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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Reserve Bank of India Opens Special Forex Window to Meet Daily Dollar Needs of State-Run Oil Companies

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) opened a special foreign exchange (forex) window to meet the entire daily US dollar requirements of three public sector Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) amid evolving forex market conditions.
• The three OMCs covered under the special forex facility are Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOC), Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL), and Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL).
• The special forex facility became effective on 12 October 2026 and will remain in operation until further notice.

Key Highlights :

• Under the facility, the RBI will sell US dollars to the three public sector OMCs through designated banks to support the orderly functioning of the forex market.
• The RBI prohibited Authorised Dealers (ADs) from allowing users to rebook cancelled foreign exchange derivative contracts involving the Indian rupee (INR), covering both deliverable and non-deliverable contracts.
• The restriction applies to contracts cancelled with any Authorised Dealer after the issuance of the RBI Directions, while rollover of forex derivative contracts at maturity remains permitted, subject to existing regulations.
• The RBI reduced the threshold for undertaking forex derivative transactions to hedge contracted exposures without establishing the underlying exposure from USD 100 million to USD 5 million, across all Authorised Dealers.
• The corresponding threshold for taking positions in exchange-traded rupee currency derivatives without establishing underlying exposure was also reduced from USD 100 million to USD 5 million, across all recognised stock exchanges taken together.
• Authorised Dealers must obtain and retain an undertaking from users entering into rupee forex derivative contracts to hedge contracted exposures, confirming that the same underlying exposure has not been hedged with another Authorised Dealer.
• For rupee forex derivative contracts with a notional value exceeding USD 2 million, Authorised Dealers must maintain a Foreign Exchange Risk Reserve (FERR) with the RBI in cash, equal to 20% of the rupee equivalent of the notional amount of each transaction, as specified in the Directions.
• The FERR requirement applies to rupee forex derivative contracts used to hedge current account exposures where the user purchases foreign currency against the Indian rupee.
• The RBI increased the minimum daily maintenance requirement for the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) of scheduled banks from 90% to 99% of the prescribed CRR requirement, effective from the reporting fortnight beginning 16 October 2026.

Reserve Bank of India Expands Benchmark Issuance Strategy Framework to Seven More States and Jammu and Kashmir, Covering 26 States and Union Territories

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) extended its Benchmark Issuance Strategy (BIS) framework to seven additional states and the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, increasing the total coverage to 26 states and Union Territories.
• The newly included states are Assam, Goa, Haryana, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura, along with the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
• The latest expansion of the BIS framework will take effect from the October–December quarter of FY 2026–27 (Q3 FY27).
• The Benchmark Issuance Strategy (BIS) aims to improve transparency in state government borrowing and provide greater clarity to investors regarding the issuance of State Development Loans (SDLs).
• The RBI initially introduced the BIS framework on a pilot basis in Q1 FY27 for nine states: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.
• In Q2 FY27, the framework was extended to nine additional states and the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, increasing its coverage to 19 states and Union Territories before the latest expansion.
• The RBI estimated that total market borrowing by state governments and Union Territories would be approximately ₹3.61 lakh crore during October–December 2026.
• The RBI stated that the actual borrowing amounts and participating states/UTs would be announced two to three days before the respective auctions, depending on government requirements, Central Government approval under the Constitution, and prevailing market conditions.
• The RBI will endeavour to conduct auctions in a non-disruptive manner and distribute state borrowings evenly throughout the quarter, while retaining flexibility to modify auction dates and amounts in consultation with the respective state governments and Union Territories.

Ageas Federal Life Insurance Launches Aurum Advantage Plan, GIFT City’s First Multi-Currency Unit-Linked Insurance Plan

• Ageas Federal Life Insurance (AFLI) launched the Aurum Advantage Plan, a multi-currency Unit-Linked Insurance Plan (ULIP), at GIFT City, Gujarat.
• The Aurum Advantage Plan is the company’s first product launched at GIFT City’s International Financial Services Centre (IFSC).
• The launch marks the commencement of Ageas Federal Life Insurance’s operations at GIFT City.
• The plan allows customers to invest in three currencies: US dollars (USD), euros (EUR), and British pounds (GBP), while also providing life insurance coverage.
• The investment options include international equities, fixed-income instruments, and gold, enabling diversification across geographical markets and asset classes.
• The plan is available to customers of any nationality, irrespective of residential status, including Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs), and Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs).
• The minimum investment is USD 3,000, EUR 3,000, or GBP 3,000, depending on the currency selected.

Reserve Bank of India Records All-Time High Net Dollar Purchases of USD 18.65 Billion in July: Monthly Bulletin

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recorded a record net purchase of USD 18.65 billion in July 2026, compared with USD 561 million in June 2026, according to its monthly bulletin.
• The July 2026 net dollar purchase surpassed the previous record of USD 18.63 billion in June 2021.
• During July 2026, the RBI purchased USD 38.42 billion and sold USD 19.77 billion in the foreign exchange market.
• The RBI’s concessional swap facility, launched in early June 2026, attracted USD 40.82 billion in inflows by the end of July, mainly through FCNR(B) deposits, external commercial borrowings (ECBs), and overseas foreign currency borrowings.
• The RBI’s cumulative net dollar purchases in FY2026–27 (FY27) reached USD 4.17 billion by July, reversing the net selling trend recorded in FY26.
• India’s foreign exchange reserves increased to USD 692.87 billion at the end of July 2026, from USD 666.93 billion at the end of June 2026.
• India’s foreign exchange reserves stood at USD 765.9 billion in the week ended 18 September 2026, according to the latest RBI data cited in the report.
• The RBI’s outstanding net short dollar position in the forward market reached a record USD 136.77 billion at the end of July 2026, compared with USD 103.33 billion at the end of June 2026.
• Of the total net short dollar position, USD 91.54 billion was in contracts maturing after more than one year, while USD 47.66 billion was in positions maturing within one year.
• The Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) of the Indian rupee stood at 92 in August 2026, compared with 88.69 in July 2026.
• REER adjusts the Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) for inflation differences between India and its major trading partners; a value above 100 indicates appreciation relative to the base year, which can make Indian exports less competitive.

