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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Reserve Bank of India Imposes ₹39.60 Lakh Penalty on Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Limited

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), imposed a monetary penalty of ₹39.60 lakh on Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Limited.
• The penalty was for violating provisions of section 10A of the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 (PSS Act) and section 26A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (BR Act).
• The penalty was imposed under section 30(1) read with section 26(6) of the PSS Act and section 47A(1)(c) read with section 46(4)(i) of the BR Act.
• The Statutory Inspection for Supervisory Evaluation (ISE 2024) of the bank was conducted by RBI with reference to its financial position as on 31 March 2024.
• RBI issued a show-cause notice to the bank based on contraventions of the PSS Act and BR Act and considered the bank’s written and oral submissions.
• RBI found that the bank had:
• Indirectly imposed charges on Basic Savings Bank Deposit (BSBD) account holders for UPI payments.
• Failed to transfer eligible amounts to the Depositor Education and Awareness Fund within the prescribed period.
• The penalty was imposed due to statutory compliance deficiencies and does not question the validity of any customer transaction or agreement.

Axis Bank Hosts 10th Edition of EVOLVE MSME Knowledge Series in Kozhikode

• Axis Bank Limited organised the 10th edition of EVOLVE, its flagship multi-city knowledge series for MSMEs, in Kozhikode, Kerala.
• The session, themed “MSMEs Powering the USD 10 Trillion Economy”, brought together 100+ entrepreneurs and experts to discuss India’s growth from USD 4.1 trillion to USD 10 trillion by 2032.
• The aim of EVOLVE is to empower MSMEs with tools to improve operational efficiency, adopt digital solutions, and expand market reach.
• Over the past decade, EVOLVE has engaged 10,000+ entrepreneurs across 50+ cities, supporting businesses in navigating changing market dynamics.

India’s Wholesale Inflation at 0.13% in September, Turns Negative in October

• India’s wholesale inflation stood at 0.13% in September, before turning negative in October 2025.
• The negative inflation rate in October was driven by cheaper food items, crude oil, natural gas, electricity, mineral oils, and basic metal products.
• The WPI for October 2025 was compiled with a weighted response rate of 84.2%, and the next wholesale inflation data (for November 2025) will be released by DPIIT on December 15, 2025.
• The Wholesale Price Index (WPI) tracks factory-gate prices of goods sold in bulk, unlike the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which measures retail prices paid by households.
• The WPI uses 2011–12 as its base year and is divided into Primary Articles, Fuel and Power, and Manufactured Products.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has projected CPI inflation at 3.1% for 2025–26, supported by steady monsoon progress and strong kharif sowing, which are expected to keep food prices stable.

State Bank of India to end mCASH transfer and claim services on OnlineSBI and YONO Lite from December 1, 2025

• The State Bank of India (SBI) will discontinue the mCASH sending and claiming facility on OnlineSBI and YONO Lite from 30 November 2025, making the service unavailable from 1 December 2025.
• The move reflects SBI’s shift towards more secure, modern, and widely adopted digital payment systems.
• mCASH enabled instant transfers using just the recipient’s mobile number or email ID, without needing beneficiary registration.
• Recipients claimed funds through a secure link and 8-digit passcode sent via SMS or email, then logged into the State Bank mCASH app with an MPIN to transfer money and save bank account and IFSC details.
• SBI advises customers to use UPI, IMPS, NEFT, or RTGS as alternatives, with UPI available via the BHIM SBI Pay app for money transfers, bill payments, recharges, and merchant transactions.

About State Bank of India (SBI):

• Founded Year: 1955
• Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
• Chairman: Challa Sreenivasulu Setty
• Slogan: "The Banker to Every Indian"

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

CABINET APPROVALS

I) Union Cabinet Condemns Terror Attack Near Red Fort, Delhi

• The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed deep grief over the loss of lives caused by the terrorist car explosion near the Red Fort in Delhi.
• A two-minute silence was observed for the victims.
• The Cabinet adopted an official Resolution condemning the incident.
  The Resolution stated that India witnessed a heinous terror attack carried out by anti-national forces, which resulted in multiple fatalities and several injuries.
• The Cabinet offered solemn respects to the victims and conveyed heartfelt condolences to the bereaved families.
• It also prayed for the speedy recovery of all injured persons and appreciated the prompt efforts of medical teams and emergency responders providing essential care and support.
• The Cabinet unequivocally condemned the attack, calling it a dastardly and cowardly act, and reiterated India’s zero-tolerance policy towards terrorism in all forms and manifestations.
• The Cabinet recorded its appreciation for the statements of solidarity and support from various governments worldwide following the incident.
• It acknowledged the timely and coordinated response of authorities, security agencies, and citizens who acted with courage and compassion during the crisis.
• The Cabinet directed that the investigation be conducted with utmost urgency and professionalism to ensure the perpetrators, their collaborators, and sponsors are identified and brought to justice without delay.
• The government continues to monitor the situation at the highest levels, reaffirming its commitment to national security and to safeguarding the lives and well-being of all citizens.

