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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Reserve Bank of India Fixes Final Redemption Price of Sovereign Gold Bonds 2018–19 Series II at ₹14,425 per Gram

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) fixed the final redemption price of Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGB) 2018–19 Series II at ₹14,425 per gram, with maturity on 23 October 2026.
• The SGB 2018–19 Series II bonds were issued on 23 October 2018 under the Government of India’s Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme and completed their eight-year maturity period in October 2026.
• The final redemption price is calculated using the simple average of the closing prices of 999-purity gold for the three preceding business days, as published by the India Bullion and Jewellers Association Ltd. (IBJA).
• Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGBs) are government securities denominated in grams of gold, issued by the RBI on behalf of the Government of India.
• SGBs allow investors to benefit from gold price movements without physically holding gold.
• SGBs carry a fixed interest rate of 2.5% per annum on the initial nominal investment, payable half-yearly.
• The final interest payment is made along with the principal amount at maturity, subject to the applicable payment schedule and holding period.
• The bonds have a total tenure of eight years, with an option for premature redemption after the fifth year on interest payment dates.
• The minimum investment under the SGB scheme is 1 gram of gold.
• The maximum investment limit per financial year is 4 kg for individuals and Hindu Undivided Families (HUFs) and 20 kg for trusts and similar institutions.
• The Government of India has paused/discontinued the issuance of new primary tranches under the Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi Opens Reserve Bank of India’s ₹169-Crore Data Centre and Cybersecurity Training Institute in Odisha

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) ₹169-crore data centre and Cybersecurity Training Institute in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, on 25 October 2026.
• The facility is spread across 55 acres at Info Valley-II in Jatni, Odisha, and its foundation stone was laid by then RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das on 22 March 2023.
• The Jatni data centre will be the RBI’s second data centre of this kind, following the existing facility in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• The data centre will host mission-critical payment and settlement systems and other flagship initiatives to strengthen the security, reliability and efficiency of India’s digital financial services.
• The facility is designed to provide a secure, resilient, scalable and future-ready computing ecosystem for the RBI and the broader financial sector.
• The Cybersecurity Training Institute will provide a dedicated platform for cybersecurity training, research, enterprise-technology training and capacity building across the financial sector.
• The facility aims to strengthen the cybersecurity capabilities and technological preparedness of institutions operating in India’s financial sector.
• The Jatni site was selected because of its geographical stability, as it is away from seismically active zones and high-risk international border areas, reducing exposure to natural disasters and geopolitical vulnerabilities.
• The inauguration was attended by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra, Odisha Governor Brajmohan Ram, Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi, Union Tribal Affairs Minister Jual Oram, and Odisha Deputy Chief Ministers Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo and Pravati Parida.

PhonePe and Digital Publisher Content Grievances Council Partner to Strengthen Regulatory Compliance and Grievance Redressal in India’s Over-the-Top Sector

• PhonePe and the Digital Publisher Content Grievances Council (DPCGC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to promote regulatory compliance and grievance redressal in India’s Over-the-Top (OTT)
• DPCGC is a Level II Self-Regulatory Organisation (SRO) established under the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, and is registered with the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB).
• Under the partnership, PhonePe will facilitate SRO certification for eligible merchants onboarding through its Payment Gateway, integrating regulatory compliance into the merchant onboarding process.
• The collaboration aims to educate existing and prospective OTT platforms and Online Curated Content Providers (OCCPs) about regulatory requirements, the Code of Ethics, and applicable grievance-redressal mechanisms.
• The initiative will help OTT platforms obtain SRO certification more smoothly, improve regulatory awareness, and strengthen consumer grievance-redressal practices in India’s digital content industry.

 CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

Ladakh Declared India’s First 100% Organic Union Territory

• Vinai Kumar Saxena, Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh, declared Ladakh India’s first 100% organic Union Territory, marking a significant step towards sustainable agriculture and environmental protection in the Himalayan region.
• The transition to fully organic agriculture is expected to create new opportunities for farmers by increasing the value of locally grown organic produce and improving market access, price realisation and sustainable livelihoods.

Key Highlights

• The Lieutenant Governor highlighted the importance of organic certification, improved post-harvest management, value addition, branding and stronger market linkages to help farmers reach consumers seeking authentic, traceable and organically produced food.
• Ladakh’s organic farming initiative covers crops such as apricots, sea buckthorn, buckwheat, barley and vegetables. The policy also extends to floriculture, including lily cultivation.
• In July 2026, the Lieutenant Governor ordered a complete prohibition on the procurement, distribution, sale, marketing and use of chemical and synthetic fertilisers for agricultural activities across Ladakh.
• In March 2026, consignments of organic fertilisers were dispatched for distribution among farmers across Ladakh’s villages to ensure timely availability before the sowing season and support farmers during the transition.
• According to a Ladakh government spokesperson, chemical fertilisers and pesticides have been banned in the region. Violations may attract a penalty of ₹10,000 or more.
• The initiative aims to safeguard Ladakh’s fragile Himalayan ecosystem, improve soil and water health, preserve traditional farming practices and enhance farmers’ incomes. Ladakh’s geographical conditions and agricultural traditions could also offer a model for sustainable high-altitude farming.

About Ladakh:

• Lieutenant Governor: Vinai Kumar Saxena
• Capital: Leh
• National Parks: Hemis National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary, Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary

Kerala Government Approves Cooperative Sector’s Entry into Airline Services

• The Kerala Government has granted permission to the Kerala Civil Aviation Development Cooperative Society to launch airline services, according to Chief Minister V. D. Satheesan.
• The initiative is intended to introduce airline operations through the cooperative sector for the first time in India, as claimed by the Chief Minister.
• The announcement was made during the silver jubilee celebrations of the Calicut City Service Cooperative Society, where the Chief Minister inaugurated the event.