Reserve Bank of India Bulletin Projects Private Sector Capital Expenditure to Increase to ₹3.2 Trillion in FY27

• According to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) September 2026 Bulletin, private-sector capital expenditure (capex) is projected to rise to ₹3.2 trillion in FY2026–27 (FY27), compared with ₹2.6 trillion in FY2025–26 (FY26).
• The aggregate cost of private-sector projects reached a record ₹4.4 trillion in FY26, compared with ₹3.7 trillion in FY25, reflecting sustained private-sector investment confidence.
• The infrastructure sector remained the largest contributor to private-sector investment in FY26, accounting for 2% of the total project cost.
• Within infrastructure, the power sector was the primary driver of investment, followed by roads and bridges.
• Besides infrastructure, construction, chemicals and pesticides, metal and metal products, and cement accounted for significant shares of the total project cost.
• Maharashtra ranked first among Indian states in attracting capital expenditure projects in FY26, followed by Gujarat, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
• These six states collectively accounted for 1% of the total project cost in FY26.
• The shares of Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Karnataka in the total project cost improved compared with the previous financial year.
• The report noted that financing through External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs) strengthened during FY26, while funds mobilised through Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)
• In FY26, banks and financial institutions sanctioned 12 mega projects and 100 large projects.
• Mega projects accounted for 0%, while large projects accounted for 51.3% of the total cost of projects sanctioned by banks and financial institutions.
• Greenfield projects (new projects) accounted for 2% of the total project cost reported by banks and financial institutions in FY26, reflecting capacity expansion and confidence in the medium-term growth outlook.
• Alternative financing channels, including ECBs, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and private placements, have broadened the financing base for corporate investment.
• The financial position of Indian companies has strengthened due to deleveraging and robust internal accruals.
• The domestic banking system continues to support economic activity through strong capital and liquidity buffers, improved asset quality, and sustained credit growth.
• The report was authored by Purnendu Kumar, Snigdha Yogindran, Sukti Khandekar, and Bhavyashree K of the RBI’s Department of Statistics and Information Management.

Reserve Bank of India Data Shows Non-Resident Indian Deposit Inflows Surge Over Sixfold to USD 36.2 Billion in April–July FY27

• According to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) data, inflows into Non-Resident Indian (NRI) deposit schemes surged by 2% to USD 36.24 billion during April–July FY2026–27, compared with USD 4.66 billion in the corresponding period of FY2025–26.
• The sharp increase in NRI deposits was primarily driven by strong inflows into Foreign Currency Non-Resident (Bank) [FCNR(B)] deposits.

Key Highlights :

• The RBI introduced a concessional swap facility in June 2026, which led to the mobilisation of USD 133 billion by 31 August 2026.
• Total outstanding NRI deposits reached USD 200.89 billion at the end of July 2026, compared with USD 167.86 billion in July 2025 and USD 168.51 billion in June 2026.
• FCNR(B) deposits recorded inflows of USD 34.53 billion during April–July FY27, compared with USD 772 million in the same period of FY26.
• Outstanding FCNR(B) deposits increased to USD 68.28 billion in July 2026.
• Non-Resident External (NRE) deposits recorded inflows of USD 207 million during April–July FY27, compared with USD 2.42 billion in the corresponding period of FY26.
• Outstanding NRE deposits stood at USD 98.02 billion in July 2026, down from USD 102.03 billion in July 2025.
• Non-Resident Ordinary (NRO) deposits recorded inflows of USD 1.51 billion during April–July FY27, compared with USD 1.47 billion in the corresponding period of FY26.
• Outstanding NRO deposits totalled USD 34.59 billion in July 2026.
• Outward remittances under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS) for resident individuals increased by 7% year-on-year to USD 9.37 billion during April–July FY27, mainly due to increased overseas investments.
• Remittances for investment in equity and debt instruments doubled to USD 1.4 billion during the period.
• Deposit-related remittances increased by 3% to USD 330.32 million, while remittances for purchasing immovable property rose by 13.34% to USD 185.33 million.
• Foreign travel-related remittances declined by 31% year-on-year to USD 5.27 billion during April–July FY27.
• Remittances for overseas education fell by 6% year-on-year to USD 472.66 million.
• In July 2026, outward remittances under LRS increased by 3% year-on-year to USD 2.45 billion, supported by overseas investments and increased international travel.