II) Union Cabinet Revises Royalty Rates for Caesium, Graphite, Rubidium and Zirconium

• The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved revised royalty rates for four important minerals — Caesium, Graphite, Rubidium and Zirconium.
• New Royalty Rates:
  • Caesium: 2% of Average Sale Price (ASP) of caesium metal, chargeable on the metal contained in the ore.
  • Graphite:
    • With 80% or more fixed carbon – 2% of ASP (ad valorem).
    • With less than 80% fixed carbon – 4% of ASP (ad valorem).
  • Rubidium: 2% of ASP of rubidium metal, chargeable on the metal contained in the ore.
  • Zirconium: 1% of ASP of zirconium metal, chargeable on the metal contained in the ore.
• The decision will promote auction of mineral blocks containing caesium, rubidium and zirconium, helping unlock these minerals along with associated critical minerals such as lithium, tungsten, rare earth elements, niobium, etc.
• Switching graphite royalty to an ad valorem basis ensures that royalty reflects price changes across grades, replacing the earlier per-tonne system used since 1 September 2014.
• Increased domestic production will help reduce imports, strengthen supply chain security, and generate employment.
• These minerals are vital for high-tech applications and energy transition.
  • Graphite and Zirconium are among the 24 critical and strategic minerals listed under the MMDR Act, 1957.
  • Graphite is crucial for EV battery anodes, but India currently imports 60% of its requirement. There are 9 working graphite mines, 27 auctioned blocks, 20 blocks handed over for auction, and 26 under exploration.
  • Zirconium is used in nuclear energy, aerospace, healthcare and manufacturing due to its corrosion resistance and temperature stability.
  • Caesium is used in atomic clocks, GPS systems, precision instruments, and medical applications, including cancer therapy.
  • Rubidium is used in specialty glasses, fibre optics, telecommunications, and night-vision devices.
• The Centre issued the Sixth Tranche of critical mineral auctions on 16 September 2025, which includes 5 graphite blocks, 2 rubidium blocks, and 1 block each of caesium and zirconium.
• The revised royalty rates will help bidders submit rational financial bids during auctions.
• Most critical minerals in recent years have royalty rates fixed in the 2%–4% range, aligning the new rates with contemporary standards.

III) Union Cabinet Approves Export Promotion Mission (EPM)

• The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the Export Promotion Mission (EPM), a major initiative announced in the Union Budget 2025–26 to boost India’s export competitiveness, especially for MSMEs, first-time exporters, and labour-intensive sectors.
• The Mission has a total outlay of Rs. 25,060 crores for FY 2025–26 to FY 2030–31, providing a flexible, digital, outcome-based export promotion framework by replacing fragmented earlier schemes.
• EPM will be implemented collaboratively by the Department of Commerce, Ministry of MSME, Ministry of Finance, and key stakeholders such as Financial Institutions, Export Promotion Councils, Commodity Boards, industry bodies, and state governments.
• The Mission will function through two integrated sub-schemes:
  • NIRYAT PROTSAHAN – improves MSME access to affordable trade finance through interest subvention, export factoring, collateral guarantees, e-commerce exporter credit cards, and credit enhancement for new markets.
  • NIRYAT DISHA – strengthens non-financial export enablers like quality and compliance support, branding, packaging, trade fair participation, export warehousing, logistics, inland transport reimbursements, trade intelligence, and capacity building.
• EPM consolidates schemes such as the Interest Equalisation Scheme (IES) and Market Access Initiative (MAI) to align them with modern trade requirements.
• The Mission addresses key structural export barriers including costly and limited trade finance, high compliance costs, weak export branding, fragmented market access, and logistical disadvantages, especially in low-export-intensity regions.
• Priority support will be offered to sectors hit by recent global tariff hikes, including textiles, leather, gems & jewellery, engineering goods, and marine products, helping sustain export orders, protect jobs, and diversify markets.
• The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) will be the implementing agency, with all processes—from application to disbursal—managed on a dedicated digital platform integrated with existing trade systems.
• Expected outcomes include:
  • Better access to affordable trade finance for MSMEs.
  • Enhanced export readiness through compliance and certification support.
  • Improved market access and global visibility for Indian products.
  • Boosting exports from non-traditional districts and emerging sectors.
  • Increased employment across manufacturing, logistics, and allied services.
• EPM aims to build a technology-enabled, inclusive, globally competitive export ecosystem, aligned with the vision of Viksit Bharat @ 2047.

