technology transfer.
• Significance of the Reform
  • Enhances India’s energy security by promoting clean, reliable base-load power.
  • Encourages technology innovation, infrastructure development, and foreign investments.
  • Supports India’s target to expand nuclear capacity to 22 GW by 2031.
  • India operates 22 nuclear reactors, all state-owned, mainly by NPCIL.
  • Nuclear power accounts for about 3% of India’s electricity generation.

“Sagar Mein Samman” Policy Launched to Empower Women in India’s Maritime Sector

• Union Minister Shri Sarbananda Sonowal unveiled the Sagar Mein Samman (SMS) initiative on International Day for Women in Maritime in Mumbai, aiming to build a future-ready, gender-equitable maritime workforce by boosting women’s participation across all seafaring and shore-based roles.

Key Highlights

• 100% Subsidy Scheme
  • Structured roadmap covering planning & strategy, training & development, R&D, governance & compliance, communications, and community outreach.
  • Aligned with the government’s DEI objectives under Maritime India Vision 2030.
• Empowerment Targets
  • 12% female representation in technical maritime roles by 2030.
  • Recorded a 739 percent rise in registered women seafarers—from 1,699 (2015) to 14,255 (2024).
  • 2,989 women seafarers received financial assistance since 2014; applications rose from 45 (2014–15) to 732 (2024–25).
• Safety, Leadership & Retention
  • Policy addresses safety & well-being, skill development, leadership, and dismantling gender-based barriers.
  • Provides onshore job incentives, scholarships, and awareness campaigns.
• Institutional Collaboration
  • Launched by MoPSW at the International Day for Women in Maritime event, organised by the Directorate General of Shipping, Maritime Union of India, and National Maritime Day Committee.
  • Distinguished panel discussions on leadership and equity, plus felicitation of 10 women achievers in the sector.
  • Empowers 2,100 women seafarers to drive innovation, resilience, and sustainability—from docks to boardrooms.
  • Reinforces India’s commitment to the IMO gender-inclusion mission and the UN SDGs.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

United States remittance tax proposal threatens Indian families and weakens rupee: Global Trade Research Initiative

• The U.S. The House of Representatives introduced a legislative package called 'The One Big Beautiful Bill' on May 12, 2025, which includes a proposed 5% tax on remittances sent abroad by non-U.S. citizens.
• The tax targets international money transfers made by non-citizens, including green card holders and temporary visa workers (e.g., H-1B, H-2A visa holders), but excludes U.S. citizens.

Key Highlights :

• India is significantly affected since it received $120 billion in remittances in 2023-24, with nearly 28% of these coming from the U.S.
• The tax could increase the cost of sending remittances home, potentially causing a 10-15% drop in flows, leading to a $12-18 billion shortfall annually for India.
• This shortfall may tighten the supply of U.S. dollars in India's foreign exchange market, causing depreciation pressure on the Indian rupee.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) might need to intervene more frequently to stabilize the rupee, which could weaken by ₹1-1.5 per U.S. dollar.
• States like Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar depend heavily on remittances for essential expenses such as education, healthcare, and housing.
• A decline in remittances could reduce household consumption, worsening economic conditions amid global uncertainty and inflation pressures.
• Taxing remittances may disrupt global development financing, reduce incomes in poorer countries, and weaken demand in economies already facing inequality and instability.
• The issue is especially critical as India has proposed at the WTO to lower the cost of cross-border capital flows/remittances.
• The Global Trade Research Initiative (GTRI) highlighted the economic risks for India due to this proposed tax.

Iran and Azerbaijan Begin Joint Military Exercises in Nagorno-Karabakh    

• Iran and Azerbaijan launched a joint special forces exercise named "Aras-2025" running from May 18 to May 21, 2025.
• The drill involves Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and Azerbaijani troops.
• The exercise takes place in Karabakh, a region previously disputed with Armenia before Azerbaijan regained control in September 2023.
• The drill aims at boosting border security and confronting potential threats.
• The drill follows a rare visit by Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian to Baku in April 2025, where he met Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev.
• Bilateral ties had been strained due to Azerbaijan’s close security cooperation with Israel and a deadly 2023 attack on the Azerbaijani embassy in Tehran.
• The embassy was reopened in mid-2024 after the attacker was sentenced to death.
• Iran opposes the Zangezur corridor, a proposed transport route linking Azerbaijan to Turkey, which runs along Iran’s border with Armenia.
• In November 2024, Iran and Azerbaijan conducted a joint naval exercise in the Caspian Sea.

