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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Reserve Bank of India Calls on Banks and Non-Banking Financial Companies to Leverage Digital Public Infrastructure to Enhance Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Credit Access

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has urged banks and Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) to use India’s Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) to expand credit access to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
• RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra made these remarks in Kochi ahead of International MSME Day 2026 (22 June 2026).

Key Highlights :

• Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) refers to shared digital systems enabling identity, payments, data exchange, and service delivery at scale.
• Key DPI tools highlighted for MSME credit include Account Aggregator (AA) framework, Unified Lending Interface (ULI), Trade Receivables Discounting System (TReDS), GST data trails, and Aadhaar-enabled authentication.
• The Account Aggregator (AA) framework is a consent-based financial data-sharing system under India’s digital financial architecture.
• The AA framework enabled lending worth ₹3.5 trillion in FY26, showing strong potential for expansion in digital credit delivery.
• The Unified Lending Interface (ULI) enables lenders to access borrower data such as GST filings, bank statements, utility records, and land records through a single consent-based system.
• The Trade Receivables Discounting System (TReDS) is an electronic platform for invoice discounting and receivables financing.
• As of 31 December 2025, credit outstanding to MSMEs by scheduled commercial banks stood at ₹36.79 trillion.
• The MSME sector recorded a CAGR of 15% in credit growth over the last five financial years, indicating strong formal credit expansion.
• MSMEs contribute 31% of India’s GDP, around 35% of manufacturing output, and nearly 50% of merchandise exports, supporting over 320 million people.
• RBI emphasized the need for lenders to strengthen Priority Sector Lending (PSL) and government schemes such as MUDRA, PM-SVANIDHI, PM Vishwakarma, and CGTMSE.
• MUDRA (Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency) and CGTMSE (Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises) support collateral-free and guaranteed lending to small businesses.
• RBI highlighted MSMEs as long-term business partners, promoting relationship banking combined with digital credit systems.
• MSMEs are classified under the MSME Development Act, 2006, covering micro, small, and medium enterprises.
• The overall focus is to build a more inclusive, technology-driven, and scalable credit ecosystem for MSME growth aligned with Viksit Bharat objectives.

Zerodha Fund House Launches India’s First Target-Date (Lifecycle) Mutual Funds for 2036 and 2041

• Zerodha Fund House, India’s first passive-only, direct-only Asset Management Company (AMC), launched India’s first Lifecycle (Target-Date) Mutual Funds.
• The newly launched schemes are Zerodha Life Cycle Fund 2036 and Zerodha Life Cycle Fund 2041, with 10-year and 15-year maturity periods
• These funds received approval from the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in February 2026 and are designed for automated goal-based long-term investing.
• The funds allow investors to choose a target year, after which the portfolio is automatically managed through a glide-path strategy.

About Lifecycle funds :

• Lifecycle funds (Target-Date Funds) are structured to gradually shift asset allocation from high-risk equity to low-risk debt as the maturity year approaches.
• The asset allocation includes equity (Nifty LargeMidcap 250 Index), debt (Government Securities), gold and silver commodities, and arbitrage strategies.
• These funds are treated as equity funds for taxation purposes, offering Long-Term Capital Gains (LTCG) benefits, with no lock-in period and a minimum investment of ₹100.
• The New Fund Offer (NFO) period is from 19 June 2026 to 7 July 2026.
• Globally, target-date funds manage over USD 4 trillion in assets, highlighting their growing popularity in retirement and long-term planning.

World Bank Approves $1.5 Billion Financing for India to Boost Private Sector Job Creation and Economic Growth Reforms

• The World Bank’s Board of Executive Directors approved $1.5 billion financing for India to support structural reforms for private sector-led job creation and economic growth.
• The funding is part of the Boosting Job Creation in the Private Sector Development Policy Financing (DPF) Operation, aimed at strengthening employment generation and investment-led growth.

Key Highlights :

• The Development Policy Financing (DPF) is a World Bank instrument that provides budget support for policy and institutional reforms.
• The operation focuses on reforms in taxation, trade, investment, labour regulation, entrepreneurship, and access to capital.
• India consolidated 29 labour laws into 4 Labour Codes in November 2025, improving regulatory simplification and ease of doing business.
• The four Labour Codes are:

1. Code on Wages
2. Industrial Relations Code
3. Code on Social Security
4. Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code

• The reforms aim to enhance labour participation of women, reduce barriers to entrepreneurship, and streamline trade and investment systems.
• India adds about 11 million young people to the workforce every year, creating a major employment challenge over the next two decades.
• The DPF supports job creation for this annual workforce through private capital formation and business expansion.
• The programme builds on reforms like tax simplification, trade integration, GST reforms, and improved ease of doing business framework.
• It promotes a shift toward outcome-driven governance, regulatory predictability, and reduced compliance burden.
• India’s employment increased from 452 million (2017–18) to 604 million (2023–24), reflecting strong job creation.
• The unemployment rate declined from 6.0% to 3.2%, indicating improved labour market conditions.
• Around 9 million women joined regular wage employment, highlighting inclusive workforce participation.
• The programme aligns with Viksit Bharat @2047 vision and the World Bank Country Partnership Framework (FY26–31).
• The initiative complements World Bank Group IFC investments in MSMEs and financial inclusion.
• Key investments include:
• $97 million in Aditya Birla Capital
• $100 million in L&T Finance
• $150 million in HDB Financial Services
• $242 million in Everstone Capital Partners Fund V

About World Bank:

• The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.
• The World Bank consists of 5 institutions: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), The International Development Association (IDA), The International Finance Corporation (IFC), The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).
• Founded Year: 1944
• Headquarters: Washington, D.C., United States
• President: Ajay Banga
• Members:189 countries

Punjab National Bank and Zaggle Launch Biodegradable Co-Branded Twin Credit Cards in India

