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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Asian Development Bank sanctions USD 400 million RBL programme to upgrade roads under Maharashtra’s Connectivity for Inclusive Growth initiative

• The Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a USD 400 million Results-Based Lending (RBL) programme to upgrade roads under the Maharashtra Roads Connectivity for Inclusive Growth Program.
• The programme aims to provide improved connectivity by linking rural communities with markets, logistics hubs, healthcare, education, and post-harvest centres, promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth.
• The loan will support the upgradation of 350 km of state highways and 2,577 km of rural roads across 34 districts of Maharashtra.
• Priority areas include the climate-vulnerable and economically backward regions of Marathwada and Vidarbha.
• The programme focuses on constructing climate-resilient, low-carbon, all-weather roads with modern safety features and sustainable design standards.
• It will enhance road safety management using iRAP (International Road Assessment Programme) methodology and the Safe System approach.
• The RBL modality allows agencies to pool resources and work toward shared, measurable outcomes, enabling coordinated development and unified targets.

About Asian Development Bank (ADB):

• Headquarters: Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines
• Founded: 1966
• President: Masato Kandaassa
• Members: 69

Central Board of Direct Taxes rolls out second NUDGE campaign to boost accurate reporting of foreign assets

• The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) analysed Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI) data for FY 2024-25 and found high-risk cases where foreign assets were not reported in ITRs for AY 2025-26.
• The second Non-intrusive Usage of Data to Guide and Enable (NUDGE) campaign will send SMSs and emails from 28 November 2025, advising taxpayers to revise returns by 31 December 2025 to avoid penalties.
• The campaign ensures correct reporting in Schedule Foreign Assets (FA) and Foreign Source Income (FSI) in ITRs, as required under the Income-tax Act, 1961 and the Black Money Act, 2015.

Key Highlights :

• CBDT is adopting a PRUDENT approach (Professionalism, Responsible & Responsive, Understanding, Dedication & Due Diligence/Data-based decisions, Effective Enforcement, Non-intrusive Administration, Technology) to promote accurate reporting and voluntary compliance.
• The initiative aligns with Viksit Bharat, promoting transparency, accountability, and trust-based tax administration.
• The NUDGE initiative strengthens data-driven, non-intrusive, and taxpayer-centric compliance measures using advanced data analytics.
• The first NUDGE campaign launched on 17 November 2024 led to 24,678 taxpayers revising returns and disclosing ₹29,208 crore in foreign assets and ₹1,089.88 crore foreign-source income.
• CBDT receives foreign asset information under Common Reporting Standard (CRS) and FATCA, helping identify undisclosed foreign assets and guiding taxpayers towards accurate compliance.
• Taxpayers are advised to ensure full compliance with reporting rules and may refer to the official site gov.in for details on CRS, FATCA, Schedule FA, and Schedule FSI.

About Ministry of Finance:

• Cabinet Minister: Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman
• Minister of State (MoS): Shri Pankaj Chaudhary

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

Andhra Pradesh approves creation of 3 new districts

• The Government of Andhra Pradesh has approved the formation of three new districts, increasing the total number of districts in the state from 26 to 29.
• The decision has also approved the creation of five new revenue divisions and one new mandal to strengthen local administration and public service delivery.
• The newly approved districts are:
  • Polavaram
  • Markapuram
  • Madanapalle
• The newly proposed revenue divisions include:
  • Nakkapalli (Anakapalli district)
  • Addanki (Prakasam district)
  • Pileru (Madanapalle district)
  • Banaganapalle (Nandyal district)
  • Madakasira (Sri Sathya Sai district)
• A new mandal, Pedda Harivanam, will be formed by bifurcating the existing Adoni mandal in Kurnool district.
• The proposed Polavaram district will have Rampachodavaram as its district headquarters and will include two revenue divisions — Rampachodavaram and Chinturu, covering a population of 3.49 lakh.
• The reorganisation aims to improve administrative accessibility, especially for tribal and remote regions, ensure efficient implementation of welfare schemes, and support regional balanced development.
• The proposal will next be placed before the State Cabinet based on the Group of Ministers recommendations.
• After Cabinet clearance, an official notification will be released to operationalize the new districts and divisions.