India Becomes the World’s 6th-Largest Patent Filer

• India has emerged as the world’s 6th-largest patent filer, with over 64,000 patent applications, as announced by Union Minister of State for Science & Technology Dr Jitendra Singh during a tech-fest in New Delhi.
• More than 55% of the patent filings are by resident Indian innovators, indicating a major shift from technology consumption to technology creation.
• India’s position in the Global Innovation Index (GII) has improved significantly—from 81st to 38th, showcasing strengthened innovation capability.
• The patent surge is driven by factors such as:
  • A rapidly growing start-up ecosystem supported by Start-Up India and other government schemes.
  • Increased focus on skill development and applied sciences, even among those without formal advanced degrees.
  • Supportive Ministry of Science & Technology policies that lower barriers to patent filing.
  • Rising awareness of patents as economic and strategic assets that enhance global competitiveness.
• The announcement highlights:
  • Global credibility, placing India among major global innovation economies.
  • Strengthening domestic innovation capacity, as Indian firms, research institutions and individuals dominate filings.
  • Alignment with national initiatives like Atmanirbhar Bharat, Make in India, and the transition toward a knowledge-driven economy.

Confederation of Indian Industry Partnership Summit 2025 Inaugurated in Visakhapatnam

• The 30th edition of the Confederation of Indian Industry Partnership Summit 2025 was inaugurated in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, by the Vice-President of India, C. P. Radhakrishnan.
• The summit is jointly organised by CII, DPIIT (Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade), the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, and the Government of Andhra Pradesh.
• Theme: “Technology, Trust and Trade: Navigating the New Geoeconomic Order”.
• Participation: Over 2,500 delegates from 77 countries are attending the two-day summit.
• The Vice-President highlighted India’s rapid economic rise under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and appreciated Andhra Pradesh’s strong investment ecosystem under Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu.
• He urged global investors to “seize the opportunity” as India positions itself as a technology-driven startup hub.
• Andhra Pradesh’s Investment Agenda:
  • CM Chandrababu Naidu announced a 10-point investment strategy.
  • The state has already mobilised USD 20 billion in 17 months, creating 20 lakh jobs.
  • New targets include USD 0.5 trillion investments and 50 lakh jobs, with a long-term vision of USD 1 trillion within the next decade.
  • Priority sectors: drones, electronics, aerospace, semiconductors, defence and space.
  • Andhra Pradesh has moved from “ease of doing business” to “speed of doing business” by offering real-time approvals and ensuring rapid project execution.

RECENT NEWS

• The Andhra Pradesh Tourism Department has won the prestigious Global Tourism Award 2025, recognizing its outstanding initiatives in positioning Andhra Pradesh as one of India’s most promising tourist destinations. The award was received by tourism consultant Nishitha Goyal on behalf of the department at a ceremony held in New Delhi

About Andhra Pradesh:

• Chief Minister: N. Chandrababu Naidu
• Governor: S. Abdul Nazeer
• Capital: Amaravati
• National Parks: Sri Venkateswara National Park, Papikonda National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary, Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary, Kambalakonda Wildlife Sanctuary, Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary, Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary

Supreme Court Directs Jharkhand to Declare Saranda Forest as a Wildlife Sanctuary