• Punjab National Bank (PNB), a leading Public Sector Bank (PSB) of India, has partnered with Zaggle Prepaid Ocean Services Limited to launch biodegradable “PNB–Zaggle Co-branded Twin Credit Cards”.
• The initiative offers customers access to both Visa and RuPay networks through a twin-card proposition, combining global reach with domestic payment convenience.
• The cards are designed to merge lifestyle benefits with sustainability, and will be available across India.
• PNB and Zaggle have signed a 5-year partnership agreement for the issuance and distribution of these co-branded credit cards.
• The twin-card system integrates the global acceptance and travel privileges of Visa with the lifestyle and domestic benefits of RuPay, along with UPI-enabled payment convenience.
• The cards will be accessible through the money mobile application.
• Key benefits include railway and airport lounge access, Over-The-Top(OTT) subscriptions, fitness memberships, travel and shopping vouchers, dining offers, fuel surcharge waivers, personal accident insurance cover, and a 5% discount on jewellery purchases.

About Punjab National Bank (PNB) :

• Founded : 1894
• Headquarters : New Delhi.
• PNB is recognized as India’s first wholly Swadeshi bank and the second-largest public sector bank in the country.

Reserve Bank of India Exempts Collateral Requirement for Agriculture Loans up to ₹2 Lakh and Revises Lead Bank Scheme

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) directed banks to exempt agricultural and allied sector loans up to ₹2 lakh per borrower from collateral security and margin requirements under the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme.
• The move aims to strengthen collateral-free lending to the agriculture sector and improve credit access for farmers.
• Banks are required to waive collateral security and margin requirements for agricultural and allied activity loans up to ₹2 lakh per borrower.
• The RBI clarified that voluntary pledge of gold and silver as collateral within the collateral-free limit will not be treated as a violation of lending norms.
• Banks must obtain and retain an explicit declaration from borrowers in such cases of voluntary collateral pledge.
• The RBI also released the final guidelines for the Lead Bank Scheme (LBS) to strengthen district-level banking coordination.
• Under the Lead Bank Scheme, the RBI will designate a commercial bank as Lead Bank in each district to coordinate banking activities with the Government and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).
• Every Lead Bank must appoint a Lead District Manager (LDM) exclusively for each district under its jurisdiction.

Reserve Bank of India Issues Revised Kisan Credit Card Framework for Uniform Implementation Across Banks

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has revamped the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme, introducing a standardised crop season definition to ensure uniform loan processing and repayment.
• The updated framework is issued under the KCC Directions, 2026, which will be applicable to loans sanctioned from 1 January 2027.
• The reform aims to provide adequate and timely credit support from the banking system for borrowers engaged in agriculture and allied activities.
• The scheme covers both working capital requirements and investment credit needs of farmers under the KCC framework.
• Loans sanctioned prior to 1 January 2027 will continue to follow the existing guidelines until their maturity or next renewal.
• The directions apply to all major lending institutions including Commercial Banks (CBs), Small Finance Banks (SFBs), Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), and Rural Co-operative Banks (RCBs).

 CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

Ladakh Establishes Snow Leopard and High-Altitude Nature (SHAN) Conservation Society

• Lieutenant Governor Vinai Kumar Saxena approved the constitution of the Snow Leopard and High-Altitude Nature (SHAN) Conservation Society in Ladakh.
• It is the first-of-its-kind dedicated institutional mechanism for wildlife conservation, biodiversity management and community-led environmental stewardship in Ladakh.
• The Society has been constituted under the Department of Forest, Ecology and Environment, Ladakh.
• The Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh will serve as the Chairman of the Society.
• The Society aims to strengthen conservation efforts across Ladakh’s fragile mountain and cold desert ecosystems.
• Its mandate includes conservation of snow leopards, co-existing wildlife species, alpine flora, wetlands and other ecologically sensitive habitats.
• The Society will undertake scientific monitoring, biodiversity research, mitigation of human-wildlife conflicts, community-based conservation programmes, promotion of eco-tourism and sustainable livelihood initiatives.
• The Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) is the State Animal of Ladakh.
• It is classified as ‘Vulnerable’ on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
• The species is popularly known as the “Ghost of the Mountains.”
• Snow Leopard is considered a keystone species of the Trans-Himalayan ecosystem, and its presence indicates the ecological health of high-altitude regions.
• According to the 2024 Snow Leopard Population Assessment in India, India's Snow Leopard population stands at 718 individuals.
• Snow Leopards are found in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.
• The species is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
• It is also covered under Project Snow Leopard, India's flagship programme for in-situ conservation of the species.

About Ladakh (Union Territory):
• Lieutenant Governor: Vinai Kumar Saxena
• Capital: Leh (summer), Kargil (winter)
• Districts: Leh and Kargil
• National Parks: Hemis National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary, Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary

National Green Hydrogen Mission Approves ₹22 Crore Support for 9 Startups

• Union Minister for Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Pralhad Joshi approved the first batch of ₹22 crore support for 9 startups under the ₹100 crore Startup Support Programme of the National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM).
• The announcement was made during a workshop on the National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM) organised by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
• During the event, the Minister launched the Green Hydrogen Certification Portal of India (GHCI).
• The Green Hydrogen Certification Portal of India (GHCI) will facilitate certification and regulatory compliance under the Green Hydrogen Certification Scheme of India.
• The Startup Support Programme aims to promote innovation, indigenous technology development and entrepreneurship in the green hydrogen sector.
• According to the Minister, 6 states have notified dedicated Green Hydrogen Policies.
• 7 states have integrated hydrogen into their existing industrial and renewable energy policy frameworks.
• 4 states are currently in the process of finalising their Green Hydrogen Policies.
• States have introduced facilitation measures such as Capital Expenditure (CapEx) subsidies, electricity duty waivers and wheeling charge waivers to encourage green hydrogen projects.
• The National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM) was launched in 2023 with a total outlay of ₹19,744 crore.
• The mission aims to achieve at least 5 million metric tonnes of Green Hydrogen production capacity annually by 2030.
• The initiative is expected to reduce dependence on fossil fuel imports, strengthen energy security and support India's clean energy transition.

About Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution

• Cabinet Minister: Pralhad Joshi
• Ministers of State: B. L. Verma and Nimuben Jayantibhai Bambhaniya
• Lok Sabha Constituency of Pralhad Joshi: Dharwad

Khurasani Imli of Madhya Pradesh Receives Geographical Indication Tag

• Khurasani Imli from Mandu in Dhar district, Madhya Pradesh, has been awarded the prestigious Geographical Indication (GI) Tag.
• The recognition protects the authenticity, identity and cultural heritage of this unique fruit while promoting its commercial value and market recognition.
• Despite its name, Khurasani Imli is not the common tamarind (Tamarindus indica); it is the fruit of the African Baobab Tree (Adansonia digitata).
• The fruit is known for its distinctive sweet-sour taste, cream-of-tartar flavour, nutritional value and medicinal properties.
• The Baobab tree is popularly known as Mandu Imli, Gorilla Tamarind, Monkey Bread Tree and Upside-Down Tree.
• The tree is famous for its massive bottle-shaped trunk and ability to store large quantities of water, helping it survive prolonged drought conditions.
• Mandu hosts India's largest natural cluster of Baobab trees, making the region uniquely associated with Khurasani Imli.
• The Geographical Indication (GI) Tag was granted because of the fruit's unique geographical association, historical significance and distinctive characteristics linked to the Mandu region.
• The GI Tag ensures that only genuine producers from the designated area can market the product as "Mandu Ki Khurasani Imli."
• Historical accounts suggest that Baobab trees were introduced to Central India around the 15th century.
• One theory states that the Sultan of Khurasan gifted Baobab saplings to Alauddin Khilji, which later reached the rulers of the Malwa region.
• Another theory links the arrival of Baobab trees to Arab traders and African soldiers who carried the seeds as a nutritious food source.
• Historically, Baobab trees were planted along important travel routes, where their nutrient-rich fruits helped travellers and soldiers combat thirst and fatigue.
• Over time, Khurasani Imli became an important symbol of Mandu’s cultural, ecological and historical heritage.

About Madhya Pradesh:

• Chief Minister: Mohan Yadav  
• Governor: Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
• Capital: Bhopal  
• National Parks: Kanha National Park, Bandhavgarh National Park, Pench National Park, Panna National Park.
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Bori Wildlife Sanctuary, Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary, Ken Gharial Sanctuary, Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary.

RECENT NEWS

• State government of Madhya Pradesh partnered with the Google Cloud India for the Simhastha Kumbh 2028 in Ujjain. With this Google Cloud India set to deploy the AI solutions for crowd management, traffic prediction, emergency response and the pilgrim assistance. This collaboration also includes the creation of the major AI innovation centre in Indore.

West Bengal Budget 2026-27 Presented with Outlay of ₹4.38 Lakh Crore

• The Government of West Bengal presented a ₹4.38 lakh crore Budget for 2026-27, focusing on employment generation, infrastructure development, women's welfare, education and social security.
• The Budget was presented by Finance Minister Swapan Dasgupta in the State Legislative Assembly.
• The government announced the filling of 1 lakh government vacancies and provided 33% reservation for women in state government recruitment.
• An additional 20% Dearness Allowance (DA) was announced over the existing 18%, taking the total Dearness Allowance (DA) for state government employees to 38%.
• Pensioners will receive an additional 20% Dearness Relief (DR) with effect from 1 October 2026.
• A major infrastructure announcement was the development of a second greenfield airport near Kolkata on 1,000–1,500 acres near Kalyani to reduce congestion at Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport and improve regional connectivity.
• The Budget also proposed a deep-sea port at Dadanpatrabar in Purba Medinipur to strengthen maritime trade, logistics and industrial development.
• ₹10 crore was allocated for the expansion of Cooch Behar Airport, while land will be provided for the expansion of Hasimara Air Force Station and Kalaikunda Air Force Station.
• Metro rail services were proposed for Durgapur, Asansol and Siliguri.
• Mini indoor stadiums will be established in all Assembly constituencies across the state.
• The government proposed establishing an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) and an Indian Institute of Management (IIM) in North Bengal.
• Annapurna Yojana was allocated ₹36,000 crore and will replace the Lakshmir Bhandar Scheme.
• ₹550 crore was allocated for free bus services for women.
• Students studying in government and government-aided colleges will receive ₹30,000 financial assistance, while unmarried girl students will receive a one-time assistance of ₹50,000.
• Around 25 lakh additional beneficiaries will receive benefits under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY).
• Employment under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) has been increased from 100 days to 125 days annually.
• A Welfare Board will be established for gig workers and Ayushman Bharat Health Cards will be provided to migrant labourers.
• Monthly remuneration of Civic Volunteers, Green Police and Home Guards has been increased by ₹2,000, while Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers and Para Teachers will receive an additional ₹5,000.
• A Tagore Cultural Centre will be established to preserve the legacy of Rabindranath Tagore.
• ₹50 crore was allocated for anti-erosion works in Jangipur, Murshidabad.
• The Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) Development Fund was increased from ₹70 lakh to ₹1 crore annually.
• Major departmental allocations include Women and Child Development & Social Welfare (₹52,308.50 crore), Panchayats and Rural Development (₹51,836.55 crore) and School Education (₹44,948.21 crore).