About Andhra Pradesh:

• Chief Minister: N. Chandrababu Naidu
• Governor: S. Abdul Nazeer
• Capital: Amaravati
• National Parks: Sri Venkateswara National Park, Papikonda National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary, Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary, Kambalakonda Wildlife Sanctuary, Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary, Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary

RECENT NEWS

• The Andhra Pradesh Tourism Department has won the prestigious Global Tourism Award 2025, recognizing its outstanding initiatives in positioning Andhra Pradesh as one of India’s most promising tourist destinations. The award was received by tourism consultant Nishitha Goyal on behalf of the department at a ceremony held in New Delhi.

Election Commission Conducts Second Round of Special Intensive Revision of Electoral Rolls

• The Election Commission of India is conducting the second round of the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls across 12 States and Union Territories to verify and update voter details as part of electoral modernisation efforts.
• The exercise relies heavily on the digitisation of enumeration forms collected by Booth Level Officers (BLOs). The enumeration deadline is 4 December 2025, and there are visible differences in progress among states.
• As per data released on 24 November 2025:
  • 99.07% of voter enumeration forms have been collected, covering over 50.50 crore voters
  • 47.35% of forms have been digitised, accounting for more than 24.13 crore voter records
• State-wise digitisation progress:
  • Goa - 76.89% (Highest)
  • Rajasthan - 72.20%
  • Kerala - around 23%
  • Uttar Pradesh - 26.6% (Among the lowest along with Kerala)
• The revision exercise is being carried out in:
  Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Puducherry, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Lakshadweep.
• Booth Level Officers, including teachers, clerks, Anganwadi workers, and field officials, are responsible for enumeration and digitisation. Reports highlight several challenges:
  • Application crashes during photo uploads
  • Heavy workload and physical strain
  • Limited technical experience among older BLOs
  • Instances of stress, protests, and fatigue-related casualties in some states
• In Uttar Pradesh, BLOs have reported confusion with procedures and application performance. Many have sought support from family members while supervisors continue to monitor progress daily.
• The Special Intensive Revision is aimed at:
  • Improving accuracy and transparency of voter databases
  • Eliminating duplicate or outdated entries
  • Simplifying the process of filing claims and objections
  • Supporting efficient and transparent election management
• The draft electoral roll will be published on 9 December 2025, after which the public can submit corrections, objections, or enrolment requests.

India Marks 350th Martyrdom Anniversary of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur

• On the occasion of the 350th martyrdom anniversary of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur, Prime Minister Narendra Modi led the national tribute by unveiling a commemorative postage stamp, a special coin, and a coffee-table book dedicated to the Ninth Sikh Guru.
• The event was held at Jyotisar, Kurukshetra, Haryana, organised by the Haryana Government under Chief Minister Nayab Singh Saini, where thousands of devotees participated.
• A special interfaith Gurbani recitation by 350 school students from Patiala was conducted, representing Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, and Christian communities, highlighting Guru Tegh Bahadur’s message of religious harmony and unity.
• In his address, the Prime Minister remembered Guru Tegh Bahadur as “Hind Di Chadar”, noting his sacrifice in defending religious freedom during the Mughal period.
  He also honoured Bhai Jaita (Bhai Jeevan Singh) for transporting the Guru’s severed head to Anandpur Sahib.
• The Prime Minister listed several initiatives taken to honour Sikh heritage, including:
  • Celebration of Prakash Gurpurbs
  • Development of the Kartarpur Sahib Corridor
  • Construction of the Hemkund Sahib ropeway
  • Expansion of the Virasat-e-Khalsa Museum
• As part of the visit, the Prime Minister inaugurated the Panchajanya Memorial at the Mahabharata Experience Centre, featuring a golden conch structure and inscriptions from the Bhagavad Gita.
• The Prime Minister also performed maha aarti at Brahmasarovar during the International Gita Mahotsav 2025 and interacted with scholars while visiting Mahabharata-themed galleries.