• The Supreme Court of India has directed the Jharkhand government to declare the Saranda Forest as a wildlife sanctuary, aiming to safeguard one of India’s richest ecological zones from increasing developmental and mining pressures.
• Saranda Forest, located in West Singhbhum district, Jharkhand, covers around 820–900 sq. km and is recognised as Asia’s largest natural Sal (Shorea robusta) forest, popularly known as the “land of seven hundred hills.”
• The forest lies in the Chhotanagpur bio-geographic zone and forms a continuous ecological stretch with forests in Odisha and Chhattisgarh. It hosts rare and endangered species such as the Sal forest tortoise (endemic and endangered), four-horned antelope, Asian palm civet, and wild elephants.
• Saranda is also home to Adivasi communities including the Ho, Munda, and Uraon tribes, who rely on the forest for food, fuel, medicine, and cultural practices, making it both an ecological and cultural hub.
• Sanctuary status will bring Saranda under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, introducing stricter controls on industrial activity, mining, habitat disturbance, and poaching, ensuring scientific management of wildlife corridors—especially for migratory species like elephants.
• The move strengthens protection for species like the Sal forest tortoise, which exists only in this region, and enhances opportunities for community-led conservation by involving tribal groups in forest governance.
• Saranda contains around 26% of India’s iron ore reserves, leading to extensive mining in past decades.
• The Court’s directive indicates a shift toward prioritising ecological conservation over unchecked mineral extraction, potentially influencing future clearance decisions.

RECENT NEWS

• India has lost one of its most influential tribal leaders and a key architect of Jharkhand’s statehood. Shibu Soren, founder of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) and three-time Chief Minister of Jharkhand, passed away on August 4, 2025, at the age of 81.

About Jharkhand:

• Capital: Ranchi
• Chief Minister: Hemant Soren
• Governor: Santosh Gangwar
• National Parks: Betla National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary, Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary, Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary, Topchanchi Wildlife Sanctuary

Ambaji Marble from Gujarat Receives Geographical Indication (GI) Tag

• Ambaji Marble, known for its milky white colour, durability, and historical value, has received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag, issued by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under the Ministry of Commerce & Industry.
• It is sourced from Banaskantha district, North Gujarat.
• The marble has an ancient legacy, with mines believed to be 1,200–1,500 years old, dating back to the period when the Dilwara Jain Temples of Mount Abu were built, known globally for their intricate marble architecture.
• Unique properties of Ambaji marble include its high calcium content, exceptional durability, natural polish, smooth texture, and its signature milky white appearance, making it highly preferred in temple construction in India and abroad.
• Ambaji marble is believed to have been used in the Ram Temple in Ayodhya, reaffirming its cultural and spiritual significance. It is also used in temples and cultural structures across Miami, Los Angeles, Boston, New Zealand, and England, reflecting strong global demand.
• The GI tag ensures:
  Authenticity protection (only marble from Ambaji can be sold as Ambaji marble);
  Global brand identity;
  Boost to exports due to certified quality and origin;
  Support for local miners, artisans, and marble processors;
  Higher income for traditional craftsmen;
  Protection against imitation and misuse, helping preserve the reputation of Indian marble craftsmanship.

RECENT NEWS

• In a major push toward balanced regional development, Gujarat Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel inaugurated the first-ever Vibrant Gujarat Regional Conference (VGRC) in Mehsana district on October 9, 2025.

About Gujarat:

• Chief Minister: Bhupendra Patel
• Governor: Acharya Devvrat
• Capital: Gandhinagar
• National Parks: Gir National Park, Blackbuck National Park, Vansda National Park, Marine National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary, Velavadar Blackbuck Sanctuary, Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary, Barda Wildlife Sanctuary, Purna Wildlife Sanctuary

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

United Arab Emirates Executes First Government Transaction Using Digital Dirham central bank digital currency in Under Two Minutes

• The United Arab Emirates (UAE) completed its first government transaction using the Digital Dirham, a central bank digital currency (CBDC), in under two minutes.
• The transaction was executed via the mBridge platform, showcasing the UAE’s technological readiness and ambition to become a global digital finance hub.

Key Highlights :

• The Digital Dirham is the UAE’s official digital currency, issued by the Central Bank of the UAE (CBUAE) under the Financial Infrastructure Transformation (FIT) Programme.
• Unlike cryptocurrencies, the Digital Dirham is government-backed, fully regulated, and ensures secure, real-time transactions between public institutions.
• On 12 November 2025, the Ministry of Finance and the Dubai Department of Finance completed the UAE’s first Digital Dirham transaction using mBridge.
• The mBridge platform is a multi-central bank digital currency settlement system, developed in collaboration with central banks across Asia and the Middle East, enabling cross-border digital transactions.
• The Digital Dirham project aligns with the UAE’s strict digital asset regulations, including stablecoin backing requirements and rigorous audits since March 2023.
• In April 2023, Abu Dhabi institutions like IHC, ADQ, and First Abu Dhabi Bank launched plans for a dirham-backed stablecoin, reflecting strong local interest in regulated digital assets.
• The successful transaction paves the way for government salaries, subsidies, procurement, and public services to be managed via digital payments, offering benefits like faster transfers, automated reconciliation, reduced paperwork, and increased financial transparency.
• This milestone also sets the stage for public adoption of the Digital Dirham in retail and commercial transactions.