About West Bengal:

• Chief Minister: Suvendu Adhikari
• Governor: N. Ravi
• Capital: Kolkata
• National Parks: Sundarbans National Park, Jaldapara National Park, Buxa National Park, Gorumara National Park, Neora Valley National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Sajnekhali Wildlife Sanctuary, Bibhutibhushan Wildlife Sanctuary, Bethuadahari Wildlife Sanctuary, Ballavpur Wildlife Sanctuary, Haliday Island Wildlife Sanctuary

RECENT NEWS

• The sate of West Bengal set to become the 36th State/Union Territory t implement the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) and it marks the significant milestone in country’ journey towards the universal health coverage.

India to Host BRICS National Security Advisers Meeting 2026

• India will host the two-day BRICS National Security Advisers (NSA) Meeting under its BRICS Presidency.
• The meeting will be chaired by National Security Adviser Ajit Doval and will bring together National Security Advisers and senior security officials from BRICS member countries.
• The meeting serves as an important platform for discussing global and regional security issues, strategic cooperation and policy coordination among BRICS nations.
• The theme of the meeting is “Non-Traditional Security Challenges Confronting the World Today.”
• Discussions will focus on emerging security threats such as cybersecurity, artificial intelligence-related risks, information warfare, terrorism, critical infrastructure security, cross-border organised crime and digital security.
• Member countries are expected to exchange views on evolving global security trends and explore areas for enhanced cooperation.
• A major focus of the meeting will be the security implications of emerging technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, deepfakes, autonomous systems and cyber tools.
• The participants will discuss measures related to responsible use of technology, cyber resilience, prevention of technology-enabled crimes and protection of critical digital infrastructure.
• The meeting will also review the outcomes of recent BRICS Joint Working Group on Counter-Terrorism meetings.
• Counter-terrorism discussions will cover issues such as terror financing, radicalisation, cross-border terrorism, intelligence sharing and capacity building.
• Key participants expected at the meeting include Ajit Doval (India), Wang Yi (China), Sergei Shoigu (Russia) and senior security representatives from other BRICS countries.
• India is hosting a series of BRICS meetings throughout 2026 as part of its rotating presidency of the grouping.
• The BRICS grouping currently comprises 11 member countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
• The meeting is expected to strengthen cooperation among BRICS nations in addressing emerging global security challenges and promoting a coordinated response to non-traditional threats.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Rajya Sabha Chairman C.P. Radhakrishnan Swears In Re-Elected MP Neeraj Dangi

• Vice President of India and Chairman, Rajya Sabha, P. Radhakrishnan administered the oath of office to re-elected Rajya Sabha member Neeraj Dangi at Parliament House, New Delhi.
• Neeraj Dangi represents the state of Rajasthan in the Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Parliament).
• He took the oath in Hindi after being re-elected to the Rajya Sabha.
• The oath ceremony was held in the presence of Harivansh, Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha.
• Kiren Rijiju, Union Minister for Parliamentary Affairs and Minority Affairs, attended the ceremony.
• Jagat Prakash Nadda (J.P. Nadda), Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha and Union Minister for Health & Family Welfare and Chemicals & Fertilizers, was also present.
• Jairam Ramesh, Member of Rajya Sabha, attended the oath-taking ceremony.
• C. Mody, Secretary General of Rajya Sabha, along with other senior officials of the Rajya Sabha Secretariat, was present on the occasion.

Appointments Committee of the Cabinet Approves Reappointment of Tushar Mehta as Solicitor General of India for Three More Years

• The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the reappointment of Solicitor General of India (SGI) Tushar Mehta for a further three-year term effective from 1 July 2026, making him one of the longest-serving Solicitors General in India.
• Tushar Mehta will continue as the second-highest law officer of the Union Government, next only to the Attorney General for India (AGI).
• The ACC also approved the reappointment of five Additional Solicitors General (ASGs) for the Supreme Court, including Vikramjit Banerjee, K.M. Nataraj, Suryaprakash V. Raju, N. Venkataraman, and Aishwarya Bhati.
• Additionally, Chetan Sharma has been reappointed as ASG for the Delhi High Court for a further term of six months from 1 July 2026 or until further orders.

About Tushar Mehta :

• Tushar Mehta, a senior advocate from Gujarat, is known for his expertise in constitutional and public law.
• He joined the Centre’s legal team as Additional Solicitor General (ASG) in 2014 and was elevated as Solicitor General of India in October 2018.
• He has represented the Union Government in key cases related to constitutional law, national security, taxation, electoral reforms, citizenship, and Centre–State disputes.
• The Solicitor General of India (SGI) is the second-highest law officer of the Government of India after the Attorney General for India (AGI).

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

Ministry of Defence Grants Defence Land Clearance for Gandhi Sarovar Project at Bapu Ghat in Hyderabad

• The Ministry of Defence (MoD) granted working permission to the Musi Riverfront Development Corporation Limited (MRDCL) to utilise 814 acres of defence land under the Artillery Centre, Golconda, Hyderabad (Telangana).
• The land, valued at approximately ₹533.42 crore, has been allocated for the Gandhi Sarovar Project at Bapu Ghat, Hyderabad.
• The allocation is made under the Equal Value Infrastructure (EVI) Policy, which ensures balanced exchange between defence land usage and infrastructure development.
• Under the EVI Policy, MRDCL will develop equivalent-value infrastructure assets for the Indian Army (IA) in return for the use of defence land.
• The Gandhi Sarovar Project is part of the Musi Riverfront Development Programme (MRDP) at the confluence of the Esa and Musi rivers in Hyderabad.
• The site holds historical significance, as it is the location where Mahatma Gandhi’s ashes were immersed in 1948.
• The project aims to transform the Musi river corridor into an ecological, cultural, and public asset.
• Key components include riverfront rejuvenation, environmental restoration, flood management, public spaces, Statue of Peace, Gandhi Museum, National Museum, educational and research facilities, handloom training centre, viewing platforms, and cultural tourism infrastructure.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPS & PORTALS