About Iran :

• President :Masoud Pezeshkian
• Capital :Tehran
• Currency :Iranian Rial

About Azerbaijan :

• President :Ilham Aliyev
• Prime Minister :Ali Asadov
• Capital :Baku
• Currency :Manat

CURRENT AFFAIRS: STATE NEWS

Telangana CM to Launch “Indira Soura Giri Jala Vikasam” for Tribal Irrigation

• Chief Minister Revanth Reddy will inaugurate the “Indira Soura Giri Jala Vikasam” scheme at Macharam village, Nagarukurnool district, to empower 2.1 lakh tribal farmers by providing solar-powered irrigation and developing six lakh acres of RoFR lands over the next five years.

Key Highlights:

• Outlay & Duration:
  • ₹12,600 crore allocated for 2025-26 to 2029-30 on a 100% subsidy (saturation mode).
  • Unit cost per installation: ₹6 lakh.
• Beneficiaries & Coverage:
  • 2.1 lakh Scheduled Tribe farmers across Telangana.
  • Development of six lakh acres titled under the Rights of Forests Records (RoFR) Act, 2006.
• RoFR Background:
  • 2,30,735 STs have received RoFR title deeds, covering 6.69 lakh acres.
  • Prior schemes provided irrigation to 23,886 ST farmers on 69,039 acres (₹141.57 crore).
• Technological Intervention:
  • Deployment of solar pump sets, ensuring reliable, off-grid irrigation.
  • Addresses previous Forest department objections on electricity connections to RoFR lands.
• Inaugural Events:
  • CM will distribute solar pumps to beneficiaries.
  • Special puja at Seetharamanjaneya temple, followed by a public meeting.
  • Visit to native Kondareddypally village for Anajaneyaswamy temple puja.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS

President Droupadi Murmu Confers 58th Jnanpith Award to Gulzar &Rambhadracharya

• In a grand celebration of India's literary legacy, President Droupadi Murmu presented the 58th Jnanpith Award, the nation’s highest literary honour, to Gulzar and Rambhadracharya at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi.
• The award recognized the enduring impact of both literary legends across diverse languages and traditions.
• The 58th Jnanpith Award was jointly awarded to:
  • Gulzar – Celebrated for his soulful poetry, screenwriting, and lyrics.
  • Rambhadracharya – Honoured for his devotional Sanskrit works, scholarship, and educational leadership.

About the Awardees

Rambhadracharya

• Full Name: Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Swami Rambhadracharya
• Literary Contributions:
  • Authored 4 Sanskrit epics – including Geet Ramayan and DashavataraCharitam
• Unique Achievements:
  • Lost eyesight in infancy
  • Memorised the Bhagavad Gita and Ramcharitmanas by age 5
  • Founded Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Divyang State University (JRDSU) in Chitrakoot (2001) – only university exclusively for divyang (differently-abled) students
• Known For: Fusing literature, spirituality, and education

Gulzar

• Real Name: Sampooran Singh Kalra
• Notable Works:
  • Tujhse Naraz Nahi Zindagi, ChaiyyaChaiyya, Humko Mann Ki Shakti Dena
• Awards & Recognition:
  • Oscar, Grammy, Dadasaheb Phalke Award
  • Authored over 20 books
• Contribution: Renowned for portraying sensitivity and social realism through Hindi poetry, film, and television
• Note: Could not attend the ceremony due to health reasons

About the Jnanpith Award

• Established: 1961 by Bharatiya Jnanpith.
• Purpose: To honour outstanding contributions to Indian literature.
• Award Components:
  • Citation
  • Cash prize
  • Bronze idol of Vagdevi (Goddess Saraswati)
• Notable Past Recipients: Mahadevi Verma, Amrita Pritam, Girish Karnad, Pratibha Ray

CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS AND AGREEMENT

Adani Defence & Aerospace Partners with Sparton to Localise Sonobuoy Production

• Adani Defence & Aerospace has signed a binding collaboration agreement with Sparton (DeLeon Springs LLC)—a subsidiary of Elbit Systems specialising in advanced Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) systems—to assemble sophisticated electronic sonobuoy solutions domestically for the Indian Navy and global markets.