Key Highlights

• The proposed airline project will be spearheaded by C. N. Vijayakrishnan, Chairman of the MVR Cancer Centre. A team associated with the MVR Cancer Centre and the Calicut City Service Cooperative Society will work on the initiative.
• The Chief Minister also announced that the state government would guarantee deposits made by people in the cooperative sector. He said depositors in cooperative banks should receive assurance similar to that available to customers of nationalised and scheduled banks.
• Referring to the Onam season, he said the government had put more money into the hands of ordinary people and economically weaker sections. According to him, increased consumer spending helped stimulate economic activity.
• He also claimed that the Kerala Government recorded its highest-ever revenue in the previous month since the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax.

About Kerala:

• Chief Minister: D. Satheesan
• Governor: Om Prakash Mathur
• Capital: Thiruvananthapuram
• National Parks: Eravikulam National Park, Periyar National Park, Silent Valley National Park, Mathikettan Shola National Park, Anamudi Shola National Park, Pambadum Shola National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary, Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary, Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary, Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary, Kurinjimala Wildlife Sanctuary

Department of Commerce Extends Export Promotion Mission’s Resilience and Logistics Intervention for Export Facilitation Scheme

• The Department of Commerce, under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, has extended the timelines under Component II of the Resilience and Logistics Intervention for Export Facilitation initiative until 31 March 2027.
• The extension addresses continued geopolitical disruptions in West Asia and their impact on maritime logistics across the Gulf and neighbouring regions.
• The initiative is a time-bound intervention under the Export Promotion Mission.
• Component II encourages exporters to obtain insurance cover from the Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India for upcoming shipments to specified regions by providing 95% risk coverage.
• The benefit applies to Standalone Policies and Whole Turnover Policies obtained on or after 16 March 2026.

Key Highlights

• Under this component, the premium payable by eligible exporters is protected against increases beyond pre-disruption levels during the eligible period.
• The covered cargo categories include Full Container Load, Less than Container Load and refrigerated containers. Energy shipments are excluded.
• Exporters seeking coverage under the initiative must submit their claims and supporting documents through the Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India customer portal at www.ecgcltd.in.
• The Resilience and Logistics Intervention for Export Facilitation initiative was launched on 19 March 2026 to support Indian exporters facing exceptional increases in freight costs, higher insurance premiums and war-related export risks caused by disruptions in the Gulf and the wider West Asian maritime corridor.

National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Hosts India’s First Artificial Intelligence and Food Technology Hackathon

• The National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, hosted Hack the Fork, described as India’s first Artificial Intelligence and Food Technology Hackathon, focused on using artificial intelligence to address real-world challenges in the alternative protein industry.
• The 24-hour hackathon was inaugurated by Alice Pjie, Director of Hack the Fork, on 24 October 2026 and concluded on 25 October 2026.
• Participating teams presented their innovative solutions before an expert jury.

Key Highlights

• The event was organised by Hack the Fork, a France-based non-profit initiative, in collaboration with the National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli.
• It aimed to bring together young innovators, researchers and technology enthusiasts to develop artificial intelligence-driven solutions for sustainable food systems.
• From more than 85 applicant teams, 25 teams were shortlisted for the final round.
• Of these, 22 teams from 10 states, comprising more than 90 participants, took part in the innovation challenge.
• Participants represented diverse disciplines and institutions, including Indian Institutes of Technology, Indian Institutes of Information Technology and the University of Delhi.
• The event was coordinated by Dr. Vimal Pant, Professor at the National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, and Chief Executive Officer of the National Technical Textiles Innovation and Business Incubation Foundation.
• The hackathon received mentoring support from:
• Chaitanya Chilukuri, Science and Technology Associate, Good Food Institute India.
• Svarnim Samant, Regional Mentor, Good Food Institute India.
• Dr. Saurabh Jain, Associate Professor, Indian Institute of Information Technology Sonepat.
• Abhishek Shukla, Research Scholar, University of Delhi.
• The winning teams competed for prizes worth ₹1.5 lakh and opportunities to enter the National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli’s Startup Incubation Programme.

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Proposes Mandatory Advanced Emergency Braking Systems for Cars from October 2030

• The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has proposed making Advanced Emergency Braking Systems mandatory for all new car models from October 2030 to improve road safety and reduce accidents.
• According to the draft notification, Advanced Emergency Braking Systems will become mandatory for existing car models already in production before October 2030 from October 2032.

Key Highlights

• Advanced Emergency Braking Systems automatically apply the brakes when a driver fails to respond to an emergency.
• The technology is designed to help avoid collisions or reduce their impact.
• The government has also introduced measures to improve the braking performance and safety of medium and heavy-duty vehicles, particularly trucks.
• A revised braking standard for trucks has been mandated with effect from 1 October 2027 to improve braking performance.
• Electronic Stability Control Systems will also become mandatory for trucks from 1 October 2027.
• These systems help maintain vehicle stability, particularly when braking on curves.
• These measures form part of the government's efforts to strengthen vehicle safety standards and reduce road accidents through improved braking and vehicle stability technologies.

Digital India BHASHINI Division Launches Konkani Large Language Model at Goa Artificial Intelligence Technology Conclave 2026

• The Digital India BHASHINI Division, under Digital India Corporation, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India, participated in the Goa Artificial Intelligence Technology Conclave 2026, held at INOX, Panaji.
• Organised by the Department of Information Technology, Electronics and Communications, Government of Goa, the conclave was held under the theme “Artificial Intelligence for People, Planet and Progress.”
• A major highlight of the inaugural session was the launch of the BHASHINI Konkani Large Language Model (LLM), designed to improve the ability of artificial intelligence systems to understand and generate Konkani through text and speech, strengthening language technology rooted in Goa’s linguistic identity.