About UAE :

• President : Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
• Prime Minister : Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
• Capital : Abu Dhabi
• Currency : UAE dirham

CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS

56th International Film Festival of India (IFFI) to Be Held in Goa from 20–28 November 2025

• The 56th edition of IFFI will be held in Goa from 20–28 November 2025.
• It continues as South Asia’s only FIAPF-accredited competitive film festival since 1952, featuring 240 films from 81 countries.
• Japan is the Country of Focus, screening six contemporary Japanese films; Spain is the Partner Country; Australia is the Spotlight Country, introducing curated packages, cultural programmes, and institutional collaborations.
• IFFI, established in 1952, started in Mumbai and later travelled to Madras (Chennai), Delhi, and Calcutta (Kolkata). It embodies the ethos of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam and early editions showcased 40 feature films and 100 short films reinforcing themes of unity and peaceful coexistence.
• Major milestones include:
  1965 – Became a competitive festival (3rd edition);
  1975 – Introduction of Filmotsav (non-competitive festival in alternate years);
  2004 – IFFI became permanently hosted in Goa, organised by NFDC, Ministry of I&B, and Entertainment Society of Goa (ESG).
• Programme Highlights:
  Total Films – 240+; Countries – 81; 13 World Premieres, 5 International Premieres, 44 Asian Premieres.
  Opening Film: The Blue Trail by Brazilian director Gabriel Mascaro.
  Gala Premieres: 18 exclusive screenings.
• Competitions: Three international competitions with 32 films from five continents, including entries from Cannes, TIFF, Berlinale, and Venice.
  Fifteen curated/competitive sections include Docu-Montage, From the Festivals, Macabre Dreams, UNICEF Cinema, Restored Classics, Experimental Films, Best Debut Feature, ICFT-UNESCO Gandhi Medal, and others.
• Centenary Tributes: Guru Dutt, Raj Khosla, Ritwik Ghatak, P. Bhanumathi, Bhupen Hazarika, Salil Chowdhury.
  Rajinikanth’s Golden Jubilee will be celebrated at the Closing Ceremony, marking 50 years of his contribution to Indian cinema.
• Indian Panorama 2025:
  25 feature films, 20 non-feature films, 5 debut features.
  Opening Feature – Amaran (Tamil);
  Opening Non-Feature – Kakori.
  The edition also features 50+ debut works and women-led films.
  Awards include ₹5 lakh for Best Debut Indian Director and ₹10 lakh for Best Web Series.
• The Creative Minds of Tomorrow (CMOT) platform selected 124 young professionals from 799 entries for workshops and competitions across 13 film crafts. The 48-hour ShortsTV challenge returns as a key event.
• 21 masterclasses and panels will feature Aamir Khan, Anupam Kher, Vidhu Vinod Chopra, Christopher Corbould, Suhasini Maniratnam, and Sreekar Prasad, covering acting, editing, VFX, cinematography, and the CinemAI Hackathon on AI in filmmaking.
• The 19th WAVES Film Bazaar (Nov 20–24) introduces a Co-Production Market, Screenwriters’ Lab, Work-in-Progress Lab, an expanded Viewing Room, and Knowledge Series with pitching sessions, country showcases, and production incentives.
• IFFIESTA will debut from 21–24 November, featuring four days of music, dance, theatre, and cultural performances, blending classical and contemporary arts to create a multi-sensory festival experience.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Mallika Srinivasan’s Tenure as Public Enterprises Selection Board Chairperson Extended for Second Consecutive Term by Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions

• The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions (MoPP&P) announced the second consecutive extension of Mallika Srinivasan’s tenure as Chairperson of the Public Enterprises Selection Board (PESB).
• The extension, approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, is effective from 19 November 2025 to 18 November 2026.
• Mallika Srinivasan is recognized for bringing private-sector strategies to improve the efficiency and performance of public enterprises.
• She became the first private-sector professional to lead PESB when she assumed charge in April 2021.
• She also holds the position of Chairperson and Managing Director (MD) of Tractors and Farm Equipment Ltd (TAFE).