Key Highlights:

• First Private-Sector Sonobuoy Manufacturer: Adani Defence becomes the first Indian private entity to produce sonobuoys—critical underwater surveillance devices previously sourced entirely from foreign OEMs.
• Technology & Capability Synergy: Combines Sparton’s proven ASW technology with Adani Defence’s design, manufacturing, and maintenance expertise to deliver mission-ready solutions.
• Undersea Domain Awareness (UDA): Sonobuoys enable effective detection, location, and tracking of submarines, bolstering maritime security and protection of strategic naval assets like carrier strike groups.
• Reducing Foreign Dependence: Domestic production addresses India’s historical reliance on international suppliers for vital naval capabilities.
• Alignment with National Initiatives: Supports ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ and ‘Make in India’ by localising high-end defence manufacturing.
• Leverage Existing Naval Ties: Utilises Sparton’s established relationship with the Indian Navy to streamline technology transfer and accelerate indigenous production.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Doctors used Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat to edit a baby’s DNA and cure a rare liver disease

• Baby KJ Muldoon, a nine-month-old infant in the United States, became the first person to receive a personalised CRISPR-based gene-editing therapy tailored to his unique genetic mutation.
• KJ suffers from carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) deficiency, a rare and life-threatening liver disorder.
• CPS1 deficiency causes the body to be unable to safely process ammonia, a toxic by-product of protein breakdown.
• Due to the lack of a crucial CPS1 enzyme, ammonia builds up in the blood, risking brain damage and damage to other organs.
• In infants, untreated CPS1 deficiency can be fatal or cause permanent harm within days.

Key Highlights :

• CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat) is a gene-editing tool known for its precision and ability to add, remove, or alter DNA at specific locations.
• The therapy used “base editing”, a method that alters a single DNA letter precisely
• The gene-editing therapy was delivered directly to KJ’s liver using lipid nanoparticles.
• Doctors Ahrens-Nicklas and Musunuru developed this personalised gene therapy within six months after identifying KJ’s specific CPS1 mutation.
• The first dose was administered to KJ in February 2025, when he was about six months old.
• This case represents a major breakthrough in precision medicine and opens new possibilities for treating thousands of rare genetic mutations.
• Traditionally, gene editing focused on common diseases like sickle cell anemia; KJ’s treatment shows potential for rare genetic disorders.
• The success of this therapy offers hope for families affected by rare diseases and could change the future of rare disease treatment forever.

Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Launch Fails Minutes After Lift-Off Due to Technical Glitch     

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) attempted to launch the earth observation satellite EOS-09 on PSLV-C61 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.
• The mission failed due to a technical glitch: there was a fall in chamber pressure in the third stage motor case, which led to mission failure.
• The third stage of PSLV is a solid rocket motor that provides higher thrust after the atmospheric phase.
• The second stage of the rocket performed normally, and the third stage motor started perfectly before the anomaly occurred.
• The PSLV-C61 mission was expected to place the satellite into a sun synchronous polar orbit17 minutes after lift-off.

Key Highlights :

• ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan confirmed the failure and mentioned that further analysis will be done to identify the root cause.
• This was the third failure in the PSLV program:
• The first failure was PSLV-D1 in 1993 (first mission).
• The second failure occurred during the 41st flight in 2017.
• The recent failure happened on the 63rd flight (PSLV-C61).
• Since the 2017 failure, all other PSLV launches were successful, with the previous successful mission being the SpaDEx mission in December 2024.
• The EOS-09 satellite was designed to provide remote sensing data to operational users and improve the frequency of earth observation.
• EOS-09 was built using ISRO’s RISAT-1 heritage bus with systems and payloads derived from previous missions.
• The failure follows a recent setback for ISRO when the NVS-02 satellite's orbit raising operation failed due to a valve malfunction (launched January 29, 2025).

About ISRO:

• Established: 1969
• Headquarters: New Delhi, India
• Chairman: V. Narayanan

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

Miss Estonia Triumphs in Miss World 2025 Sports Challenge

• Eliise Randmaa of Estonia clinched gold at the Miss World 2025 Sports Challenge at Hyderabad’s Gachibowli Indoor Stadium, becoming the first Estonian delegate to reach the quarter-finals since 1999.
• Competing against 108 contestants, Randmaa’s athletic prowess secured her a fast-track into the Top 40 of the pageant.