Reserve Bank of India Panel Recommends Higher Ways and Means Advances Limits for States and Calls for More Balanced Borrowing Throughout the Year

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) advisory committee has recommended increasing the aggregate Ways and Means Advances (WMA) limit for state governments by 2% to ₹67,839 crore, from the existing ₹61,008 crore.
• The committee recommended that WMA limits be reviewed annually based on the latest three years of accounts data, with the annual increase generally capped at 4%; however, a revised limit should not be lower than the existing limit.
• Ways and Means Advances (WMA) enable state governments to meet temporary mismatches between cash receipts and expenditure and should not be used to finance budget deficits.
• The aggregate WMA limit increased from ₹32,225 crore in February 2016 to ₹41,893 crore in April 2020, ₹47,010 crore in April 2022, ₹60,118 crore in July 2024, and ₹61,008 crore in January 2026.
• The committee recommended that state governments spread their market borrowings more evenly throughout the financial year instead of concentrating them in January–March, which can increase borrowing costs and create excess cash balances.
• The committee recommended wider adoption of the Benchmark Issuance Strategy, under which states issue benchmark-sized securities to improve their liquidity; most states have adopted it from FY2026–27.
• The maximum continuous overdraft period for a state government may be reduced from 14 to 10 working days.
• The maximum number of working days a state can remain in overdraft during a calendar quarter may be reduced from 36 to 30 working days.
• The committee proposed increasing the share of Consolidated Sinking Fund (CSF) investments eligible for accessing the RBI’s Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) from 50% to 75%.
• States have been advised to gradually increase their Consolidated Sinking Fund (CSF) and Guarantee Redemption Fund (GRF) balances to at least 5% of their outstanding marketable debt or guarantees.
• The committee recommended that states that have not joined the CSF and GRF arrangements should join them to strengthen debt management and financial stability.

Reserve Bank of India Issues Clarifications on Novation Rules for Over-the-Counter Derivative Contracts

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) clarified its directions on the novation of Over-the-Counter (OTC) derivative contracts following feedback on its draft directions.
• The Mark-to-Market (MTM) value of an OTC derivative contract must be exchanged upfront between the transferor and transferee when the contract is novated.
• The directions apply to novations undertaken after the date of issuance, covering both existing outstanding contracts and contracts entered into subsequently.
• Novation undertaken by a Central Counterparty (CCP) for settlement purposes is excluded from the directions; however, any subsequent novation of a contract already accepted for settlement by a CCP must comply with the revised directions.
• The definition of “remaining party” has been expanded to include a market maker or a Central Counterparty (CCP).
• If a CCP is the remaining party, novation must follow the procedure specified by that CCP.
• The RBI rejected the proposal to permit novation when both the transferor and transferee are users, including transfers to a company’s central treasury or group entity.
• At least one party to an OTC derivative transaction must be an RBI-authorised market maker or Central Counterparty (CCP).
• For novations arising from mergers, demergers, or amalgamations, the existing RBI framework under the 9 December 2013 circular on “Novation of OTC Derivative Contracts” will continue to apply.
• The definition of market maker will be linked to the relevant governing directions for the specific OTC derivative contract, rather than using one common definition.

Securities Appellate Tribunal Closes Appeals Filed by Five Foreign Portfolio Investors Named in the Hindenburg Report

• The Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) disposed of appeals filed by five foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) named in the Hindenburg Research report concerning the Adani Group.
• The appeals were disposed of after the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) agreed to share the file, nothing prepared by the adjudicating officer.
• The five FPIs were LTS Investment Fund, Asia Investment Corporation Mauritius, APMS Investment Fund, Albula Investment Fund, and Cresta Fund.
• The FPIs referred to Rule 4(3) of the SEBI (Procedure for Holding Inquiry and Imposing Penalties) Rules, 1995, in their appeals.
• Under Rule 4(3), the FPIs argued that the adjudicating officer must consider the noticees’ response to a show-cause notice before forming an opinion on whether a formal inquiry should be held.
• SEBI opposed the maintainability of the appeals before the Securities Appellate Tribunal.

 CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

Lakshadweep Declared 100% Literate Union Territory Under ULLAS Programme

• Lakshadweep was declared a 100% literate Union Territory by Administrator Praful Patel at a function held in Kavaratti, the capital of Lakshadweep.
• The achievement was recorded under ULLAS – Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram, also known as the New India Literacy Programme, a Centrally Sponsored Scheme for adult education.

Key Highlights

• An initial survey identified 1,113 adult non-literate learners across the islands, and all eligible learners cleared the Foundational Literacy and Numeracy Assessment Test (FLNAT).
• The Department of Education conducted intensive teaching and assessment programmes for the identified learners.
• Teachers and supervisors also volunteered to conduct doorstep and home-based assessments for learners unable or hesitant to attend designated centres. Follow-up assessments and re-testing were arranged to help eligible learners complete the evaluation.
• ULLAS targets adults aged 15 years and above who did not receive formal schooling. It aims to provide foundational literacy and numeracy, along with critical life skills such as financial, digital and legal literacy.
• The programme also provides opportunities for learners to pursue basic education, vocational skills and continuing education, with community participation and volunteer support playing an important role.
• The declaration is based on the assessment of eligible adult learners identified under the programme.
• This differs from the Census of India’s conventional literacy definition, which considers people aged 7 years and above literate if they can read and write with understanding in any language.

About Lakshadweep:

• Administrator: Praful Khoda Patel
• Capital: Kavaratti
• National Parks: None
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Pitti (Bird) Wildlife Sanctuary

Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology Selects CoRover.ai to Develop Agentic Artificial Intelligence Platform for Government Services

• The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) selected CoRover.ai to develop a unified agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) platform for government services, with DigiLocker chosen as its first implementation.
• The contract was awarded by the National e-Governance Division (NeGD) following a quality-and-cost-based selection process.

Key Highlights

• CoRover.ai ranked first with a score of 100, followed by Kyndryl Solutions with 91.24, according to the government’s evaluation document.
• The platform aims to provide a common system through which government departments can develop and deploy AI assistants and bots for different services, instead of creating separate systems for individual applications.
• The initial DigiLocker implementation is expected to allow users to interact with the platform through an AI assistant for tasks involving documents and connected government systems.
• The DigiLocker project includes a four-month development phase, followed by 12 months of operations and maintenance support.
• The platform will provide tools to develop and manage AI agents, along with controls for model and prompt management, monitoring and security. It will also include safeguards against prompt injection and jailbreak attempts and monitoring of agent activity, task completion, failures, response delays and AI-related costs.
• CoRover.ai, the developer of the BharatGPT platform, stated that more than 80 companies participated in the tender, of which six companies were subsequently empanelled for pan-India implementation.