Key Highlights

• Konkani uses multiple scripts, including Devanagari, Roman and Kannada, making it important to develop language resources that represent its linguistic diversity.
• The BHASHINI team presented its approach to developing the Konkani Large Language Model, highlighting high-quality language data, content generation and human validation.
• The presentation explained how Bhasha Daan and the proposed Data Daan pilot project could bring together educational institutions, language experts and Konkani-speaking communities to expand language resources.
• Through Bhasha Daan, BHASHINI enables people to contribute language resources that support the development and improvement of artificial intelligence models.
• The proposed Data Daan pilot project in Goa aims to expand content creation, digitisation and validation by involving colleges, institutions, language experts and Konkani-speaking communities.
• BHASHINI's speech technology was deployed during the inaugural session to provide real-time speech translation and transcription of addresses delivered by the goa Chief minister, the Information Technology Minister and other dignitaries.
• The demonstration showcased Konkani-to-English and English-to-Konkani translation, facilitating multilingual communication.
• Granthika can complement Bhasha Daan by supporting the digitisation of Konkani's literary and cultural heritage, including books, manuscripts and literary works. It can also help preserve folk tales, local histories and the memories and lived experiences of senior citizens, creating a richer digital repository for future generations and artificial intelligence applications.
• About the Digital India BHASHINI Division: The Digital India BHASHINI Division, operating under Digital India Corporation and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, is developing India's language-first Digital Public Infrastructure to enable multilingual access to digital services. BHASHINI brings together datasets, artificial intelligence models, application programming interfaces and applications to improve digital accessibility across Indian languages.
• BHASHINI platform statistics: The platform powers more than 800 government websites, has recorded over 9 billion cumulative inferences and supports more than 24 million inferences daily. It supports 36 Indian languages for text, 23 Indian languages for voice and 35 international languages.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

Summary of Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk’s India Visit from October 21–23, 2026

• Donald Franciszek Tusk, Prime Minister (PM) of Poland, undertook a three-day official visit to India from 21 to 23 October 2026 at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• This was Donald Tusk’s second official visit to India as Poland’s Prime Minister, following his earlier visit in 2010.
• Tusk was accompanied by Andrzej Domański, Poland’s Minister of Finance and Economy, and a high-level delegation comprising around 100 CEOs and industry representatives.
• During his visit to Hyderabad House, New Delhi, Donald Tusk met Prime Minister Narendra Modi to review the India–Poland Strategic Partnership established in 2024.
• Both leaders endorsed the mid-term review of the India–Poland Action Plan (2024–2028), which was finalised during External Affairs Minister Jaishankar’s visit to Warsaw in September 2026.
• India and Poland agreed to expand cooperation in cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence (AI), emerging technologies and maintenance systems.
• The India–Poland Business Forum was held on 22 October 2026 in New Delhi, Delhi, and on 23 October 2026 in Bengaluru, Karnataka.
• The business forum was organised through collaboration between the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the Polish Investment and Trade Agency (PAIH).
• The forum focused on promoting business collaboration in industrial machinery, defence, infrastructure, pharmaceuticals, mining, critical minerals, energy, and Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
• India and Poland agreed to double bilateral trade to USD 6 billion by 2030.
• Both countries agreed to establish a Defence Industry Dialogue to strengthen cooperation in the defence sector.
• India and Poland agreed to initiate counter-terrorism talks to enhance cooperation on security-related issues.
• The two countries agreed to launch a Startup Bridge and technology hackathons to promote innovation, entrepreneurship and technological collaboration.
• Poland joined the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI), an international initiative focused on strengthening infrastructure resilience against disasters.
• Donald Tusk announced that Poland–India Partnership Day would be observed annually on 30 March.
• 30 March was chosen to commemorate the establishment of diplomatic relations between India and Poland in 1954.

About Poland :

• President : Karol Nawrocki
• Prime Minister : Donald Tusk
• Capital : Warsaw
• Currency : Złoty

National Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Sign Five-Year Memorandum of Understanding to Strengthen Agricultural Research and Scientific Collaboration

• India’s National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) signed a five-year Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the United States-based Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) to strengthen agricultural research, scientific collaboration, capacity development and knowledge exchange.
• The MoU was signed on 20 October 2026 during the 2026 Norman E. Borlaug International Dialogue held in Des Moines, Iowa, USA, from 20 to 22 October 2026.
• The 2026 Norman E. Borlaug International Dialogue was organised by the World Food Prize Foundation (WFPF) under the theme “Before Hunger Wins.”
• The agreement establishes a framework for educational programmes, publications and scientific exchanges between India and the USA.
• The key focus areas of the MoU include food and nutrition security, water availability and quality, Artificial Intelligence (AI), digital farming tools, biotechnology and gene editing.
• Under the agreement, NAAS and CAST will jointly organise webinars and workshops to promote agricultural science and knowledge sharing.
• The two organisations will jointly produce science communication or policy-related publications to support the exchange of scientific knowledge and policy recommendations.
• The MoU also includes leadership exchange programmes aimed at strengthening scientific organisations and enhancing their contributions to public policy.