Key Highlights:

• Medal Winners
  • Gold: Eliise Randmaa (Estonia)
  • Silver: Aurélie Joachim (Martinique)
  • Bronze: Emma Morrison (Canada)
• Sports Challenge Disciplines
  • Physical Fitness: Shot put, sprints, shuttle runs
  • Team Sports: Badminton knockouts, basketball, football penalty shootouts
  • Mind Sports: Chess
  • Group Activity: Zumba session
• Dignitaries & Ceremony
  • Inaugurated by Telangana Tourism Minister Jupally Krishna Rao
  • Chief Guest: BCCI Vice-President Rajeev Shukla
  • Featured a torch-lighting ceremony to open the Sports Challenge

 India Clinches SAFF U-19 Title After Penalty Shootout Thriller Against Bangladesh

• India won the SAFF U-19 Championship 2025 by defeating Bangladesh 4-3 in a penalty shootout after a 1-1 draw in regulation time.
• Final held at the Golden Jubilee Stadium, Yupia, Arunachal Pradesh.
• This is India’s second title in the tournament, the first being in 2023.

Match Highlights:

• Venue: Golden Jubilee Stadium, Yupia, Arunachal Pradesh
• Regulation Time Score: India 1 – 1 Bangladesh
• Final Result: India won 4-3 on penalties
• Title Count: India’s 2nd SAFF U-19 title (after 2023)

• 2nd Minute: Goal by Indian captain Shami Singamayum from a direct free-kick.
• 61st Minute: Equalizer by Md Joy Ahamed of Bangladesh.
• Penalty Shootout: India maintained composure and triumphed 4-3.

About the SAFF U-19 Championship:

• Organized by: South Asian Football Federation (SAFF)
• Purpose: Promoting youth football in the South Asian region
• 2025 Participants: India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives
• Previous Edition: India won in 2023 by defeating Pakistan in the final

Carlos Alcaraz Clinches Maiden Italian Open Title, Ends Sinner’s 26-Match Streak

• Carlos Alcaraz defeated Jannik Sinner7-6 (5), 6-1 in the 2025 Italian Open final, securing his first Italian Open and 7th ATP Masters 1000
• The win halted Sinner’s 26-match winning streak and underlined Alcaraz’s clay-court mastery ahead of Roland Garros.

Key Highlights:

• Final Score: 7-6 (5), 6-1 in favour of Alcaraz
• Masters 1000 Titles: This triumph marks Alcaraz’s 7th at that level
• ATP Titles Overall: Now 19 career titles
• Sinner’s Streak Ended: Italy’s world No. 1 had won 26 consecutive matches since August 2024
• Head-to-Head Record: Alcaraz extends his lead to 7–4 over Sinner
• Decisive Moment: Saved two set points at 5-6 in the first set, then dominated the tie-break
• Tactical Excellence: Varied shot pace, heavy topspin and disciplined court positioning disrupted Sinner’s rhythm
• Clay-Court Credential: Becomes the third player since 1990 to win all major ATP clay tournaments

Background & Significance:

• Player Profiles:
  • Carlos Alcaraz (22): 2024 Roland Garros champion; rising spearhead of the new generation
  • Jannik Sinner: Italian No. 1; returning from an anti-doping suspension
• Tournament Context: The Italian Open (Rome Masters) is an ATP Masters 1000 event at Foro Italico
• Next Objective: Reinforces Alcaraz’s status as a favourite for Roland Garros 2025 and marks a pivotal moment in the Alcaraz–Sinner rivalry.

KL Rahul Becomes Fastest Indian to Score 8000 Runs in T20 Cricket

• KL Rahul achieved a remarkable milestone during the IPL 2025 match between Delhi Capitals and Gujarat Titans at Arun Jaitley Stadium, Delhi, becoming the fastest Indian to reach 8000 runs in T20 cricket.

Key Highlights:

• Rahul reached 8000 T20 runs in just 224 innings, breaking Virat Kohli’s record of 243 innings.
• He is the sixth Indian to cross the 8000-run mark in T20 format.
• KL Rahul debuted in T20 cricket in 2013.
• He has scored 6 centuries and 68 fifty-plus scores in T20 cricket so far.

Fastest Indian Players to Reach 8000 T20 Runs (By Innings):

CURRENT AFFAIRS : OBITUARIES

Pioneer of India's Science Museum Movement, Saroj Ghose Passed Away

• Saroj Ghose, the founding Director General of the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM), passed away on May 17, 2025, in Seattle, USA, at the age of 89.
• He is regarded as the "Father of India’s Science Museum Movement".