Centre Approves ₹65 Crore DRISHTI Project to Strengthen the PM-UDAY Scheme in Delhi

• The Central Government approved a ₹65 crore project under DRISHTI (Delhi Revenue and Imaging Survey, Spatial Technology Initiative) to modernise property surveys and mapping in Delhi’s unauthorised colonies under the Pradhan Mantri-Unauthorized Colonies in Delhi Awas Adhikar Yojana (PM-UDAY).
• The project’s total cost of ₹65 crore will be funded through a ₹52 crore grant (80%) from the Urban Development Fund (UDF) of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, while the remaining ₹13 crore (20%) will be contributed by the Revenue Department of the Delhi Government.

Key Highlights

• The Revenue Department of the Delhi Government will implement the project using modern geospatial and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to make property surveys, mapping and documentation more transparent, systematic and time-bound.
• PM-UDAY Cells will be established in all 13 districts of Delhi, along with a branch at the headquarters, to streamline property surveys and documentation.
• The ₹52 crore grant from the Urban Development Fund will be released in four instalments. If procurement is carried out through the Government e-Marketplace (GeM), the entire approved amount may be released in a single instalment, subject to prescribed conditions.
• The PM-UDAY Scheme aims to provide ownership and property transfer rights to eligible residents of Delhi’s notified unauthorised colonies, strengthening the legal security of their homes and properties.
• The Delhi Development Authority (DDA), the Revenue Department of the Delhi Government and the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) are associated with the implementation of the PM-UDAY Scheme.

About Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology:

• Cabinet Minister: Ashwini Vaishnaw
• Constituency: Rajya Sabha, Odisha
• Ministers of State (MoS): Jitin Prasada

Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses Completes One Year to Boost Domestic Production

• The Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses completed its first year, advancing India’s goal of achieving self-sufficiency in pulses by 2030–31 by increasing domestic production, reducing import dependence and improving farmers’ incomes.
• Launched on 11 October 2025, the Mission has a total outlay of ₹11,440 crore for the period 2025–26 to 2030–31.
• By 2030–31, the Mission aims to increase pulses production to 350 lakh tonnes, productivity to 1,130 kilograms per hectare and cultivation area to 310 lakh hectares, including expansion into 35 lakh hectares of additional land.
• The Mission focuses on Tur, Urad and Masur, promoting high-yielding, pest-resistant and climate-resilient varieties.
• It plans to distribute 87.5 lakh free seed kits and 126 lakh quintals of certified seeds over six years. Seed traceability will be supported through the Seed Authentication, Traceability and Holistic Inventory (SATHI) Portal.

Key Highlights

• The National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India (NAFED) and the National Cooperative Consumers’ Federation of India (NCCF) will procure 100% of Tur, Urad and Masur offered by registered and willing farmers at the Minimum Support Price (MSP) in participating States for four years, from 2025–26 to 2028–29, under the Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan (PM-AASHA).
• Region-specific interventions will be implemented across 489 districts, including pulse cultivation in rice-fallow areas, intercropping and crop diversification.
• Processing infrastructure: The Mission aims to establish 1,000 processing and packaging units, with financial assistance of up to ₹25 lakh per unit, to promote value addition and rural employment.
• Food processing projects: Under the Creation and Expansion of Food Processing and Preservation Capacities (CEFPPC) component of the Pradhan Mantri Kisan SAMPADA Yojana (PMKSY), 23 pulse-processing units have been approved, of which 18 have been completed.
• Nearly 2 crore farmers are expected to benefit through assured procurement, improved seeds and stronger value-chain support.
• The Mission promotes technology adoption, soil-health management and mechanisation through the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) and State agricultural departments.
• A three-tier Steering Committee at the national, State and district levels monitors planning, implementation and progress.
• The Krishi Mapper application enables geo-fencing, land geo-tagging and real-time tracking of seed-variety demonstrations and crop yields.
• The SATHI Portal digitises the seed supply chain, covering seed production, certification and sale throughout the seed life cycle.
• AgriStack and the Digital Crop Survey integrate Farmer IDs, Soil Health Card analytics and verified plot surveys to support targeted nutrient delivery and more accurate harvest forecasts.
• E-Samriddhi and Vistaar support direct payments, real-time market information and monitoring of domestic pulse prices, helping improve transparency and market stability.
• According to the Third Advance Estimates for 2025–26, India’s pulse production reached 274.09 lakh tonnes, compared with 256.83 lakh tonnes in 2024–25.
• Pulse cultivation expanded to 286.46 lakh hectares in 2025–26, from 277.20 lakh hectares in the previous year. Productivity increased to 957 kilograms per hectare, compared with 926 kilograms per hectare.
• In 2025–26, the value of pulse imports declined by 31.52%, while the value of exports increased by 13.40%.
• The leading pulse-growing States include Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal.
• India’s key pulse export destinations include China, the United Arab Emirates, Bangladesh, the United States of America and Sri Lanka.

Right to Protest and Preventive Detention Under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023

• Protests in New Delhi, including demonstrations against the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC), reportedly resulted in the detention of young people, journalists and activists.
• The Delhi Police invoked Section 163 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, to restrict unauthorised assemblies and used Sections 170 and 172 for preventive police action.
• The police action attracted criticism, with the United Nations expressing concern over mass detentions and legal experts questioning the procedural grounds.
• The Supreme Court intervened in the matter, bringing attention to the balance between maintaining public order and protecting the right to protest.