About NAAS : 

• Established : 1990 and is a premier Indian institution promoting excellence in agricultural sciences.
• Headquarters : New Delhi, Delhi, and works to recognise distinguished scientists and provide scientific inputs for agricultural policymaking.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS

Shabari Naturals Wins Japan’s Global Design Award for Tribal Art-Inspired Packaging

• Shabari Naturals, a Maharashtra Government initiative promoting products associated with tribal communities and forest gatherers, has won the Global Design Award (G-Mark) for its distinctive packaging inspired by traditional tribal art.
• The initiative is managed by the Nashik-headquartered Shabari Tribal Finance and Development Corporation. Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted the achievement during his monthly radio programme, Mann Ki Baat.
• The product packaging features traditional art forms such as Warli, Gond and Chitrakathi, along with legends from tribal culture.
• The designs give the products a premium appearance while presenting the richness, cultural heritage and sustainability of tribal life to global consumers.

Key Highlights

• The Japan Institute of Design Promotion will present the award in Tokyo on 4 November 2026. Leena Bansod, Managing Director of the Shabari Tribal Finance and Development Corporation, will receive the award on behalf of the Maharashtra Government.
• The award gives Shabari Naturals the official right to display the G-Mark logo on its product packaging. The logo serves as an international mark of recognition for design quality and aesthetics.
• Shabari Naturals supports tribal livelihoods by marketing natural products, including wild honey, unpolished rice, pulses, millets, spices and handmade traditional artefacts.
• The packaging has been designed to showcase the traditional art, lifestyle and connection with nature of Maharashtra’s tribal communities.
• An international jury of the Good Design Award selected the packaging design, recognising its cultural value, sustainability and innovative presentation. The brand had previously received the India Design Mark Award.
• Maharashtra Tribal Development Minister Dr Ashok Uike described the award as recognition of tribal culture and the hard work and livelihoods of tribal communities.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS AND AGREEMENT

Centre for Development of Telematics Partners with Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) to Establish Sixth Centre of Excellence

• The Centre for Development of Telematics, the research and development centre of the Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications, signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, to establish its sixth Centre of Excellence.
• The partnership aims to strengthen India’s indigenous telecommunications innovation ecosystem by combining the Centre for Development of Telematics’ domestic telecommunications research capabilities with the academic expertise of the Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University).

Key Highlights

• The Centre of Excellence will provide a dedicated platform for collaborative research, technology development and capacity building in emerging communication technologies.
• The centre will focus on wireless communications, quantum technologies, cybersecurity and artificial intelligence-driven communication systems.
• Its major research areas will include Fifth Generation Advanced and Sixth Generation technologies, very large-scale Multiple-Input Multiple-Output systems, Integrated Sensing and Communication, artificial intelligence-native communication networks and devices, and quantum and post-quantum communication technologies.
• The inauguration of the Centre of Excellence followed the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding and was attended by senior officials and faculty members.
• The new centre expands the Centre for Development of Telematics’ national network of six Centres of Excellence. Its existing academic collaborations include:
• Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
• Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
• Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
• Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
• Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, through the Foundation for Science Innovation and Development.

International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore Signs Academic Cooperation Agreement with Poland’s AGH University of Krakow

• The International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore signed a Memorandum of Understanding with AGH University of Krakow, Poland, to collaborate on research and academic activities in Artificial Intelligence, quantum technologies and other emerging fields.
• The agreement was exchanged on 23 October 2026 during the Polish-Indian Business Meeting in Bengaluru, in the presence of Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk and Karnataka Deputy Chief Minister D. K. Shivakumar.

Key Highlights

• The agreement was signed by Professor Debabrata Das, Director of the International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, and Rao Maddukuri, Senior Advisor at AGH University of Krakow.
• The partnership provides a framework for joint research projects, academic programme development and the exchange of academic materials. It also includes academic mobility opportunities for students and faculty members through international exchange activities.
• Other proposed areas of cooperation include joint seminars, symposia, educational conferences, career guidance events, online and offline academic activities, and winter and summer schools.
• The collaboration could provide students and researchers with opportunities to engage with an international academic community and explore research in emerging technology fields.
• The agreement establishes a framework for cooperation; specific exchange programmes, eligibility criteria, application dates and the launch of joint courses had not been announced in the provided information.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

Ministry of Home Affairs and Indian Army Launch Joint Training Programme for 600 Civil Defence Master Trainers in 12 States/Union Territories

• The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and the Indian Army (IA) launched a first-of-its-kind joint training initiative to strengthen India’s Civil Defence preparedness.
• The initiative aims to fulfil Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of building a vibrant Civil Defence network equipped with modern systems, technologies and contemporary preparedness capabilities.
• The vision of a vibrant Civil Defence network was announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his Independence Day address on 15 August 2026 from the Red Fort.
• The initiative is being implemented by the Directorate General of Fire Services, Civil Defence and Home Guards (DGFSCDHG) under the Ministry of Home Affairs, in coordination with the Indian Army.
• In the first phase, a total of 600 Civil Defence Master Trainers from 12 States and Union Territories (UTs) will undergo specialised training.
• Each participating State/UT is proposed to nominate 50 Civil Defence Master Trainers for the programme.
• The first phase will feature a three-day specialised training programme by the second week of November 2026 at designated Indian Army training establishments.
• The 12 participating States/UTs are Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
• The training will cover three major areas: Threat Awareness, Protection and Emergency Response, and Communication and Coordination.
• Threat Awareness training will include modern and hybrid warfare, drone awareness and air-raid threats.
• Protection and Emergency Response training will cover critical infrastructure protection, fire safety, Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) awareness, casualty management, search and rescue.
• Communication and Coordination training will include emergency communication, cyber hygiene, digital resilience, civil-military coordination and incident command.
• The initiative follows a structured Master Trainer Model, which creates a multiplier effect by spreading specialised Civil Defence skills through cascading training.
• After completing the specialised training, each Master Trainer will train 100 Civil Defence Volunteers in their respective State/UT.
• The initiative has the potential to extend specialised preparedness skills to 60,000 Civil Defence Volunteers across the 12 participating States/UTs.

Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh to Head India’s Delegation at 13th Association of Southeast Asian Nations Defence Ministers’ Meeting-Plus in the Philippines

• Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh will lead the Indian delegation at the 13th Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Defence Ministers’ Meeting-Plus (ADMM-Plus) in Cebu, Philippines, from 28 to 29 October 2026.
• Rajnath Singh will address the forum on “Exchange of Views on Regional and International Security Issues.”

Key Highlights :

• On the sidelines of ADMM-Plus, the Raksha Mantri will hold bilateral meetings with defence counterparts from participating countries to review existing defence ties and explore ways to strengthen strategic partnerships.
• The ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting (ADMM) is the highest defence consultative and cooperative mechanism within ASEAN.
• ADMM-Plus brings together 10 ASEAN member states and eight Dialogue Partners, including India, the United States, China, Russia, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand.
• The 10 ASEAN member states are Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Vietnam.
• India became a Dialogue Partner of ASEAN in 1992, and the inaugural ADMM-Plus meeting was held in Hanoi, Vietnam, on 12 October 2010.
• Since 2017, ADMM-Plus Defence Ministers have met annually to strengthen defence cooperation between ASEAN member states and the eight Dialogue Partners.
• The Philippines holds the chairmanship of ADMM-Plus for 2026.
• Under the ADMM-Plus framework, India is co-chairing the Experts Working Group on Counter-Terrorism with Malaysia for the 2024–2027 cycle.
• India’s participation in ADMM-Plus strengthens its defence diplomacy in Southeast Asia under the Act East Policy, which aims to promote regional peace, stability and collective growth.

Indian Naval Ship Trishul Arrives at Civitavecchia, Italy, During Mediterranean Sea Deployment

• Indian Naval Ship (INS) Trishul arrived at Civitavecchia, Italy, on 25 October 2026, during its operational deployment to the Mediterranean Sea.
• INS Trishul conducted a Passage Exercise (PASSEX) with the Italian Naval Ship Carlo Margottini before entering the harbour.
• The PASSEX included coordinated manoeuvring drills, communication procedures, replenishment approaches, cross-deck landings, personnel transfers and boarding operations.
• The exercise promoted the exchange of best practices and enhanced operational synergy between the Indian Navy and the Italian Navy.
• The port call aims to strengthen India–Italy maritime cooperation through professional interactions, cultural visits and exchanges.
• INS Trishul will be open to visitors to showcase the Indian Navy’s maritime traditions and capabilities.

Ministry of Defence Partners with IndiaAI Mission to Develop a Secure Military AI Layer, Says Defence Secretary RK Singh

• Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh stated that the Ministry of Defence (MoD) is collaborating with the IndiaAI Mission to develop a dedicated military AI layer for India’s armed forces.
• The proposed military AI layer will use secure domestic computing infrastructure to support military decision-making, target acquisition and data fusion, enabling a more integrated sensor-to-shooter loop.
• The computing infrastructure required for the military AI layer has already been procured, and the MoD plans to work with private companies selected under the IndiaAI Mission to develop indigenous AI capabilities.
• The initiative aims to strengthen India’s technological sovereignty in critical military AI capabilities and reduce dependence on external technologies.
• The blueprint for integrated theatre commands, designed to improve jointness among the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force, has been prepared and is awaiting approval at the highest level.
• The proposed integrated theatre commands aim to coordinate military operations across land, sea, air, space and cyberspace.
• The Defence Secretary stated that India signed its first Security and Defence Partnership with the European Union (EU) alongside the conclusion of the India–EU Free Trade Agreement.
• Greece and Cyprus could serve as gateways for Indian defence companies to participate in Europe’s ReArm Europe programmes, either directly or through joint ventures in Europe.
• European defence companies can establish joint ventures in India to gain access to the Indian defence market.
• European companies entering India’s defence sector must meet the Make in India requirement of at least 50% localisation, compared with approximately 25% localisation in Europe.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SUMMITS & CONFERENCES

19th Urban Mobility India Conference and Exhibition 2026 Opens in Bhubaneswar, Odisha

• The 19th Urban Mobility India (UMI) Conference and Exhibition 2026 was inaugurated by Union Minister of State for Housing and Urban Affairs Tokhan Sahu in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, on 23 October 2026.
• The two-day conference was held on 23–24 October 2026 at Hotel Mayfair Sanctuary, Bhubaneswar, and was organised by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) through the Institute of Urban Transport (India), with support from the Government of Odisha.
• The theme of the conference was “Urban Accessibility and Liveability in the Digital Age”, focusing on improving urban transport infrastructure and quality of life through digital technologies.
• The conference discussed sustainable and low-carbon public transport, seamless multimodal integration, first- and last-mile connectivity, reduced traffic congestion and emissions, and inclusive urban mobility.
• The Urban Mobility India Conference is an annual initiative of MoHUA organised under the National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP), 2006.
• The National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP), 2006 emphasises capacity building at State and city levels and the development of equitable and sustainable urban transport systems.
• The conference provides a platform to share national and international best practices, emerging technologies and innovative solutions in urban mobility.
• India’s operational metro rail network expanded from 248 km in 2014 to over 1,185 km across 26 cities, with an additional 998 km under development.
• The National Urban Conclave 2026 was scheduled for 24–25 October 2026 in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, following the UMI Conference and Exhibition.
• The Urban Invest Window (UiWIN) Journal, launched by HUDCO, aims to support States and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) through project development, capacity building and the preparation of investment-ready urban infrastructure projects.
• The Samarthya Platform, launched for the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO), is an integrated portal for knowledge management and capacity building in water supply, used water and solid waste management.
• The updated Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Urban 2.0 (PMAY-U 2.0) mobile application was e-launched to support the implementation of urban housing initiatives.
• The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for PMAY-U Awards 2027 was released to establish performance assessment parameters for States and strengthen the implementation of urban housing programmes.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPS & PORTALS