Assam Introduces Assam Prohibition of Polygamy Bill, 2025

• The Assam Government introduced the Assam Prohibition of Polygamy Bill, 2025 in the State Legislative Assembly.
• The bill was tabled by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, fulfilling the 2023 promise to legally eliminate polygamy in the state.
• The bill follows a 2023 statewide survey on polygamy, which indicated the need for legal intervention to protect women’s rights and prevent misuse of personal laws.
• The bill seeks to criminalise polygamy, defined as entering a second marriage while an existing legal marriage continues and has not been annulled or dissolved through divorce.
• Punishment for first offence: Up to 7 years of imprisonment and a fine determined by the court.
• Punishment for concealing an existing marriage: Up to 10 years of imprisonment and a fine.
• Repeat offence: Punishment will be double the previous penalty.
• The bill includes a compensation clause, ensuring financial support for victimised women.
• The law will apply throughout Assam and also covers cases where a resident of Assam enters a polygamous marriage outside the state after the law is implemented.
• Exemptions:
  • The law will not apply to Sixth Schedule areas, such as Bodoland Territorial Region, Karbi Anglong, and Dima Hasao.
  • Scheduled Tribes (STs) under Article 342 of the Constitution of India are exempt from the law.
• The bill proposes penalties for individuals assisting or facilitating illegal polygamous marriages, including Village Heads, Qazis, parents or guardians, if found knowingly involved, with punishment of up to 2 years imprisonment and fine up to Rupees 1 lakh.
• Any person knowingly solemnising an illegal marriage may face up to 2 years imprisonment and fine up to Rupees 1.5 lakh.
• Individuals convicted under this law will face civic restrictions, including ineligibility for public employment, disqualification from State-aided schemes, and prohibition from contesting elections to Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies.

About Assam:

• Chief Minister: Himanta Biswa Sarma
• Governor: Lakshman Prasad Acharya
• Capital: Dispur
• National Parks: Kaziranga National Park, Manas National Park, Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Orang National Park, Bura-Chapori Wildlife Sanctuary, Nameri Wildlife Sanctuary

RECENT NEWS

• In a forward‑looking move, the Chief Minister of Assam recently launched the CM Flight programme aimed at empowering the youth of Assam to pursue global careers. The initiative underscores the state government’s resolve to equip young people with skills, exposure, and opportunities that bridge local talent and international job markets.

National Cadet Corps Celebrates 78th Raising Day (23 November 2025)

• The National Cadet Corps celebrated its 78th Raising Day on 23 November 2025 across India with patriotic events, social service drives, and youth participation.
• A day earlier, on 22 November 2025, a wreath-laying ceremony was held at the National War Memorial in New Delhi to honour fallen soldiers.
• Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh and National Cadet Corps Director General Lieutenant General Virendra Vats laid wreaths at the memorial.
• Three National Cadet Corps Tri-Service girl cadets participated in the ceremony, representing youth commitment to national service.
• The tribute event concluded with a National Cadet Corps band performance by cadets from Delhi schools.
• The National Cadet Corps, established in 1948, began with 20,000 cadets and has now expanded to become the world’s largest uniformed youth organisation.
• The National Cadet Corps currently has 20 lakh cadets, showing an increase of 6 lakh cadets since 2014.
• The organisation now has a presence in 713 out of 780 districts, reflecting its wide national reach and inclusivity.
• National Cadet Corps cadets across India participated in multiple community-oriented activities, including:
  • Blood donation camps
  • Tree plantation drives
  • Swachhta Hi Sewa cleanliness campaigns
  • Anti-drug awareness activities under the Nasha Mukti Abhiyaan
• These activities reinforced the National Cadet Corps focus on social responsibility, environmental conservation, and community welfare.
• During the celebrations, Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh appreciated the National Cadet Corps role in fostering discipline, leadership, and national character among youth.
• Recent initiatives within the National Cadet Corps include:
  • Apda Mitra disaster-response training for cadets
  • A successful National Cadet Corps Mount Everest expedition
  • Introduction of Drone technology and Cybersecurity training modules to prepare cadets for future security and technological challenges.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

India–UAE Co-Chair Third Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement Joint Committee Meeting in New Delhi

• India and UAE held the 3rd Joint Committee meeting under India–UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) in New Delhi, co-chaired by Ajay Bhadoo (India) and Juma Al Kait (UAE).
• Both sides noted that bilateral trade crossed USD 100.06 billion in FY 2024–25, marking a 19.6% growth, reaffirming the UAE as a key trading partner of India.
• The India-UAE Joint Commission continues as the main mechanism to review CEPA implementation, progress and challenges.
• Detailed discussions were held on market access, data sharing, Gold TRQ allocation, anti-dumping issues, services, Rules of Origin, and BIS licensing.
• India informed the UAE about its decision to allocate Gold TRQ via a transparent competitive bidding process.
• Both sides reviewed recent high-level engagements involving Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal and H.E. Dr. Thani, reaffirming commitment to boost non-oil/non-precious metal trade toward the USD 100 billion target by 2030.
• Talks included cooperation in pharmaceutical regulations, resolving issues related to Certificates of Origin, improving BIS coordination, and early signing of the APEDA–MoCCAE MoU on Food Safety & Technical Requirements.