CURRENT AFFAIRS : ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS

Nippon Life India Asset Management Forms Strategic Partnership with Germany’s DWS Group, a Leading European Asset Manager

• Nippon Life India Asset Management (NAM India) approved a strategic collaboration with Germany-based DWS Group, one of Europe’s leading asset managers.
• Under the partnership, DWS will acquire up to a 40% minority stake in Nippon Life India AIF Management Limited (NAIF), a wholly owned subsidiary of NAM India.
• The collaboration aims to jointly develop and expand the Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) franchise in India.
• NAM India is a major Indian asset manager, offering Mutual Funds, ETFs, and Managed Accounts to a wide investor base.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

Indian Navy Unveils Crest of INS Mahe, First Ship of the Indigenous Mahe-Class ASW Shallow Water Craft

• The Indian Navy unveiled the crest of INS Mahe, the first ship of the indigenously designed Mahe-class Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC).
• The crest was released ahead of the ship’s commissioning in Mumbai, marking a major milestone in its design-to-induction journey.
• INS Mahe is named after the coastal town of Mahe on India’s western seaboard, reflecting India’s maritime heritage.
• The crest features an ‘Urumi’ (flexible sword) from Kalarippayattu, symbolising agility, precision, and lethal grace in naval operations.
• The waves in the crest represent India’s vast maritime domain and the Navy’s readiness to safeguard it.
• The ship’s motto “Silent Hunters” signifies stealth, vigilance, and anti-submarine warfare capabilities.
• The crest highlights the fusion of India’s cultural heritage, technological advancement, and the Navy’s focus on indigenisation and Aatmanirbharta.

Eastern Naval Command Hosts the 2025 Annual Navy Education Society Conference

• The Annual Navy Education Society (NES) Conference 2025 was held at the Eastern Naval Command, Visakhapatnam, from 10–13 November 2025.
• The conference included key meetings of the Executive Committee, Management Advisory Committee (MAC), and Academic Advisory Committee (AAC) focusing on policy and operations of Naval Schools under NEP 2020.

Key Highlights :

• The Executive Committee meeting on 12 November 2025 was chaired by VAdm CR Praveen Nair, Controller Personnel Services and Chairperson, NES.
• The MAC and AAC sessions were chaired by Cmde SM Urooj Athar, Commodore (Naval Education) and Vice Chairperson, NES.
• Officers from Naval Headquarters, academic leaders, and administrators from Naval Schools across India participated in the event.
• For the first time, the conference saw participation of Sankalp Schools, which support children with special needs through education, pre-vocational training, and life-skills development, highlighting NES’s commitment to inclusivity.
• The Chairperson reviewed progress in NEP-2020 reforms, including standardisation, policy improvements, infrastructure upgrades, and faculty development aimed at establishing Naval Schools as centres of academic excellence.
• The Chairperson unveiled the revised Vision and Mission Statements of the Navy Education Society, aligned with NEP-2020 to promote future-ready students with strong values.
• The NES Academic Awards 2024-25 were presented to recognise academic excellence among Naval Schools.

Defence Ministry Inks ₹2,095 Crore Agreement with Bharat Dynamics Limited

• The Ministry of Defence signed a ₹2,095 crore deal with Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) to procure INVAR Anti-Tank Guided Missiles (ATGMs) under the Buy (Indian) category, promoting Aatmanirbharta in defence.
• These missiles will enhance the lethality and combat capability of T-90 main battle tanks, boosting India’s deterrence and operational edge.

Key Highlights :

• The INVAR missile is a laser-guided, precision anti-tank weapon known for its high hit probability and superior penetration capability against modern armoured threats.
• The missile is built by Rosoboronexport (Russia) and produced under licence in India by BDL, reflecting confidence in indigenous defence manufacturing.
• The missile features laser-guided technology for accurate targeting and performs effectively even in challenging battlefield conditions.
• It is compatible with T-90 tanks and can neutralize heavily armoured enemy tanks and fortifications.
• The INVAR missile weighs 17.2 kg, is 695 mm long, and uses a tandem warhead designed to defeat explosive reactive armour (ERA) on modern battle tanks.
• The deal aims to strengthen the precision-strike and first-strike capability of Indian Army tank formations, especially along sensitive Western and Northern borders.
• The procurement supports indigenous technology development, employment generation, and capacity-building in India’s defence sector.
• Overall, the acquisition enhances battlefield readiness, tactical agility, and India’s deterrence posture against adversarial threats.