Union Rural Development Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan Unveils Upgraded National Mobile Monitoring System App with Enhanced Security for Viksit Bharat-Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin)

• Union Rural Development Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan launched the upgraded National Mobile Monitoring System (NMMS) 2.0 mobile application on 23 October 2026 to strengthen attendance monitoring under the Viksit Bharat-Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) (VB-G RAM G).
• The upgraded NMMS 2.0 app aims to prevent fake attendance, app tampering and fraudulent recording of workers’ attendance under the rural employment programme.
• The enhanced application was developed with technical support from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT-M), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, and relevant technical agencies.
• The new version incorporates Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based verification and robust device-level security to improve the reliability of attendance records.
• The application allows offline attendance recording, with attendance data uploaded after muster roll closure.
• The app provides authorised exceptions in cases of face authentication failure or technical issues.
• Face authentication was introduced in March 2026 to address concerns about fake attendance under the earlier Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
• According to the Minister, the current rural employment programme was launched on 1 July 2026.
• At the time of the announcement, 23 lakh worksites were active under the programme.
• Employment had been provided to more than 65 crore workers belonging to 2.89 crore rural households.
• The programme had generated approximately 46 crore person-days of employment, of which around 40 crore person-days had been recorded through face authentication.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Technology Development Board-Department of Science and Technology Provides ₹116 Crore Research Development and Innovation Support to Manastu Space for Indigenous Green Propulsion Technology Development

• The Technology Development Board (TDB), under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, signed an agreement with Manastu Space Technologies Private Limited, based in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, to support indigenous space technology development.

Key Highlights :

• The TDB will provide ₹116 crore in financial assistance to Manastu Space Technologies under the Research Development and Innovation (RDI) Fund.
• The project has a total estimated cost of ₹277.63 crore and focuses on developing a scalable, integrated green propulsion system for satellites and launch vehicles.
• The propulsion system is designed to cover a wide range of thrust requirements, from 5 millinewtons (mN) to 300 newtons (N).
• The project aims to advance the technology from Technology Readiness Level (TRL)-6 to TRL-9, enabling further development, validation and deployment.
• The financial assistance will be provided through Optionally Convertible Debt (OCD).
• Manastu Space Technologies is developing an indigenous green propulsion system to provide a complete propulsion solution for both satellites and launch vehicles.
• The technology uses a hydrogen peroxide-based green propellant with additives, supported by an integrated engine and catalyst system.
• The green propulsion technology aims to improve performance and cost efficiency while reducing operational challenges associated with conventional propellants.
• The system features a scalable architecture that can meet propulsion requirements ranging from small satellites to higher-thrust applications.
• The project includes the development of propulsion engines, propellant feed systems and an ultra-high-temperature ceramic catalyst designed for reliable operation under demanding conditions.
• The propulsion system has already been demonstrated in space, and the project will build on this foundation through further engineering, system integration, testing and validation.
• The initiative aims to improve the performance, reliability and deployment readiness of green propulsion systems for wider use in satellite and launch vehicle applications.
• The project belongs to the Deep Technology sector, with Space Technology as its sub-sector.
• The initiative aims to strengthen India’s indigenous space technology capabilities, reduce dependence on externally sourced technologies, and promote safer, more efficient and cost-effective space missions.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : ENVIRONMENT

New Eyeless, Nearly Transparent Freshwater Cave Snail Discovered in China’s Yunnan Province

• Erhaia dijiang is a newly described freshwater cave snail belonging to the family Erhaiidae, discovered for the first time in China.
• The species was discovered deep inside a high-altitude mountain cave in Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, at an elevation of 2,062 metres above sea level.

Key Highlights :

• Erhaia dijiang is the first freshwater cave snail documented in China and has the highest recorded elevation for a cave snail in the family Erhaiidae.
• The discovery was published in the scientific journal Subterranean Biology in 2026.
• The snail is classified as a troglobiont, meaning an organism adapted to live exclusively in caves.
• Erhaia dijiang has lost its functional eyes and body pigmentation, which are adaptations to living in complete darkness.
• It has a nearly transparent, cone-shaped shell and long, slender tentacles, which are characteristic adaptations to its underground environment.
• The species shows strong photophobia, as laboratory observations found that the snails retreated under rocks and into dark spaces when exposed to light.
• The species was named after Di Jiang, a faceless mythical creature described in the ancient Chinese text Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shan Hai Jing).
• The snail inhabits shallow cave waters less than one metre deep, among submerged gravel and broken rocks.
• The cave water has a temperature of approximately 20°C.
• Researchers found the snails within two metres of the cave entrance, but they were not observed in nearby streams, even after seasonal rains.
• The first field investigation was conducted in August 2025, during which researchers found three living adult snails and one empty shell.
• No juveniles were found, raising concerns about the species’ population size and long-term survival.
• The discovery has raised conservation concerns because only three living adult individuals were recorded and the species has a highly restricted cave habitat.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

Ahmedabad to Host World Weightlifting Championships 2029 for the First Time in India

• Ahmedabad, Gujarat, has been awarded the hosting rights for the World Weightlifting Championships 2029, marking the first time the international competition will be held in India.
• The International Weightlifting Federation confirmed Gujarat as the host following its Executive Board meeting in Ningbo, People’s Republic of China.
• The federation also announced the hosts for other upcoming championships:
• 2030 World Weightlifting Championships – Moscow, Russia.
• 2028 World Youth Weightlifting Championships – Prishtina, Kosovo.
• 2028 World Junior Weightlifting Championships – Caracas, Venezuela.