Bangladesh’s ex-Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina sentenced to death by ICT for 2024 student protest atrocities

• Bangladesh’s former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has been sentenced to death by the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) for crimes against humanity during the 2024 student-led protests.
• Hasina, living in India since her government collapsed in August 2024, was convicted for ordering the killing of 12 unarmed protesters in Dhaka and Ashulia on 5 August 2024.
• Among the victims, five were burned after death, and one was allegedly burned alive.
• She also received a life-term sentence for inciting violence, directing the use of lethal weapons, and authorising attacks using helicopters and drones.
• The verdict has triggered intense political reactions across Bangladesh and is expected to influence the February 2026 national elections.
• The International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) is a special Bangladeshi court established in 2009 by then PM Sheikh Hasina to try individuals accused of atrocities during the 1971 Liberation War.
• India continues to shelter Sheikh Hasina, similar to its earlier protection from 1975–1981 after Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s assassination.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

India and Nepal launch 19th edition of joint military exercise ‘Surya Kiran 2025’ in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand

• The Indian Army (IA) and Nepal Army (NA) commenced the 19th edition of the India–Nepal joint military exercise ‘Surya Kiran 2025’ in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand.
• The exercise will continue until 8 December 2025 and aims to enhance counter-terrorism capabilities, jungle and mountain warfare skills, and operational interoperability between the two forces.

Key Highlights :

• ‘Surya Kiran’ is an annual military exercise conducted alternately in India and Nepal, with the 18th edition held in January 2025 at Saljhandi, Nepal.
• The exercise aims to jointly rehearse sub-conventional operations under Chapter VII of the United Nations (UN) mandate.
• The first edition of the Surya Kiran exercise was held in 2011 in Mizoram, India.
• It includes battalion-level coordination, jungle warfare, counter-terrorism operations in mountainous terrain, Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR), medical response, environmental conservation, and integrated ground–aviation operations.
• Surya Kiran 2025 emphasizes emerging technologies such as Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), drone-based ISR, AI-enabled decision support tools, unmanned logistic vehicles, and armoured protection platforms.
• The Indian contingent comprises 334 personnel, primarily from the Assam Regiment, while the Nepalese contingent also has 334 personnel from the Devi Datta Regiment.
• Both armies conduct joint drills, exchange best practices, and strengthen defence cooperation, training, doctrine sharing, and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
• The exercise demonstrates mutual commitment to stability, confidence building, and shared border security.

About Nepal:

• President : Ram Chandra Poudel
• Prime Minister : Sushila Karki
• Capital : Kathmandu
• Currency : Nepalese Rupee (NPR).

INS Sahyadri Holds Joint Naval Exercise with Philippine Navy Ahead of Manila Port Visit

• INS Sahyadri, an indigenously designed and built stealth frigate, conducted a naval exercise with the Philippine Navy before its port call at Manila, Philippines.
• The ship is on operational deployment in the Indo-Pacific, participating in multilateral and bilateral exercises including MALABAR-2025, AUSINDEX-2025, JAIMEX-25, and a maiden bilateral exercise with the Republic of Korea Navy.
• The exercise included tactical communication drills, navigation manoeuvres, Visit Board Search and Seizure (VBSS) drills, and flying operations to enhance professional synergy and mutual understanding between the two navies.
• The harbour phase will feature professional exchanges, cross-deck visits, and Subject Matter Expert Exchanges, along with cultural activities such as friendly sports, joint Yoga session, and aid to an orphanage.
• The visit highlights India’s commitment to strengthening defence ties with the Philippines, enhancing naval cooperation, and supporting peace, security, and stability in the Indo-Pacific.
• The deployment aligns with India’s Act East Policy and the vision of SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region), reinforcing India’s role in the maritime domain.