Aadhaar App Surpasses 31 Million Downloads, Highlights Strong Digital Adoption Across India

• The Aadhaar App has achieved over 31 million downloads across India within less than 5 months of its launch, reflecting strong public acceptance and trust.
• The app was developed by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) to improve ease of living and provide Aadhaar-related services directly through smartphones.
• Nearly 4 million users have updated their mobile numbers using the Aadhaar App since its launch.
• Around 850,000 users have successfully updated their addresses through the Aadhaar App.
• The Aadhaar App provides Aadhaar Number Holders (ANH) with a privacy-first, secure, and convenient method to show, share, and verify identity digitally.
• A key feature of the app is biometric lock/unlock, allowing users to secure or unlock their Aadhaar biometrics with a single click.
• The app supports face authentication/face verification as proof of presence for identity verification purposes.
• Users can access their authentication history directly through the Aadhaar App for better transparency and monitoring.
• The Aadhaar App offers a QR-based editable contact card, enabling digital sharing of contact details instead of traditional physical visiting cards.
• The application allows users to download e-Aadhaar directly on their smartphones.
• The app facilitates online appointment booking for visits to Aadhaar Seva Kendras (ASKs).
• The Aadhaar App supports hotel check-ins through Offline Verification Seeking Entity (OVSE) QR code scanning.
• The app can be used for hospital admissions, simplifying identity verification processes.
• It is also useful for visitor management systems, event entries, and various digital verification requirements.
• The Aadhaar App enables identity verification of gig workers and service partners, expanding its use in the digital economy.
• The application is available on both Android and Apple iOS

About Ministry of Electronics & IT :

• Cabinet Minister : Ashwini Vaishnaw
• Minister of State : Jitin Prasada

National Internet Exchange of India Unveils Four Digital Platforms on 23rd Foundation Day to Boost India’s Internet Infrastructure

• The National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) launched four major digital platforms on its 23rd Foundation Day in New Delhi to strengthen India’s internet ecosystem.
• The newly launched platforms include Internet Exchange (IX) Portal, myIRINN Portal, .IN Auction Portal, and an AI-enabled WHOIS Screening Platform.
• The initiatives were inaugurated by Krishnan, Secretary, MeitY and Chairman, NIXI, highlighting the government’s focus on digital infrastructure and internet governance.
• The IX Portal is designed to improve the management and operation of Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) across India for better traffic optimization.
• The myIRINN Portal supports the management of internet number resources under the Indian Registry for Internet Names and Numbers (IRINN) in a secure digital environment.
• The .IN Auction Portal, launched on 19 June 2026, enables a centralized system for auctioning, bidding, and acquiring premium .IN domain names.
• The AI-powered WHOIS Screening Platform strengthens domain verification, detects suspicious registrations, and enhances cybersecurity in the .IN domain ecosystem.
• The platforms aim to improve user experience, operational efficiency, transparency, and monitoring mechanisms in India’s internet governance framework.
• NIXI currently manages over 39 lakh+ .IN domain names, operates 79 Internet Exchange Points (IXPs), and supports domain registration in 22 Indian languages.
• India has achieved approximately 34% IPv6 adoption, making it a global leader in next-generation internet infrastructure.
• The initiative aligns with India’s vision of Viksit Bharat 2047, focusing on a secure, resilient, and inclusive digital ecosystem.
• NIXI (National Internet Exchange of India) is a not-for-profit organisation under MeitY, responsible for managing .IN and .भारत domains and facilitating domestic internet traffic exchange.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

India Tests Indigenous 120 mm Garudastra Vehicle-Mounted Mortar System in Madhya Pradesh

• India successfully tested “Garudastra”, an indigenous 120 mm vehicle-mounted mortar system, developed by Nibe Limited, at the Infantry School, Mhow (MP) under the Military Headquarters of War, for the Indian Army (IA).
• The system demonstrated high mobility, precision strike capability, and rapid deployment features, enhancing battlefield effectiveness and operational readiness.
• Garudastra is one of India’s heaviest indigenous vehicle-mounted mortar systems, designed for accurate fire support, mobility, and battlefield survivability.
• The system was operated by a two-member crew and can be deployed in under 30 seconds, showcasing strong shoot-and-scoot capability.
• It was evaluated under the NC-NC (No Cost–No Commitment) framework, allowing the Indian Army to assess its capabilities without any procurement obligation.
• The mortar system can engage targets at a range of 7–10 km, providing effective long-range fire support.
• It is capable of firing 12 rounds in 60 seconds, demonstrating a high rate of fire.
• It can sustain a firing rate of 3–4 rounds per minute, ensuring continuous combat support capability.

Teplizumab Approved as First Drug to Delay Type 1 Diabetes Progression on NHS

• Teplizumab (brand name: Tzield) is an immunotherapy drug for Type 1 Diabetes and is the first medicine designed to delay the onset of symptomatic Stage 3 Type 1 diabetes.
• The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) issued final draft guidance on 22 June 2026 for its use under the NHS in England and Wales.
• Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the immune system destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
• Stage 2 Type 1 diabetes involves the presence of autoantibodies and abnormal blood sugar levels, without the need for insulin therapy.
• Stage 3 Type 1 diabetes is the symptomatic stage requiring lifelong insulin therapy.
• Teplizumab is manufactured by Sanofi and is approved for adults and children aged 8 years and above.
• The drug is administered as a one-time 14-day course of intravenous (IV) infusions, each lasting around 30 minutes.
• It is licensed in the UK by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
• The drug is intended for patients in the pre-symptomatic early stage of Type 1 diabetes who show autoantibodies and mild blood sugar elevation.
• NHS availability in England is expected within 90 days, while in Wales within 60 days of 23 June 2026.
• Around 1,100 patients are expected to be eligible in the first year, and about 820 patients annually
• Key significance: Teplizumab is the first immunotherapy drug that delays progression to symptomatic Type 1 diabetes, reducing early insulin dependence.
• Type 1 diabetes is clinically classified into a Stage 1, Stage 2, and Stage 3 progression system.
• The drug is administered via intravenous infusion (not oral tablets) and is used to delay lifelong insulin therapy.
• Teplizumab represents a major advancement in preventive immunotherapy and diabetes care in the UK healthcare system (NHS).