India Opens Nyoma Airbase in Ladakh as Air Chief Marshal AP Singh Lands C-130J Aircraft

• India inaugurated the Nyoma Airbase in Ladakh, where Air Chief Marshal AP Singh landed a C-130J aircraft.
• The Mudh–Nyoma Air Force Station, located 35 km from the China border, is situated at an altitude of 13,700 feet.
• The airbase can now support high-tempo fighter jet operations, making it one of the world’s highest airfields.
• The ₹218-crore project was executed by a team of women officers from the Border Roads Organisation (BRO).
• The new airbase features a 2.7-km runway capable of operating fighter jets, transport aircraft, and helicopters.
• The Nyoma airstrip, unused for decades post the 1962 India–China war, was reactivated by the IAF in September 2009.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Defence Research and Development Organisation’s Naval Science and Technological Laboratory Develops New-Generation Man-Portable Autonomous Underwater Vehicles for Mine Countermeasure Operations

• The Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL) of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has developed new-generation Man-portable Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (MP-AUVs) for Mine Countermeasure (MCM) operations.
• With this development, India joins countries like the USA, UK, France, China, and Sweden that possess MP-AUV technology.

Key Highlights :

• The MP-AUVs use side scan sonar and underwater cameras for real-time detection and classification of mine-like objects.
• The system uses deep-learning-based target recognition algorithms, enabling autonomous threat classification and reducing operator workload and mission time.
• A robust underwater acoustic communication system allows inter-AUV data sharing, improving situational awareness during operations.
• The MP-AUV system offers quick response capability, reduced operational risk, and a low logistic footprint for naval mine warfare
• Field trials at NSTL Harbour, Visakhapatnam verified all major system parameters and confirmed the achievement of mission objectives.

About NSTL :

• Established : 1969
• Headquarters : Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
• Director : Abraham Varughese

Indian Space Research Organisation Unveils Major Expansion Plan for Lunar Missions, Human Spaceflight, and India’s Own Space Station

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has announced a major expansion plan to strengthen lunar exploration, human spaceflight, and the creation of an Indian Space Station, marking a new era of growth and innovation.
• ISRO aims to triple spacecraft production in the next three years to meet rising demand for launches and scientific missions.
• ISRO will conduct seven more launches in the current financial year, including commercial communication satellites, PSLV and GSLV missions, and the first fully industry-manufactured PSLV.

Key Highlights :

• Chandrayaan-4, scheduled for 2028, will be India’s first lunar sample-return mission, aiming to make India the fourth country to achieve this milestone.
• Chandrayaan-4 is designed to collect and return lunar soil and rock samples and contribute to India’s long-term human space exploration plans.
• Gaganyaan, India’s first crewed space mission, is scheduled for 2027, preceded by three uncrewed missions for safety validation.
• India plans to send astronauts to the Moon and bring them back safely by 2040, strengthening India's strategic and exploratory ambitions.
• LUPEX, the India-Japan joint mission, will explore water ice at the Moon’s south pole, enhancing India’s international space collaboration.
• ISRO plans to launch the first module of the Indian Space Station by 2028, with full completion targeted for 2035, aiming to make India the third nation to operate an independent space station.
• India’s current 2% share in the global space economy (valued at USD 8.2 billion) is targeted to increase to 8% by 2030 and to reach USD 44 billion by 2033.
• The growth of India’s space sector is supported by over 450 industries and 330 startups, enabled by space sector reforms of 2020.

About ISRO:

• Established: 15 August 1969
• Headquarters: New Delhi, India
• Chairman: V. Narayanan

Godrej Aerospace Delivers First Human-Rated L110 Stage Vikas Engine to ISRO’s LPSC in Bengaluru

• Godrej Enterprises Group (GEG) Aerospace Division delivered the first human-rated L110 Stage Vikas Engine to ISRO’s Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) in Bengaluru, Karnataka.
• This delivery marks a major milestone in India’s Gaganyaan crewed spaceflight programme.
• The L110 engine serves as the primary propulsion system for the Human-rated Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (HLVM3) rocket, which will launch the Gaganyaan crew module carrying Indian astronauts by 2027.
• The Gaganyaan mission is designed to take the crew module into Earth’s orbit and safely return the astronauts to the planet.
• Building on over 40 years of collaboration with ISRO, Godrej Aerospace described the engine delivery as a technical milestone and a moment of national pride.
• The milestone highlights India’s increasing self-reliance in high-precision space propulsion.
• The development also supports indigenization and the growth of India’s aerospace capabilities.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : OBITUARIES

Padma Shri Environmentalist Saalumarada Thimmakka, the “Tree Woman of India,” passed away at 114 in Bengaluru

• Padma Shri awardee Saalumarada Thimmakka, renowned as the “Tree Woman of India”, passed away at the age of 114 in Bengaluru, Karnataka.