Key Highlights

• Under Article 19 of the Constitution of India, citizens enjoy the right to freedom of speech and expression and the right to assemble peacefully without arms, subject to reasonable constitutional restrictions. The use of prohibitory orders must be justified by the circumstances and proportionate to the threat to public order.
• In Ram Manohar Lohia v. State of Bihar (1966), the Supreme Court explained the distinction between law and order, public order and security of the State through the concept of three concentric circles. Law and order concerns disturbances affecting individuals, public order involves disruptions affecting the normal life of a community, and security of the State concerns threats to the nation's security or existence.
• Under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution, Entries 1 (Public Order) and 2 (Police) of the State List generally fall under State Government jurisdiction. However, under Article 239AA, introduced by the 69th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1991, public order, police and land are excluded from the legislative competence of the National Capital Territory of Delhi and remain under the Union Government.
• Section 163 of the BNSS, 2023, replaced the earlier Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. It empowers Executive Magistrates, including District Magistrates and Sub-Divisional Magistrates, to issue written orders to prevent urgent threats to public order, safety and tranquillity. Such orders may restrict assemblies when legally justified.
• The concept of an unlawful assembly involving five or more persons with an unlawful common object is defined under Section 189(1) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, which replaced Section 141 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860. Section 163 may be invoked to prevent riots, violent disturbances, danger to human life and threats to public peace. Orders ordinarily remain in force for up to two months and may be extended by the State Government for a further period, subject to the statutory maximum of six months.
• Article 22 of the Constitution provides safeguards concerning arrest and detention and contains specific provisions governing preventive detention. However, these powers must be balanced against the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 to prevent arbitrary state action.
• Under Section 170 of the BNSS, 2023, police may arrest a person without a warrant or an order from a Magistrate when they know of a design to commit a cognizable offence and believe that the offence cannot otherwise be prevented. Detention under this provision cannot ordinarily exceed 24 hours, unless further detention is authorised by law.
• Section 172 of the BNSS, 2023, requires compliance with lawful police directions issued in the discharge of preventive duties. It empowers police to detain or remove a person who resists, refuses or disregards such directions, subject to legal safeguards and requirements concerning production before a Magistrate or release.

Kerala Government Launches WOMN Initiative to Promote Menstrual Hygiene and Women’s Mobility

• The Kerala Government launched WOMN (Women On the Move & Menstrual Needs) to improve access to sanitary napkins for women and girls in public places and during travel.
• Inauguration Kerala Minister for Women and Child Development Bindhu Krishna inaugurated the state-level initiative at the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) Bus Terminal in Thampanoor, Thiruvananthapuram.

Key Highlights

• The facilities will be extended to 93 additional KSRTC depots across Kerala. The government also plans to expand the initiative beyond bus terminals to major tourist destinations and other public spaces.
• As part of the initial phase, sanitary napkin vending machines and incinerators are being installed at 14 KSRTC hubs, near restroom facilities.
• The initiative was launched under the Kerala Government’s 100-day action plan to make sanitary napkins accessible and affordable in public spaces and during travel.
• Minister Bindhu Krishna emphasised that menstrual hygiene is essential to women’s health and dignity. The phased implementation aims to promote safe, confident and independent mobility for women.
• The initiative forms part of the department’s broader efforts to strengthen women’s security, health, financial self-reliance, social participation and dignity.

Kerala Legislative Assembly Passes Resolution Seeking Removal of Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar

• Kerala Chief Minister V. D. Satheesan moved a resolution in the Kerala Legislative Assembly seeking the removal of Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar, describing it as a historic moment for the state.
• The resolution was supported by legislators of the Congress-led United Democratic Front (UDF) and the Communist Party of India (Marxist)-led Left Democratic Front (LDF), while the three Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) legislators opposed it.
• The 140-member Kerala Legislative Assembly comprises 102 UDF members, 35 LDF members and 3 BJP members.

Key Highlights

• The resolution raised concerns over alleged irregularities in the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls, the exclusion of eligible voters and the impartiality of the Election Commission of India. It called for corrective measures to ensure that no eligible citizen is denied the right to vote.
• The resolution outlined demands to address irregularities in the SIR process, restore voting rights to eligible citizens allegedly excluded from electoral rolls, initiate proceedings to remove the Chief Election Commissioner and reform the committee responsible for selecting Election Commissioners.
• It proposed a selection committee comprising the Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha and the Chief Justice of India, with the aim of strengthening the independence and credibility of the Election Commission.

About Kerala:

• Chief Minister: V. D. Satheesan
• Governor: Om Prakash Mathur
• Capital: Thiruvananthapuram
• National Parks: Eravikulam National Park, Periyar National Park, Silent Valley National Park, Mathikettan Shola National Park, Anamudi Shola National Park, Pambadum Shola National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary, Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary, Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary, Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary, Kurinjimala Wildlife Sanctuary

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar Undertakes Official Visit to Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, and Ethiopia from 6–10 October 2026

• External Affairs Minister (EAM) Dr. S. Jaishankar, Union Minister for the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), undertook a 5-day official visit to three African countries — Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, and Ethiopia — from 6 to 10 October 2026.
• The visit aimed to strengthen India–Africa bilateral relations, particularly in trade, investment, and infrastructure development.
• During his visit to Ghana, Dr. S. Jaishankar held bilateral talks with Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa, Ghana’s Foreign Minister.
• India and Ghana reviewed cooperation in trade and investment, development partnership, pharmaceuticals, capacity building, defence, technology, and people-to-people ties.
• The visit to Ghana resulted in the signing of two Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) in the fields of agriculture and zoological research.
• During his visit to Côte d’Ivoire, Dr. S. Jaishankar held talks in Abidjan with Nialé Kaba, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.
• India and Côte d’Ivoire discussed cooperation in trade, infrastructure, agriculture, and healthcare.
• During his visit to Ethiopia, Dr. S. Jaishankar visited the National Palace Museum, Science Museum, and Ethiopian Artificial Intelligence Institute.
• In Ethiopia, he also visited the Adwa Victory Museum and laid a wreath at the Adwa Victory Monument.
• Dr. S. Jaishankar announced that India will organise the next edition of the Jaipur Artificial Limb Fitment Camp in Ethiopia.