Central University of Rajasthan Develops Low-Cost Sensor for Detecting Lead Contamination in Drinking Water

• Researchers at the Central University of Rajasthan (CURAJ), Jaipur developed a low-cost sensor on 22 June 2026 to detect minute amounts of toxic lead ions in drinking water.
• The device can test water directly without using chemicals, buffers, or reagents, making it a simple and user-friendly solution for water quality monitoring.

Key Highlights :

• Lead is a toxic heavy metal that can enter drinking water through pipes, fittings, and plumbing materials.
• Lead contamination is invisible to the naked eye as it does not change the colour or appearance of water.
• Lead exposure is highly dangerous, especially for children, as it can damage the nervous system and affect brain development.
• The research project was led by Pankaj Gupta, Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, CURAJ, in collaboration with the Finnish nanotechnology company CANATU.
• The sensor uses special electrodes tested in tap water and major river systems like the Ganges and Brahmaputra.
• Testing was conducted across a temperature range of 5°C to 45°C, ensuring wide environmental applicability.
• The device is described as a stable, self-sustaining electrical sensing system suitable for industrial-scale mass production.
• The technology is designed for use in home water systems, municipal supply stations, and water treatment plants.
• It helps in real-time monitoring of potable water quality at the point of supply and treatment.
• The Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers were used in testing as major Indian water systems for validating the technology.
• CANATU, a nanotechnology company, works on nanoscale materials and advanced sensor technologies.
• Lead is classified as a toxic pollutant, and its presence in water poses serious public health risks.
• The innovation represents a major step in affordable, chemical-free, and scalable water quality monitoring technology in India.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS AND AGREEMENT

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Signs Agreements with Vehicle Manufacturers for Fleet Modernisation in Delhi-National Capital Region

• The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) signed two Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with leading Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) for implementing the Government of India's scheme to replace old trucks and buses in the Delhi-National Capital Region (Delhi-NCR).
• The first MoU was signed with Ashok Leyland and its electric vehicle subsidiary Switch Mobility, making them the first OEMs to formally partner with the Government under the scheme.
• The second MoU was signed with Tata Motors.
• Together, Ashok Leyland, Switch Mobility and Tata Motors account for nearly 50% of India's truck and bus market.
• The scheme aims to:
• Reduce vehicular pollution in Delhi-NCR.
• Accelerate fleet modernisation.
• Promote cleaner and environmentally sustainable transportation.
• The scheme encourages owners of trucks and buses registered in Delhi-NCR that comply with Bharat Stage-IV (BS-IV) or earlier emission norms to replace them with:
• Bharat Stage-VI (BS-VI) or higher emission-compliant vehicles.
• Electric vehicles.
• Under the agreements, participating OEMs will provide an 8% discount on the ex-showroom price of eligible trucks and buses purchased under the scheme.
• The Central Government will provide:
• 5% interest subvention on vehicle loans.
• Fixed monthly fuel vouchers for five years to eligible beneficiaries.
• Participating State Governments will provide:
• Up to 100% concession on Motor Vehicle Tax for ten years.
• Waiver of vehicle registration fees.
• The initiative is expected to improve air quality, promote adoption of cleaner vehicles and support India's sustainable transport goals.
• Switch Mobility is the wholly owned electric vehicle subsidiary of Ashok Leyland and is part of the Hinduja Group.

About Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH)

• Union Minister: Nitin Gadkari
• Ministers of State:
• Ajay Tamta
• Harsh Malhotra

About Ashok Leyland

• Established: 1948
• Headquarters: Chennai
• Parent Group: Hinduja Group
• Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer: Shenu Agarwal

About Tata Motors

• Established: 1945
• Headquarters: Mumbai
• Managing Director: Shailesh Chandra

Gujarat Signs ₹1 Lakh Crore Infrastructure Financing Agreement with Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited

• The Government of Gujarat signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited (HUDCO) for long-term financial assistance of up to ₹1 lakh crore over a period of two years, beginning from May 2026.
• The agreement aims to accelerate infrastructure development and support large-scale projects across the state.
• The funding will be utilized for key infrastructure projects, including:
• Gujarat Metro Rail Phase-II and Phase-III projects
• Expressway development
• Sports infrastructure projects
• Development of world-class infrastructure in Dholera Smart City
• HUDCO will provide financial assistance on flexible terms, including:
• Moratorium period on repayments
• Flexible repayment schedule
• The Gujarat Government will facilitate necessary approvals, clearances and permissions from relevant departments to ensure smooth project implementation.
• In a separate development, the Gujarat Government also signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIM Ahmedabad).
• Under this agreement, IIM Ahmedabad will assist the state government by:
• Conducting pre-feasibility studies
• Undertaking feasibility assessments
• Preparing Detailed Project Reports (DPRs)
• Carrying out impact evaluation studies
• These activities will support projects planned under the Viksit Gujarat 2047 initiative.
• Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited (HUDCO) is a Navratna Central Public Sector Enterprise functioning under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
• The Government of India holds approximately 75% equity in HUDCO.

About Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited (HUDCO)

• Established: 1970
• Headquarters: New Delhi
• Chairman and Managing Director: Sanjay Kulshrestha
• Status: Navratna Central Public Sector Enterprise

CURRENT AFFAIRS: RANKING AND REPORTS

World Economic Forum Releases Energy Transition Index 2026

• The World Economic Forum (WEF) released the 16th edition of the Energy Transition Index (ETI) 2026, which evaluates energy system performance and transition readiness across 120 countries using 44 indicators.
• The report recorded a global decline in energy transition readiness for the first time in more than a decade, mainly due to rising geopolitical risks and concentration of clean energy investments in a few markets.
• Sweden, Finland and Denmark retained the top three positions in the rankings.
• Other major economies ranked as follows:
• Germany – 9th
• France – 10th
• United Kingdom – 11th
• China – 14th
• Brazil – 17th
• United States – 19th
• Singapore emerged as one of the biggest gainers, climbing 10 places to 42nd position.
• India improved by two places to rank 70th in ETI 2026 and recorded a 1.9% year-on-year score improvement, making it one of the fastest-improving countries in transition readiness.
• India's progress was driven by improvements in:
• Energy infrastructure
• Energy equity
• Sustainability
• Financial investments
• Human capital development
• According to the report, low-carbon jobs in India increased by 24% in 2024, while employment in the renewable energy sector reached 1.3 million, registering a 25% increase over 2023.
• Hydropower remained the largest source of renewable energy employment in India.
• The World Economic Forum identified India as a key player in the next phase of the global energy transition.
• Globally, 56% of countries improved their ETI scores in 2026, but only 24% of countries improved across all major energy performance areas simultaneously.
• The report noted that 75% of global clean energy investments are concentrated in a limited number of markets, highlighting investment imbalance.
• The Energy Transition Index 2026 identified three key priorities for accelerating the global energy transition:
• Integrating energy security, affordability and resilience into energy system design.
• Expanding power grids and improving system integration.
• Encouraging investments through stable policies and targeted capital flows.

About World Economic Forum (WEF)

• Established: 1971
• Founder: Klaus Schwab
• Headquarters: Cologny, Switzerland
• President and Chief Executive Officer: Alois Zwinggi

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

India Wins International Hockey Federation Nations Cup 2026, Secures Promotion to Pro League

• The Indian women’s hockey team won the International Hockey Federation (FIH) Nations Cup 2026 after defeating New Zealand 2-0 in the final.
• With this victory, India not only lifted the trophy but also secured promotion to the International Hockey Federation (FIH) Pro League, the highest level of annual international hockey competition.
• India captured its second FIH Nations Cup title, having previously won the inaugural edition in 2022.
• The team remained unbeaten throughout the tournament, showcasing strong performances in both attack and defence.
• India took the lead in the 4th minute when Navneet Kaur converted a penalty corner.
• Sunelita Toppo doubled India's advantage in the 15th minute by deflecting a drag flick from Deepika into the net.
• India successfully defended its lead and registered a convincing 2-0 victory over New Zealand in the final.
• India's journey to the title included victories over the United States of America (3-2), Japan (2-1), Uruguay (3-2), Chile (6-0) and New Zealand (2-0).
• The team scored 16 goals and conceded only 5 goals during the tournament.
• Promotion to the International Hockey Federation Pro League will provide India with regular exposure against the world's top-ranked hockey nations and help improve its international standing.
• The achievement marks another significant milestone for Indian women's hockey and reflects the team's growing success at the international level.

About International Hockey Federation (FIH)

• Established: 1924
• Headquarters: Lausanne, Switzerland
• President: Tayyab Ikram

About Hockey India

• Founded: 2009
• Headquarters: New Delhi
• President: Dilip Tirkey
• Secretary General: Bhola Nath Singh

Vaibhav Sooryavanshi Smashes Fastest Fifty in List A Cricket History

• India’s teenage cricket sensation Vaibhav Sooryavanshi created history by scoring the fastest half-century in List A cricket, reaching the milestone in just 11 balls during the Tri-Nation Series Final between India A and Sri Lanka A at the Rangiri Dambulla International Stadium, Sri Lanka.
• With this achievement, Sooryavanshi broke a 20-year-old world record and emerged as one of the brightest young talents in world cricket.
• The previous record was held by Kaushalya Weeratne of Sri Lanka, who scored a List A fifty in 12 balls during the 2005-06 season.
• Sooryavanshi surpassed the long-standing record by reaching his half-century in just 11 deliveries.
• The innings came in the final of the Tri-Nation Series and played a crucial role in India's performance.
• The achievement was even more remarkable because the young batter had endured a difficult tournament before the final, registering a series of low scores.
• He responded to the pressure with one of the most explosive innings ever witnessed in List A cricket.
• The record-breaking knock highlighted his exceptional batting talent, power-hitting ability and temperament on a big stage.

Fastest Fifties in List A Cricket (By Balls Faced)

 About International Cricket Council (ICC)

• Established: 1909
• Headquarters: Dubai, United Arab Emirates
• Chairman: Jay Shah
• Chief Executive Officer: Sanjog Gupta

Neeraj Chopra and Parul Chaudhary Named Athletes of the Year at Inaugural Indian Athletics Awards 2025

• Olympic medal-winning javelin thrower Neeraj Chopra was named Best Male Athlete of the Year, while national record holder Parul Chaudhary received the Best Female Athlete of the Year award at the inaugural Indian Athletics Awards 2025 held in New Delhi.
• The awards were organized by the Athletics Federation of India (AFI) to recognize athletes, coaches, officials, state associations and contributors who have played a significant role in the growth of athletics in India.
• Neeraj Chopra received the honour following another successful season in international athletics despite recovering from a back injury suffered before the 2025 World Athletics Championships.
• He became the first Indian athlete to cross the 90-metre mark in javelin throw, recording a throw of 90.23 metres at the Doha Diamond League.
• Parul Chaudhary was named Best Female Athlete of the Year after winning gold medals in the women’s 3,000-metre steeplechase and 5,000-metre events at the Asian Championships.
• Legendary sprinter and President of the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) P. T. Usha received the Lifetime Achievement Award for her outstanding contribution to Indian athletics.
• Other recipients of the Lifetime Achievement Award included Gurbachan Singh Randhawa, Bahadur Singh Chauhan, and Anju Bobby George.
• Shahnavaz Khan was honoured as the Best Emerging Male Athlete, while Pooja Singh received the Best Emerging Female Athlete award.
• Parveer Singh was named Best Coach of the Year, and Dr. Kuldeep Singh received the Best Technical Official of the Year award.
• The Tamil Nadu Athletics Association was recognized as the Best State Association of the Year.
• The Government of Odisha received the award for Best State Supporting Athletics.
• The awards aim to encourage excellence in athletics and recognize the contributions of athletes, coaches, administrators and institutions supporting the sport.