About Saalumarada Thimmakka :

• She was born on June 30, 1911, in Gubbi Taluk, Tumakuru district, Karnataka.
• She earned the titles “Vriksha Mata” and “Mother of Trees” for her lifelong dedication to tree conservation.
• She received the title ‘Saalumarada’, meaning “row of trees”, after planting 385 banyan trees along a 5 km stretch between Hulikal and Kudur in Ramanagara district, Karnataka.
• Along with her husband, she planted and nurtured over 8,000 trees along highways in Karnataka.
• She received 12 major awards, including the National Citizen’s Award (1995), Indira Priyadarshini Vrikshamitra Award (1997), Karnataka Kalpavalli Award (2000), Godfrey Phillips Bravery Award (2006), and Nadoja Award (2010).
• A U.S.-based environmental organisation named Thimmakka’s Resources for Environmental Education (TREE) was established in her honour, reflecting global recognition of her work.
• She received the Padma Shri in 2019 for her contributions in the field of Social Work.

Daily CA One- Liner: November 18

• The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed deep grief over the loss of lives caused by the terrorist car explosion near the Red Fort in Delhi
• The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved revised royalty rates for four important minerals — Caesium, Graphite, Rubidium and Zirconium
• The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the Export Promotion Mission (EPM), a major initiative announced in the Union Budget 2025–26 to boost India’s export competitiveness, especially for MSMEs, first-time exporters, and labour-intensive sectors
• India has emerged as the world’s 6th-largest patent filer, with over 64,000 patent applications, as announced by Union Minister of State for Science & Technology Dr Jitendra Singh during a tech-fest in New Delhi
• The 30th edition of the Confederation of Indian Industry Partnership Summit 2025 was inaugurated in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, by the Vice-President of India, C. P. Radhakrishnan
• The Supreme Court of India has directed the Jharkhand government to declare the Saranda Forest as a wildlife sanctuary, aiming to safeguard one of India’s richest ecological zones from increasing developmental and mining pressures
• Ambaji Marble, known for its milky white colour, durability, and historical value, has received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag, issued by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under the Ministry of Commerce & Industry.
• The 56th edition of IFFI will be held in Goa from 20–28 November 2025.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), imposed a monetary penalty of ₹39.60 lakh on Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Limited.
• Axis Bank Limited organised the 10th edition of EVOLVE, its flagship multi-city knowledge series for MSMEs, in Kozhikode, Kerala.
• India’s wholesale inflation stood at 0.13% in September, before turning negative in October 2025.
• The State Bank of India (SBI) will discontinue the mCASH sending and claiming facility on OnlineSBI and YONO Lite from 30 November 2025, making the service unavailable from 1 December 2025.
• The United Arab Emirates (UAE) completed its first government transaction using the Digital Dirham, a central bank digital currency (CBDC), in under two minutes.
• The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions (MoPP&P) announced the second consecutive extension of Mallika Srinivasan’s tenure as Chairperson of the Public Enterprises Selection Board (PESB).
• Nippon Life India Asset Management (NAM India) approved a strategic collaboration with Germany-based DWS Group, one of Europe’s leading asset managers.
• The Indian Navy unveiled the crest of INS Mahe, the first ship of the indigenously designed Mahe-class Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC).
• The Annual Navy Education Society (NES) Conference 2025 was held at the Eastern Naval Command, Visakhapatnam, from 10–13 November 2025.
• The Ministry of Defence signed a ₹2,095 crore deal with Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) to procure INVAR Anti-Tank Guided Missiles (ATGMs) under the Buy (Indian) category, promoting Aatmanirbharta in defence.
• India inaugurated the Nyoma Airbase in Ladakh, where Air Chief Marshal AP Singh landed a C-130J aircraft.
• The Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL) of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has developed new-generation Man-portable Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (MP-AUVs) for Mine Countermeasure (MCM) operations.
• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has announced a major expansion plan to strengthen lunar exploration, human spaceflight, and the creation of an Indian Space Station, marking a new era of growth and innovation.
• Godrej Enterprises Group (GEG) Aerospace Division delivered the first human-rated L110 Stage Vikas Engine to ISRO’s Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) in Bengaluru, Karnataka.
• Padma Shri awardee Saalumarada Thimmakka, renowned as the “Tree Woman of India”, passed away at the age of 114 in Bengaluru, Karnataka.