About Dr. Saroj Ghose :

• Saroj Ghose (1 September 1935 – 17 May 2025) was a renowned Indian science popularizer and museum maker.
• He was the founding Director General of the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM), serving from 1979 to 1997.
• He also served as the director of Birla Industrial & Technological Museum.
• Ghose was the President of the International Council of Museums (ICOM), Paris during 1992–1998.
• Known as the father of India’s science museum movement, he pioneered a decentralised model of science museums across India, making science accessible, interactive, and inspiring.
• He contributed to several important museums post-retirement, including:
• Town Hall Museum, Kolkata
• Parliament Museum, New Delhi
• Rashtrapati Bhavan Museum, New Delhi

Awards and honors:

• Padma Shri (1989) in Science & Engineering
• ASTC Fellowship (1997)
• Padma Bhushan (2007) in Science and Engineering
• Award for "Best Effort in Science Popularisation Amongst Children.

About NCSM :

• The NCSM, headquartered in Kolkata, was formed in 1978 as an autonomous society under the Union Ministry of Culture.
• NCSM administers 26 science centres and museums across all zones of India — north, south, east, northeast, and west — including 7 national-level centres.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

World Metrology Day 2025 - May 20

• World Metrology Day is celebrated on May 20 This day is observed to raise the importance of Metrology. Metrology Day is prompted by the Measurements Standards Laboratory(MSL).
• The theme for World Metrology Day 2025 is "Measurements for all times, for all people". 

History

• The first World Metrology Day was held in 1961.
• The World Metrological Organization came into force in 1950.
• World Metrology Day commemorates the renowned meter convention in Paris, France in the year 1875.
• After the convention, the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures(BIPM) and the International Organization of Legal Metrology(OIML) were established to ensure the importance of metrology.
•  The function of the World Metrological Organization is important to people’s health and safety.

Daily CA One- Liner: May 20

• Department of Posts released a commemorative postage stamp to mark 125 years of the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory
• The Indian government is set to introduce a landmark reform allowing private companies to operate nuclear power plants for the first time.
• Union Minister Shri Sarbananda Sonowal unveiled the Sagar Mein Samman (SMS) initiative on International Day for Women in Maritime in Mumbai, aiming to build a future-ready, gender-equitable maritime workforce by boosting women’s participation across all seafaring and shore-based roles
• Chief Minister Revanth Reddy will inaugurate the “Indira Soura Giri Jala Vikasam” scheme at Macharam village, Nagarukurnool district, to empower 2.1 lakh tribal farmers by providing solar-powered irrigation and developing six lakh acres of RoFR lands over the next five years
• Eliise Randmaa of Estonia clinched gold at the Miss World 2025 Sports Challenge at Hyderabad’s Gachibowli Indoor Stadium, becoming the first Estonian delegate to reach the quarter-finals since 1999.
• In a grand celebration of India's literary legacy, President Droupadi Murmu presented the 58th Jnanpith Award, the nation’s highest literary honour, to Gulzar and Rambhadracharya at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi.
• Adani Defence & Aerospace has signed a binding collaboration agreement with Sparton (DeLeon Springs LLC)—a subsidiary of Elbit Systems specialising in advanced Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) systems—to assemble sophisticated electronic sonobuoy solutions domestically for the Indian Navy and global markets
• India won the SAFF U-19 Championship 2025 by defeating Bangladesh 4-3 in a penalty shootout after a 1-1 draw in regulation time
• Carlos Alcaraz defeated Jannik Sinner 7-6 (5), 6-1 in the 2025 Italian Open final, securing his first Italian Open and 7th ATP Masters 1000 title.
• KL Rahul achieved a remarkable milestone during the IPL 2025 match between Delhi Capitals and Gujarat Titans at Arun Jaitley Stadium, Delhi, becoming the fastest Indian to reach 8000 runs in T20 cricket
• World Metrology Day is celebrated on May 20 This day is observed to raise the importance of Metrology. Metrology Day is prompted by the Measurements Standards Laboratory(MSL).

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reviewed its Economic Capital Framework (ECF) and sought the government’s approval to expand the Contingent Risk Buffer (CRB) band.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will soon issue ₹20 denomination banknotes in the Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series bearing the signature of the new RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra.
• The U.S. The House of Representatives introduced a legislative package called 'The One Big Beautiful Bill' on May 12, 2025, which includes a proposed 5% tax on remittances sent abroad by non-U.S. citizens.
• Iran and Azerbaijan launched a joint special forces exercise named "Aras-2025" running from May 18 to May 21, 2025.
• Baby KJ Muldoon, a nine-month-old infant in the United States, became the first person to receive a personalised CRISPR-based gene-editing therapy tailored to his unique genetic mutation.
• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) attempted to launch the earth observation satellite EOS-09 on PSLV-C61 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.
• Dr. Saroj Ghose, the founding Director General of the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM), passed away on May 17, 2025, in Seattle, USA, at the age of 89.