India and Indonesia Hold 3rd Defence Ministers’ Dialogue in New Delhi, Resolve to Strengthen Strategic Defence Cooperation

• The third India–Indonesia Defence Ministers’ Dialogue was co-chaired by Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh and Indonesia’s Defence Minister Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin in New Delhi on 27 November 2025, reaffirming the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.
• The Ministers recalled the 2025 Republic Day visit of Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto, noting that it strengthened the India–Indonesia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, including participation of 352 Indonesian Armed Forces personnel.
• Both nations emphasised a free, open, peaceful and stable Indo-Pacific, guided by international law and supported by ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP) and India’s Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI).
• India and Indonesia agreed to enhance cooperation in maritime domain awareness, cyber resilience, and joint operational readiness, including collaboration through the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) under India’s chairmanship.
• The Dialogue strengthened bilateral defence ties under the Defence Cooperation Agreement and the Joint Defence Cooperation Committee, and Indonesia appreciated India’s proposal for a Joint Defence Industry Cooperation Committee for technology transfer, joint R&D, certification harmonisation, and supply-chain linkages.
• Both sides reviewed progress in joint military exercises, including Super Garuda Shield, Garuda Shakti, Samudra Shakti, MILAN, and upcoming Air Manoeuvre Exercises, and agreed to continue officer exchanges, joint training, and defence education visits.

Indian Naval Landing Craft Utility 51, 54 & 57 Make Port Call to Colombo, Sri Lanka

• Three Indian Naval Ships – Landing Craft Utility (LCU 51, LCU 54 and LCU 57) visited Colombo, Sri Lanka from 22–25 November 2025 as part of a port call.
• The ships received a ceremonial welcome from the Sri Lanka Navy (SLN) on arrival at Colombo.
• During the Operational Turnaround (OTR), Commanding Officers met the High Commissioner of India to Sri Lanka and the Commander Western Naval Area (CWNA).
• Discussions focused on operational interoperability, maritime initiatives, and future collaborative engagements between the two navies.
• A friendly volleyball match was held between personnel of the Indian Navy and Sri Lanka Navy, promoting camaraderie and mutual goodwill.
• A ship-visit programme was organised for SLN officers and sailors to understand the operational capabilities of the LCUs.
• The visit by LCUs from the Andaman and Nicobar Command further strengthened bilateral naval engagement between India and Sri Lanka.
• The port call reinforced the tradition of friendship, mutual respect, and naval cooperation between both countries.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Canara Bank names Sunil Kumar Chugh as Executive Director for three-year term from 24 November 2025

• Canara Bank appointed Sunil Kumar Chugh as Executive Director with effect from 24 November 2025 for a 3-year tenure.
• Prior to this, Chugh served as Chief General Manager at Punjab National Bank (PNB).
• He has 30 years of experience in the banking sector.
• At PNB, Chugh led multiple transformational initiatives, contributing to digital, retail, and corporate banking strategies.
• He managed large corporate branches in Kolkata, Ahmedabad, and Mumbai at the erstwhile Oriental Bank of Commerce.
• His experience covers Corporate Credit, Foreign Exchange, Recovery and Resolution of Stressed Assets, and Credit Monitoring.

About Canara Bank:

• Founded: 1906
• Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
• Managing Director & CEO: K. Satyanarayana Raju
• Tagline: "Together We Can"

CURRENT AFFAIRS : ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS

Reserve Bank of India Approves 1729 Capital’s Post-Facto Acquisition of 7.14% Stake in Suryoday Small Finance Bank

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) granted post-facto approval to 1729 Capital, a SEBI-registered Foreign Portfolio Investor (FPI), for acquiring a 7.14% stake in Suryoday Small Finance Bank (SSFB), increased from its 3.81% holding as of 30 September 2025.
• The approval is subject to compliance with the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999, and all applicable SEBI regulations.
• Post-facto approval means authorization granted after the acquisition has already taken place, allowing the investment to be validated retrospectively.
• The RBI removed the earlier restriction that capped 1729 Capital’s voting rights below 5%, enabling the investor to exercise full voting rights corresponding to its 7.14% shareholding.
• Any future increase in holding to 5% or more will again require prior RBI approval, even if the stake falls below 5% at any point later.
• The investor must comply with RBI’s Master Direction on acquisition and holding of shares or voting rights in banking companies, ensuring adherence to fit-and-proper criteria and ownership guidelines.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Technology Development Board -Department of Science & Technology  Approves Funding for Indigenous EV Charger Commercialisation to Boost Clean Mobility and Atmanirbhar Bharat Goals

• The Technology Development Board (TDB) under the Department of Science & Technology (DST) has approved financial support to Electrowaves Electronics Private. Limited., Parwanoo (Himachal Pradesh) for commercialising Indigenously Designed, Developed and Manufactured EV Chargers.
• The initiative promotes clean mobility, self-reliance, and aligns with Atmanirbhar Bharat by reducing dependence on imported EV charging solutions.