About Ghana :

• President : John Dramani Mahama
• Capital : Accra
• Currency : Cedi

About Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire :

• President : Alassane Ouattara
• Prime Minister : Robert Beugré Mambé
• Capital : Yamoussoukro
• Currency : West African CFA franc

About Ethiopia :

• President : Taye Atske Selassie
• Prime Minister : Abiy Ahmed
• Capital : Addis Ababa
• Currency : Birr

Swiss President Guy Parmelin Undertakes Official Visit to India from 5–7 October 2026

• Guy Parmelin, President of Switzerland, undertook a 3-day official state visit to India from 5 to 7 October 2026 at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• The visit aimed to strengthen India–Switzerland bilateral cooperation in trade, investment, technology, and economic engagement under the India–EFTA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA).
• Swiss President Guy Parmelin received a ceremonial Guard of Honour at Rashtrapati Bhavan from President Droupadi Murmu.
• Guy Parmelin held bilateral talks with Prime Minister Narendra Modi at Hyderabad House, New Delhi, focusing on trade, investment, science, technology, mobility, culture, and people-to-people ties.
• The 2nd India–EFTA Prosperity Summit was held at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, with the participation of Guy Parmelin and Narendra Modi.
• The summit marked the first anniversary of the India–EFTA TEPA, which came into force on 1 October 2025.
• India and Switzerland signed five key agreements to strengthen cooperation in mobility, science, and technology.
• India and Switzerland jointly unveiled the Indo-Swiss Research Flagship (ISRF) at the inaugural Indo-Swiss Research Flagship event held in New Delhi, Delhi.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi gifted three special cheeses named Gulmarg, Konark, and Yeoor to the Swiss President.
• Modi also gifted a hand-carved Kashmiri walnut-wood wall panel to Guy Parmelin and a Kutchi shawl placed in a Sadeli box to his wife, Caroline Parmelin.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

President Droupadi Murmu Appoints Four New State Governors and Reassigns Governors in Two States

• President Droupadi Murmu appointed Governors in six States as part of a major gubernatorial reshuffle.
• Om Prakash Mathur, the former Governor of Sikkim, has been appointed as the Governor of Kerala (Keralam).
• Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar, the former Governor of Kerala, has been appointed as the Governor of Tamil Nadu after holding its additional charge since March 2026.
• Dushyant Gautam has been appointed as the Governor of Sikkim.
• Braj Mohan Ram, a senior BJP leader from the Palamu region of Jharkhand, has been appointed as the Governor of Odisha.
• Sudha Yadav, a former BJP MP, has been appointed as the Governor of Karnataka.
• Dhal Singh Bisen, a BJP leader from Madhya Pradesh, has been appointed as the Governor of Uttarakhand.
• The appointments will take effect from the dates on which the appointees assume charge of their respective offices.

Key Highlights :

• Om Prakash Mathur was born on 2 January 1952 in Bedal village, Pali district, Rajasthan, and began his political career as a Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) worker in 1972.
• Mathur served as BJP Rajasthan State President in 2008–2009 and held organisational responsibilities in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Chhattisgarh.
• Mathur served as a Rajya Sabha MP from Rajasthan for two terms: 2008–2014 and 2016–2022, and was a member of the BJP’s Central Election Committee.
• Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar was born on 23 April 1954 in Panaji, Goa, and joined the BJP in 1989.
• Arlekar served as Speaker of the Goa Legislative Assembly from 2012 to 2017 and helped introduce a paperless system in the Goa Assembly during his tenure.
• Arlekar previously served as Governor of Himachal Pradesh in 2021 and Governor of Bihar in 2023 before becoming Governor of Kerala in January 2025.
• Sudha Yadav holds a master’s degree in Chemistry (1987) and a PhD in Chemistry from IIT Roorkee (1992).
• Yadav entered electoral politics in 1999, won the Lok Sabha election from Mahendragarh, Haryana, and served as an MP from 1999 to 2004.
• Sudha Yadav entered politics following the death of her husband, Sukhbir Singh Yadav, a Border Security Force (BSF) officer, during the Kargil War in 1999.
• Dhal Singh Bisen was born on 14 May 1952 in Pipria village, Seoni district, Madhya Pradesh, and has a background in Ayurvedic medicine and agriculture.
• Bisen was elected to the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly four times between 1990 and 2003 and served as a state minister from 2003 to 2005.
• Bisen became chairman of the Madhya Pradesh Fourth Finance Commission in 2011 and represented Balaghat in the 17th Lok Sabha from 2019 to 2024.
• Dushyant Gautam was born on 29 December 1957 in Delhi and served as a municipal councillor in Delhi from 1997 to 2002.
• Gautam represented Haryana in the Rajya Sabha from 2020 to 2022 and served as the BJP’s national general secretary.
• Braj Mohan Ram was born on 1 January 1958 in Chandwa, in the then Palamu district of Bihar, now part of Jharkhand.
• Ram served as a member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly from 1991 to 1995 and was elected to the Lok Sabha from Palamu in 1996, 1998 and 1999.
• During his parliamentary career, Braj Mohan Ram served on committees dealing with Home Affairs, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes welfare, Energy, Coal, Transport and Tourism.
• For constitutional GK, remember that the President appoints State Governors under Article 155 of the Indian Constitution, and Article 156 deals with their term of office.