Indian Athletics Awards 2025 – Major Winners

• Best Male Athlete of the Year: Neeraj Chopra
• Best Female Athlete of the Year: Parul Chaudhary
• Best Emerging Male Athlete: Shahnavaz Khan
• Best Emerging Female Athlete: Pooja Singh
• Best Coach of the Year: Parveer Singh
• Best Technical Official of the Year: Dr. Kuldeep Singh
• Best State Association of the Year: Tamil Nadu Athletics Association
• Best State Supporting Athletics: Government of Odisha
• Lifetime Achievement Award: P. T. Usha, Gurbachan Singh Randhawa, Bahadur Singh Chauhan and Anju Bobby George

About Athletics Federation of India (AFI)

• Established: 1946
• Headquarters: New Delhi
• President: Bahadur Singh Sagoo

About Indian Olympic Association (IOA)

• Established: 1927
• Headquarters: New Delhi
• President: P. T. Usha

Daily CA One- Liner: June 24^th

• Lieutenant Governor Vinai Kumar Saxena approved the constitution of the Snow Leopard and High-Altitude Nature (SHAN) Conservation Society in Ladakh
• Union Minister for Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Pralhad Joshi approved the first batch of ₹22 crore support for 9 startups under the ₹100 crore Startup Support Programme of the National Green Hydrogen Mission
• Khurasani Imli from Mandu in Dhar district, Madhya Pradesh, has been awarded the prestigious Geographical Indication (GI) Tag
• The Government of West Bengal presented a ₹4.38 lakh crore Budget for 2026-27, focusing on employment generation, infrastructure development, women's welfare, education and social security
• India will host the two-day BRICS National Security Advisers (NSA) Meeting under its BRICS Presidency
• The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) signed two Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with leading Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) for implementing the Government of India's scheme to replace old trucks and buses in the Delhi-National Capital Region
• The Government of Gujarat signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited (HUDCO) for long-term financial assistance of up to ₹1 lakh crore over a period of two years, beginning from May 2026
• The World Economic Forum (WEF) released the 16th edition of the Energy Transition Index (ETI) 2026, which evaluates energy system performance and transition readiness across 120 countries using 44 indicators
• The Indian women’s hockey team won the International Hockey Federation (FIH) Nations Cup 2026 after defeating New Zealand 2-0 in the final
• India’s teenage cricket sensation Vaibhav Sooryavanshi created history by scoring the fastest half-century in List A cricket, reaching the milestone in just 11 balls during the Tri-Nation Series Final between India A and Sri Lanka A at the Rangiri Dambulla International Stadium, Sri Lanka
• Olympic medal-winning javelin thrower Neeraj Chopra was named Best Male Athlete of the Year, while national record holder Parul Chaudhary received the Best Female Athlete of the Year award at the inaugural Indian Athletics Awards 2025 held in New Delhi.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has urged banks and Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) to use India’s Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) to expand credit access to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
• Zerodha Fund House, India’s first passive-only, direct-only Asset Management Company (AMC), launched India’s first Lifecycle (Target-Date) Mutual Funds.
• The World Bank’s Board of Executive Directors approved $1.5 billion financing for India to support structural reforms for private sector-led job creation and economic growth.
• Punjab National Bank (PNB), a leading Public Sector Bank (PSB) of India, has partnered with Zaggle Prepaid Ocean Services Limited to launch biodegradable “PNB–Zaggle Co-branded Twin Credit Cards”.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) directed banks to exempt agricultural and allied sector loans up to ₹2 lakh per borrower from collateral security and margin requirements under the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has revamped the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme, introducing a standardised crop season definition to ensure uniform loan processing and repayment.
• Vice President of India and Chairman, Rajya Sabha, P. Radhakrishnan administered the oath of office to re-elected Rajya Sabha member Neeraj Dangi at Parliament House, New Delhi.
• The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the reappointment of Solicitor General of India (SGI) Tushar Mehta for a further three-year term effective from 1 July 2026, making him one of the longest-serving Solicitors General in India.
• The Ministry of Defence (MoD) granted working permission to the Musi Riverfront Development Corporation Limited (MRDCL) to utilise 814 acres of defence land under the Artillery Centre, Golconda, Hyderabad (Telangana).
• The Aadhaar App has achieved over 31 million downloads across India within less than 5 months of its launch, reflecting strong public acceptance and trust.
• The National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) launched four major digital platforms on its 23rd Foundation Day in New Delhi to strengthen India’s internet ecosystem.
• India successfully tested “Garudastra”, an indigenous 120 mm vehicle-mounted mortar system, developed by Nibe Limited, at the Infantry School, Mhow (MP) under the Military Headquarters of War, for the Indian Army (IA).
• Teplizumab (brand name: Tzield) is an immunotherapy drug for Type 1 Diabetes and is the first medicine designed to delay the onset of symptomatic Stage 3 Type 1 diabetes.
• Researchers at the Central University of Rajasthan (CURAJ), Jaipur developed a low-cost sensor on 22 June 2026 to detect minute amounts of toxic lead ions in drinking water.