Key Highlights :

• Electrowaves Electronics has developed in-house AC and DC fast chargers along with key components such as Power Modules, Insulation Monitoring Device, and Communication Controllers.
• The company’s DC fast chargers operate in the 30–240 kW range, featuring 15 kW and 30 kW Power Converter Modules with 100–1000 VDC output and 100A maximum current.
• The technology includes a PLC Communication Controller compliant with DIN SPEC 70121 and partially with ISO 15118, and an OCPP Communication Controller compliant with OCPP 1.6J and OCPP 2.0.1.
• A Universal DC Charge Controller with full HMI design has been engineered, along with AC Type-2 chargers suitable for domestic and public charging.
• TDB’s support will help scale production of competitive, India-made EV chargers, strengthen the electric mobility ecosystem, and support India’s goals of net-zero emissions.
• The initiative enhances domestic supply chains in strategic energy and clean-tech sectors, boosting India’s global competitiveness in the EV industry.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration releases new images of Comet 3I/Atlas, a billions-year-old interstellar object

• The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) released new images of Comet 3I/Atlas,an interstellar object believed to be billions of years old.
• The images were captured by multiple missions, including Perseverance rover, MAVEN, Psyche, Lucy, and the PUNCH spacecraft.
• 3I/Atlas was first detected on 1 July 2025 by the ATLAS survey telescope in Río Hurtado, Chile.
• At the time of discovery, it was 670 million km from the Sun and will make its closest approach to Earth on 19 December 2025 at 170 million miles (~273 million km), nearly twice the Earth–Sun distance.
• 3I/Atlas is the third known interstellar object, after 1I/ʻOumuamua (2017) and 2I/Borisov (2019).
• Interstellar objects originate outside our Solar System and are not gravitationally bound to any star.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS AND AGREEMENT

Gavi and United Nations Children’s Fund Announce Breakthrough Pricing Agreement for R21/Matrix-M™ Malaria Vaccine

• Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) announced a new pricing agreement for the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine to improve global affordability and access.
• The agreement is supported by advance financing from the International Finance Facility for Immunisation (IFFIm), enabling conversion of long-term donor pledges into immediate operational funding.

Key Highlights

• The new agreement will reduce the future vaccine dose price to USD 2.99.
• The price reduction may generate savings of up to USD 90 million.
• The reduced cost is expected to enable procurement of approximately 30 million additional doses.
• This expansion will help fully vaccinate nearly 7 million additional children.
• The pricing shift supports Gavi’s goal to vaccinate 50 million children by 2030.
• The revised pricing structure is expected to be implemented within one year, helping build a competitive and sustainable vaccine market.
• As per recent global estimates (2023), there were 263 million malaria cases and 597,000 deaths, with 95% of deaths in Africa, mostly among children below five years.
• Treatment expenses remain high, with USD 4–7 for outpatient care and over USD 70 for severe cases requiring hospitalization, intensifying financial pressure on vulnerable health systems.
• The lower vaccine price is expected to save lives and significantly reduce healthcare expenditure in high-burden malaria regions.
• UNICEF, as the world’s largest vaccine procurer, delivers around three billion doses every year, ensuring negotiated prices and stable vaccine supply chains.
• Gavi currently supports more than 24 African countries responsible for over 70% of the global malaria burden and has already facilitated delivery of 40 million malaria vaccine doses under national immunisation programmes.
• The financing mechanism involves IFFIm, which provides fast and flexible funding to respond to vaccine demand and pricing opportunities.
• Ken Lay, Chairperson of the International Finance Facility for Immunisation Board, stated that this initiative is not only financing vaccines but advancing malaria elimination and ensuring equal protection for children worldwide.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

Rohit Sharma Becomes World No. 1 ODI Batsman in ICC Rankings (October 2025)

• The International Cricket Council updated the latest International Cricket Council Men’s One Day International rankings (October 2025), reflecting performances across formats.
• Rohit Sharma has become the World No. 1 One Day International batsman for the first time with 781 rating points.

Key Highlights

• He achieved the top ranking after an outstanding series against Australia, which included his 33rd One Day International century and the Player of the Series award.
• At 38 years old, he is now the oldest Indian cricketer to achieve the No. 1 One Day International batting position.
• Daryl Mitchell (New Zealand) is ranked second, marking a major milestone for his nation.
• India continues its strong presence in world cricket, as Shubman Gill, Virat Kohli, and Shreyas Iyer are also placed in the top 10 Men’s One Day International batting list, showing India’s dominance.