Prof. Achyuta Samanta Becomes the Inaugural President of the Indian UniSport Federation

• Achyuta Samanta, founder of the Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) and the Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS), was elected the first President of the Indian UniSport Federation (IUSF).
• The election took place at the first Annual General Meeting (AGM) of the IUSF, held in New Delhi, Delhi.
• The Indian UniSport Federation (IUSF) was established in 2026 with the approval of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (MYAS).
• The IUSF aims to provide a common platform for universities across India to promote university-level sports.
• Achyuta Samanta served as a Rajya Sabha Member of Parliament from Odisha in 2018.
• He later served as a Lok Sabha MP from Kandhamal, Odisha, from 2019 to 2024, representing the Biju Janata Dal (BJD).
• He served on the executive bodies of both the University Grants Commission (UGC) and the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), becoming the first Odia to serve on both simultaneously.
• He also headed the Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA) and the Volleyball Federation of India (VFI).
• He received the National Award for Child Welfare in 2016 from the President of India for his institutional welfare work.
• He received the Gusi Peace Prize International in 2014 in recognition of his contributions to society.
• He received the International Social Award (ISA) in 2015 from the Kingdom of Bahrain.
• He was also honoured with the Best Worker Award by the Republic of Mongolia.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh Launches Multilingual Department of Science and Technology and MoS&T Websites to Enhance Access to Scientific Information

• Dr.Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoS&T) and the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), launched the redeveloped websites of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the Ministry of Science and Technology.
• The websites were redeveloped to make scientific information, research opportunities, and government services more accessible to citizens.
• The portals support 22 languages through integration with BHASHINI (Bhasha Interface for India).
• The redeveloped websites comply with the Digital Brand Identity Manual (DBIM) 3.0 and the Guidelines for Indian Government Websites and Apps (GIGW) 3.0.
• The portals provide single-window access to information on research grants, fellowships, government schemes, calls for proposals, application guidelines, awards, results, and notifications.
• The websites cater to students, researchers, educational and research institutions, innovators, start-ups, and citizens.
• Accessibility features include adjustable font sizes, high-contrast display, link highlighting, spacing adjustments, and screen-reader compatibility.
• The websites use a Modular Content Management System (CMS) to support efficient content management.
• Website security is strengthened through Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) encryption and cybersecurity assessments aligned with applicable Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) guidelines.
• A Content Delivery Network (CDN) has been integrated to provide faster and more reliable access to website content.
• The websites were jointly developed by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), National Informatics Centre (NIC), the project management team, and the development agency.
• The final website content was curated and validated by DST’s internal divisions.

Tata Power Collaborates with Norway’s Ocean Sun to Introduce Floating Solar Technology in India

• Tata Power Company Limited partnered with Ocean Sun, a Norway-based renewable energy technology company, to introduce membrane-based floating solar technology in India.
• The partnership agreement was signed on 7 October 2026 during the 2nd India–European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Prosperity Summit in New Delhi, Delhi.
• The partnership aims to strengthen India–Norway cooperation in clean energy.
• The project involves a floating solar pilot of nearly 300 kilowatt-peak (kWp) at the Mulshi reservoir in Maharashtra.
• The Mulshi reservoir project will mark Ocean Sun’s first installation in India.
• Under the partnership, Ocean Sun will provide the technology, while Tata Power will own the project assets.
• Ocean Sun’s membrane-based floating solar technology places solar photovoltaic (PV) modules on a floating hydro-elastic membrane on the water’s surface.
• The pilot project will evaluate energy generation, Capacity Utilisation Factor (CUF), reliability, operations and maintenance (O&M), costs and commercial viability.
• According to the National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE), India has a floating solar energy potential of more than 102 gigawatt-peak (GWp).

CURRENT AFFAIRS : ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS

SBI Mutual Fund Raises Stake in Swiggy to 5.12% After Acquiring Shares Worth ₹300.6 Crore

• SBI Mutual Fund increased its shareholding in Swiggy from approximately 4.7% to 5.1% by purchasing shares worth around ₹300 crore.
• The investment was made through open-market transactions, making SBI Mutual Fund a significant institutional shareholder in Swiggy, a food delivery and quick-commerce company.
• SBI Mutual Fund’s shareholding crossed the 5% threshold in Swiggy following the share purchase.
• The investment came amid pressure on Swiggy’s stock price and concerns over business performance, particularly the costs of expanding its quick-commerce operations.
• SBI Mutual Fund is one of India’s oldest and largest asset management companies (AMCs) and is managed by SBI Funds Management Limited.
• SBI Mutual Fund was established in 1987 and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).
• State Bank of India (SBI) holds approximately 63% of SBI Mutual Fund, while Amundi of France holds around 37% through Amundi India Holding.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS AND AGREEMENT

National Capital Region Transport Corporation Signs Memorandum of Understanding with Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts to Promote Indian Culture at Namo Bharat Stations

• The National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) to promote Indian art, culture and heritage at Namo Bharat stations.
• The partnership aims to develop stations into cultural hubs through exhibitions, literary events, educational workshops and public lectures, offering commuters opportunities to explore Indian history and cultural traditions during their journeys.