Key Highlights

• Gujarat has recently hosted major weightlifting competitions, including the Asian Weightlifting Championships in Gandhinagar. Ahmedabad will also host the 2030 Commonwealth Games.
• The World Weightlifting Championships, organised by the International Weightlifting Federation, were first held in 1891. The first Women’s World Weightlifting Championships took place in 1987, and the first combined men’s and women’s championships were held in 1991.
• The 2025 World Weightlifting Championships were held in Førde, Norway. The upcoming edition is scheduled to take place in Ningbo, China, from 27 October to 8 November 2026. Yerevan, Armenia, will host the 2027 edition, while Caracas, Venezuela, has been allocated the 2028 edition.
• Indian weightlifters have won 18 medals at the World Weightlifting Championships to date, comprising 3 gold, 10 silver and 5 bronze medals.
• Kunjarani Devi became the first Indian to win a medal at the World Weightlifting Championships, securing silver in the women’s 44-kilogram category in Manchester in 1989. Lalita Polley also won a medal at the same edition, earning bronze.
• Karnam Malleswari won consecutive world titles in the women’s 54-kilogram category in 1994 and 1995.
• Mirabai Chanu, an Olympic medallist, became world champion in the 48-kilogram category in 2017.

India Finishes Fourth at Asian Para Games 2026 with a Record 114 Medals

• India finished fourth at the Asian Para Games 2026 in Aichi-Nagoya, Japan, securing its best-ever tally of 114 medals — 30 gold, 35 silver and 49 bronze.
• India surpassed its previous best of 111 medals at the Hangzhou Asian Para Games 2023, where it won 29 gold, 31 silver and 51 bronze medals to finish fifth.

Key Highlights

• The fifth edition of the continental multi-sport event featured athletes from 45 National Paralympic Committees (NPCs) competing across 18 sports. India competed in 11 sports.
• Para-athletics contributed the highest number of medals, with 65 medals, including 22 gold, 19 silver and 24 bronze. The remaining eight gold medals came from para-archery, para-badminton and para-shooting.
• India's sport-wise medal tally was para-athletics – 65, para-badminton – 16, para-swimming – 11, para-archery – 6, para-shooting – 5, para-judo – 2, para-powerlifting – 2 and para-table tennis – 7.
• Sheetal Devi was among India's most successful athletes, winning three medals — two gold and one silver. She won gold in the women's compound archery event and, with Toman Kumar, set a world record of 1,402 points in the compound mixed-team qualification round.
• Other athletes who won three medals each included Thulasimathi Murugesan (one gold and two silver), Ravi Budigina (two silver and one bronze) and Himanshu Nandal (three bronze).
• Mona Agarwal, Nishad Kumar, Pranav Soorma, Simran and Dilip Gavit each won two gold medals across para-shooting and para-athletics.
• Indian athletes established several records during the Games:
• Haney set a world record of 60.49 metres in the men's javelin throw F37/F38 event.
• Sandeep Kumar set a world record in the men's 400-metre T64 event with a time of 52.28 seconds.
• Mona Agarwal set a world record in the women's 50-metre rifle three positions SH1 shooting event with a score of 357.5.
• Sheetal Devi and Toman Kumar set a world record with 1,402 points in the compound mixed-team archery qualification round.
• Sumit Antil, a two-time Paralympic champion, successfully defended his men's javelin throw title. India completed a podium sweep in the men's javelin throw F42–F44/F61–F64 event, with Mahendra Gurjar winning silver and Sandip Sanjay Sargar winning bronze.
• India also swept all three medals in the men's shot put F46, men's discus throw F43/F44/F62/F64 and men's high jump T42/T63 events, according to the source report.
• The top ten teams in the overall medal tally were:

• India's medal winners included Mona Agarwal and Avani Lekhara in para-shooting; Nishad Kumar, Deepthi Jeevanji, Simran, Dilip Gavit, Sandeep Kumar, Sumit Antil and Pranav Soorma in para-athletics; Ravi Budigina and Himanshu Nandal in para-swimming; Sheetal Devi, Toman Kumar and Harvinder Singh in para-archery; and Nitesh Kumar, Naveen Sivakumar, Thulasimathi Murugesan and Pramod Bhagat in para-badminton. Other medal winners represented para-judo, para-powerlifting and para-table tennis.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

United Nations Day 2026 – 24 October

• United Nations Day is observed annually on 24 October to commemorate the establishment of the United Nations (UN) and promote international peace, cooperation and collective action.
• The 2026 theme provided in the source is “Restoring Trust, Managing Transformation.” This wording should be verified against an official United Nations announcement before being used as a confirmed theme.
• The United Nations Conference on International Organization was held in San Francisco, United States, in 1945, with representatives from 50 countries participating in the process of drafting the United Nations Charter.
• The United Nations Charter came into force on 24 October 1945, marking the official establishment of the United Nations.
• The United Nations works to maintain international peace and security, prevent conflicts, strengthen cooperation among countries, reduce poverty and inequality, and promote sustainable development.
• The United Nations promotes action on climate change and encourages countries to transition towards renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, while reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
• The organisation supports initiatives related to gender equality, the welfare of older persons, poverty reduction and global peace through its programmes and international observances.
• The five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States. India, Turkey and Canada are not permanent members.