Top 10 International Cricket Council Men’s One Day International Batting Rankings (October 2025):

01. Rohit Sharma (India) – 781
02. Daryl Mitchell (New Zealand) – 766
03. Ibrahim Zadran (Afghanistan) – 764
04. Shubman Gill (India) – 745
05. Virat Kohli (India) – 725
06. Babar Azam (Pakistan) – 722
07. Harry Tector (Ireland) – 708
08. Shai Hope (West Indies) – 701
09. Shreyas Iyer (India) – 700
10. Charith Asalanka (Sri Lanka) – 690

• As of November 2025, Rohit Sharma is officially the No. 1 One Day International batsman in the world, overtaking Ibrahim Zadran and Shubman Gill.
• This update highlights the competitiveness of world cricket, with both established and emerging nations represented in the rankings.
• The ranking reinforces India’s batting depth and stability in One Day International cricket, while also showing the rise of new cricketing nations like Afghanistan and Ireland.

India Wins Women’s Kabaddi World Cup 2025

• The Indian women’s kabaddi team won the Women’s Kabaddi World Cup 2025 by defeating Chinese Taipei 35–28 in the final held in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• With this win, India successfully defended its title and reinforced its position as a global kabaddi leader.
• In the final match, India maintained a strong defensive structure and executed strategic raids, leading at halftime and later increasing momentum to secure a confident 35–28 win.
• The team was led by Captain Ritu Negi and Vice-Captain Pushpa Rana.
  • Pushpa Rana contributed with effective raids and solid defence.
  • Additional key contributions came from Champa Thakur, Bhawna Thakur, and Sakshi Sharma with strong all-round gameplay.
• Sanju Devi, a 23-year-old raider from Chhattisgarh, emerged as the breakout performer and was recognised as the standout player of the tournament.
• The coaching strategy played an important role, led by Head Coach Tejaswi and Assistant Coach Priyanka, who applied a well-planned approach including raiding combinations, defensive strategies, and timely substitutions.
• India also dominated the semi-final against Iran, securing the match through early all-outs and consistent tactical pressure.

International Shooting Sport Federation World Championship Rifle/Pistol 2025 Held in Cairo, Egypt

• The International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) World Championship Rifle/Pistol 2025 was held from 6 to 18 November 2025 in Cairo, Egypt.
• The event featured 720 shooters from 70 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) competing in individual and team rifle and pistol events.
• India finished third in the overall medal tally with 13 medals (3 gold, 6 silver, 4 bronze).
• India’s gold medals were won by:
  • Samrat Rana – Men’s 10m Air Pistol
  • Ravinder Singh – Men’s 50m Standard Pistol
  • Men’s 10m Air Pistol Team
• Silver medal achievers included:
  • Anish Bhanwala – Men’s 25m Rapid Fire Pistol (became the first Indian individual pistol shooter to win a medal in an Olympic discipline at ISSF World Championships)
  • Gurpreet Singh – 25m Centre Fire Pistol
  • Aishwary Pratap Singh Tomar – 50m Rifle 3 Positions
  • Esha Singh – Women’s 10m Air Pistol
  • Additional silver medals came from team and mixed events including Samrat Rana.
• Bronze medal winners included:
  • Esha Singh – Women’s 10m Air Pistol
  • Elavenil Valarivan – Women’s 10m Air Rifle
  • Varun Tomar – Men’s 10m Air Pistol
  • Women’s 10m Air Rifle Team
• In the global standings:
  • China topped the medal tally with 21 medals (12 gold)
  • South Korea ranked second with 14 medals (7 gold)
  • India ranked third with 13 medals
• Several new world records were set:
  • Jacob Hoffman (Germany) – Men’s Target Sprint
  • Tomasz Bartnik (Poland) – equalled world record in Men’s 300m Rifle 3 Positions
  • Yao Qianxun (China) – Women’s 50m Pistol with gold and new world record
  • Chinese Men’s 50m Rifle Prone Team – world record score of 1881.3
• The International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) was established in 1907 and is headquartered in Munich, Germany.
• The first ISSF World Shooting Championship was held in 1897 in Lyon, France.
• The last combined championship including rifle, pistol, and shotgun was held in 2023 in Baku, Azerbaijan.
• Rifle and pistol have since become a separate championship format, first organised in 2022 in Cairo, Egypt.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