World Development Information Day – 24 October 2026

• World Development Information Day is observed annually on 24 October to draw public attention to development challenges and encourage international cooperation through improved access to information.
• The observance highlights the role of information and communication technologies in raising public awareness, supporting international trade and helping countries address development-related issues.
• On 17 May 1972, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development considered the importance of information in promoting development and reducing conflicts between nations.
• On 19 December 1972, the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 3038 (XXVII), establishing World Development Information Day.
• The day was first observed on 24 October 1973. The date also coincides with United Nations Day.
• The observance encourages the use of information and communication technologies to improve the flow of information, increase public awareness of development problems and strengthen cooperation among countries.

Indo-Tibetan Border Police Raising Day 2026 – 24 October

• The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) observed its 65th Raising Day on 24 October 2026, commemorating its establishment in 1962 following the  India–China War.
• The force operates under the motto “Shaurya, Dridhta, Karmanishtha”, which reflects courage, determination and dedication to duty.
• The Indo-Tibetan Border Police was established on 24 October 1962 in the aftermath of the India–China War to strengthen border security in the Himalayan region.
• The force was initially raised under the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) framework and subsequently developed into a specialised border-guarding force.
• The Indo-Tibetan Border Police guards India's border with China across the Himalayan region, covering areas from Ladakh to Arunachal Pradesh.
• Its personnel operate in challenging high-altitude terrain and severe weather conditions, requiring specialised training, physical endurance and mountaineering skills.
• The force is organised into multiple battalions, with specially trained personnel deployed in forward areas to help safeguard India's borders.
• The Indo-Tibetan Border Police undertakes border surveillance, patrols, security duties and other responsibilities assigned to it by the government.
• Raising Day recognises the service and sacrifices of ITBP personnel. The occasion also provides an opportunity to honour officers and personnel for bravery and distinguished service through medals and awards.

Daily CA One- Liner: October 27

• Vinai Kumar Saxena, Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh, declared Ladakh India’s first 100% organic Union Territory, marking a significant step towards sustainable agriculture and environmental protection in the Himalayan region
• The Kerala Government has granted permission to the Kerala Civil Aviation Development Cooperative Society to launch airline services, according to Chief Minister D. Satheesan.
• The Department of Commerce, under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, has extended the timelines under Component II of the Resilience and Logistics Intervention for Export Facilitation initiative until 31 March 2027
• The National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, hosted Hack the Fork, described as India’s first Artificial Intelligence and Food Technology Hackathon, focused on using artificial intelligence to address real-world challenges in the alternative protein industry
• The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has proposed making Advanced Emergency Braking Systems mandatory for all new car models from October 2030 to improve road safety and reduce accidents
• The Digital India BHASHINI Division, under Digital India Corporation, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India, participated in the Goa Artificial Intelligence Technology Conclave 2026, held at INOX, Panaji
• Shabari Naturals, a Maharashtra Government initiative promoting products associated with tribal communities and forest gatherers, has won the Global Design Award (G-Mark) for its distinctive packaging inspired by traditional tribal art
• The Centre for Development of Telematics, the research and development centre of the Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications, signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, to establish its sixth Centre of Excellence
• The International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore signed a Memorandum of Understanding with AGH University of Krakow, Poland, to collaborate on research and academic activities in Artificial Intelligence, quantum technologies and other emerging fields
• Ahmedabad, Gujarat, has been awarded the hosting rights for the World Weightlifting Championships 2029, marking the first time the international competition will be held in India
• India finished fourth at the Asian Para Games 2026 in Aichi-Nagoya, Japan, securing its best-ever tally of 114 medals — 30 gold, 35 silver and 49 bronze
• United Nations Day is observed annually on 24 October to commemorate the establishment of the United Nations (UN) and promote international peace, cooperation and collective action
• World Development Information Day is observed annually on 24 October to draw public attention to development challenges and encourage international cooperation through improved access to information
• The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) observed its 65th Raising Day on 24 October 2026, commemorating its establishment in 1962 following the India–China War
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) fixed the final redemption price of Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGB) 2018–19 Series II at ₹14,425 per gram, with maturity on 23 October 2026.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) ₹169-crore data centre and Cybersecurity Training Institute in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, on 25 October 2026.
• PhonePe and the Digital Publisher Content Grievances Council (DPCGC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to promote regulatory compliance and grievance redressal in India’s Over-the-Top (OTT)
• Donald Franciszek Tusk, Prime Minister (PM) of Poland, undertook a three-day official visit to India from 21 to 23 October 2026 at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• India’s National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) signed a five-year Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the United States-based Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) to strengthen agricultural research, scientific collaboration, capacity development and knowledge exchange.
• The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and the Indian Army (IA) launched a first-of-its-kind joint training initiative to strengthen India’s Civil Defence preparedness.
• Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh will lead the Indian delegation at the 13th Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Defence Ministers’ Meeting-Plus (ADMM-Plus) in Cebu, Philippines, from 28 to 29 October 2026.
• Indian Naval Ship (INS) Trishul arrived at Civitavecchia, Italy, on 25 October 2026, during its operational deployment to the Mediterranean Sea.
• Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh stated that the Ministry of Defence (MoD) is collaborating with the IndiaAI Mission to develop a dedicated military AI layer for India’s armed forces.
• The 19th Urban Mobility India (UMI) Conference and Exhibition 2026 was inaugurated by Union Minister of State for Housing and Urban Affairs Tokhan Sahu in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, on 23 October 2026.
• Union Rural Development Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan launched the upgraded National Mobile Monitoring System (NMMS) 2.0 mobile application on 23 October 2026 to strengthen attendance monitoring under the Viksit Bharat-Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) (VB-G RAM G).
• The Technology Development Board (TDB), under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, signed an agreement with Manastu Space Technologies Private Limited, based in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, to support indigenous space technology development.
• Erhaia dijiang is a newly described freshwater cave snail belonging to the family Erhaiidae, discovered for the first time in China.