National Milk Day observed on 26 November 2025

• National Milk Day was observed on 26 November 2025 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Dr. Verghese Kurien, known as the Father of the White Revolution in India.
• The day recognizes India’s transformation from a milk-deficient nation to the world’s largest milk producer, contributing nearly 25% of global milk production.
• The dairy sector supports over 8 crore farmers and plays a major role in improving nutrition through the supply of high-quality proteins, calcium, vitamins, and essential nutrients.
• India faced severe milk shortages in the 1950s and 1960s, despite having the world’s largest cattle population.
• A major turning point came with the establishment of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) in 1965 and the launch of Operation Flood in 1970, based on the successful Anand Cooperative model.
• Under the leadership of Dr. Verghese Kurien, a nationwide network of village-level dairy cooperatives was created, ensuring:
  • Fair pricing for farmers
  • Elimination of middlemen
  • Stable income for rural households
• Operation Flood became one of the world’s largest dairy development programmes, leading India toward self-sufficiency and surplus milk production.
• National Milk Day continues to highlight the importance of the dairy sector in enhancing rural livelihood, nutrition security, and India's cooperative development model.

Daily CA One- Liner: November 28

• The Government of Andhra Pradesh has approved the formation of three new districts, increasing the total number of districts in the state from 26 to 29
• The Election Commission of India is conducting the second round of the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls across 12 States and Union Territories to verify and update voter details as part of electoral modernisation efforts
• On the occasion of the 350th martyrdom anniversary of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur, Prime Minister Narendra Modi led the national tribute by unveiling a commemorative postage stamp, a special coin, and a coffee-table book dedicated to the Ninth Sikh Guru
• The Assam Government introduced the Assam Prohibition of Polygamy Bill, 2025 in the State Legislative Assembly
• The National Cadet Corps celebrated its 78th Raising Day on 23 November 2025 across India with patriotic events, social service drives, and youth participation
• Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) announced a new pricing agreement for the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine to improve global affordability and access
• The International Cricket Council updated the latest International Cricket Council Men’s One Day International rankings (October 2025), reflecting performances across formats

• The Indian women’s kabaddi team won the Women’s Kabaddi World Cup 2025 by defeating Chinese Taipei 35–28 in the final held in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• The International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) World Championship Rifle/Pistol 2025 was held from 6 to 18 November 2025 in Cairo, Egypt.
• The Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a USD 400 million Results-Based Lending (RBL) programme to upgrade roads under the Maharashtra Roads Connectivity for Inclusive Growth Program.
• The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) analysed Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI) data for FY 2024-25 and found high-risk cases where foreign assets were not reported in ITRs for AY 2025-26.
• India and UAE held the 3rd Joint Committee meeting under India–UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) in New Delhi, co-chaired by Ajay Bhadoo (India) and Juma Al Kait (UAE).
• Bangladesh’s former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has been sentenced to death by the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) for crimes against humanity during the 2024 student-led protests.
• The Indian Army (IA) and Nepal Army (NA) commenced the 19th edition of the India–Nepal joint military exercise ‘Surya Kiran 2025’ in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand.
• INS Sahyadri, an indigenously designed and built stealth frigate, conducted a naval exercise with the Philippine Navy before its port call at Manila, Philippines.
• The third India–Indonesia Defence Ministers’ Dialogue was co-chaired by Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh and Indonesia’s Defence Minister Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin in New Delhi on 27 November 2025, reaffirming the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.
• Three Indian Naval Ships – Landing Craft Utility (LCU 51, LCU 54 and LCU 57) visited Colombo, Sri Lanka from 22–25 November 2025 as part of a port call.
• Canara Bank appointed Sunil Kumar Chugh as Executive Director with effect from 24 November 2025 for a 3-year tenure.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) granted post-facto approval to 1729 Capital, a SEBI-registered Foreign Portfolio Investor (FPI), for acquiring a 7.14% stake in Suryoday Small Finance Bank (SSFB), increased from its 3.81% holding as of 30 September 2025.
• The Technology Development Board (TDB) under the Department of Science & Technology (DST) has approved financial support to Electrowaves Electronics Private. Limited., Parwanoo (Himachal Pradesh) for commercialising Indigenously Designed, Developed and Manufactured EV Chargers.
• The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) released new images of Comet 3I/Atlas,an interstellar object believed to be billions of years old.
• National Milk Day was observed on 26 November 2025 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Dr. Verghese Kurien, known as the Father of the White Revolution in India