Key Highlights

• The collaboration is particularly significant for the Delhi–Meerut Namo Bharat corridor, which connects Delhi, a major centre of Indian politics and culture, with Meerut, known for its historical monuments and association with the First War of Independence in 1857.
• The corridor serves approximately 1.1 lakh daily commuters and has recorded more than 4.5 crore journeys, highlighting its growing use as a regional transport service.
• Under the MoU, IGNCA will contribute its expertise in preserving and promoting India's cultural heritage, while NCRTC will provide suitable platforms at Namo Bharat stations for cultural programmes.
• The initiative will create opportunities for artists, students and cultural professionals to participate in activities that promote learning, public engagement and appreciation of India's diverse artistic traditions.
• The partnership supports NCRTC's broader vision of transforming Namo Bharat stations into vibrant social spaces that serve not only as transportation hubs but also as places for cultural exchange and community engagement.

National Statistics Office Signs Memorandum of Understanding with Pahle India Foundation to Strengthen Statistical Research

• The National Statistics Office (NSO) under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Pahle India Foundation (PIF), New Delhi, to strengthen cooperation in official statistics, research, data analysis, capacity building and knowledge sharing.
• The MoU establishes a broad framework for collaboration in areas of mutual interest, with specific activities to be undertaken according to the priorities of MoSPI.

Key Highlights

• The signing ceremony was attended by Dr. Saurabh Garg, Secretary, MoSPI; P. R. Meshram, Director General, MoSPI; Dr. Rajiv Kumar, Chairperson, Pahle India Foundation; and Ashish Kumar, Chief Statistician, Pahle India Foundation.
• The MoU was signed by Sunitha Bhaskar, Additional Director General, MoSPI, and Ravi Pokharna, Executive Director, Pahle India Foundation.
• Senior officials of MoSPI and representatives of the Pahle India Foundation also attended the ceremony.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

United Nations Children’s Fund India Appoints Smriti Mandhana as Celebrity Advocate for Adolescent Girls

• The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) India appointed Indian cricketer Smriti Mandhana as a Celebrity Advocate, coinciding with the International Day of the Girl.
• Mandhana will advocate equal opportunities, health and well-being for adolescent girls across India, including their participation in sports and opportunities to realise their potential.

Key Highlights

• She has previously supported UNICEF and the International Cricket Council (ICC) campaigns promoting gender equality and life skills, as well as UNICEF’s “Promise to Children” campaign. She emphasised that every child should have the opportunity to dream big.
• Sachin Tendulkar, UNICEF Regional Goodwill Ambassador for South Asia, welcomed Mandhana to UNICEF India through a social media post on 11 October 2026.
• According to the supplied report, Mandhana was named captain of the Indian women’s cricket team earlier that week, following Harmanpreet Kaur’s departure from the captaincy.
• The International Day of the Girl is observed annually on 11 October. The United Nations General Assembly established it in 2011, and the first observance took place in 2012 to promote girls’ rights, safety, potential and leadership.
• UNICEF was established in 1946 as the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. It works to protect children’s rights and promote their survival, development, education and well-being.
• The Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1989, sets out the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of children.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : OBITUARIES

Padma Shri Recipient and Renowned Mridangam Maestro Guruvayur Dorai Passed away at 91

• Renowned Mridangam maestro Guruvayur Dorai, a distinguished exponent of Carnatic classical music, passed away in Chennai, Tamil Nadu (TN), at the age of 91.

About Guruvayur Dorai :

• Guruvayur Dorai was born on 2 July 1935 in Guruvayur, Kerala.
• He received the Padma Shri in 2025 in the field of Arts for his outstanding contribution to Carnatic music and mridangam playing.
• The Mridangam is a double-headed percussion instrument used in Carnatic classical music.
• Guruvayur Dorai began performing at the age of eight, accompanying renowned Carnatic musician Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavathar for his debut performance (arangetram).
• His musical training included Palghat Subbaiyar and E. P. Narayana Pisharody, followed by advanced training under Palani Subramania Pillai.
• He served as the regular mridangam accompanist for M. S. Subbulakshmi for many years and performed with several leading Carnatic vocalists and instrumentalists.
• He was renowned for his mastery of the Pudukottai style of mridangam playing and his distinctive gumki technique, which produces deep, resonant bass tones.
• He received the Kalaimamani Award in 1990 in recognition of his contribution to the arts.
• He received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1996 for his contribution to Indian classical music.
• Throughout his eight-decade-long musical career, Guruvayur Dorai trained numerous students and contributed to preserving and promoting Carnatic percussion.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

World Arthritis Day 2026 – 12 October

• World Arthritis Day is observed annually on 12 October to raise awareness about arthritis and its impact on people’s lives.
• The theme of World Arthritis Day 2026 is “Achieve Your Dreams.”
• The Arthritis Foundation established World Arthritis Day to promote awareness of arthritis and related joint conditions.
• The term arthritis originates from the Greek words “arthro,” meaning joint, and “itis,” meaning inflammation. Arthritis refers to inflammation of the joints and includes conditions that can cause joint pain, stiffness and swelling.
• Arthritis affects humans and can also occur in other animals. Evidence of arthritis has been identified in prehistoric human remains dating back thousands of years, and evidence of arthritis-like conditions has also been found in dinosaur fossils.
• William Musgrave provided an early detailed study and classification of arthritis in his book De Arthritide Symptomatica, published in 1715.

Daily CA One- Liner: October 14

• Lakshadweep was declared a 100% literate Union Territory by Administrator Praful Patel at a function held in Kavaratti, the capital of Lakshadweep
• The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) selected ai to develop a unified agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) platform for government services, with DigiLocker chosen as its first implementation
• The Central Government approved a ₹65 crore project under DRISHTI (Delhi Revenue and Imaging Survey, Spatial Technology Initiative) to modernise property surveys and mapping in Delhi’s unauthorised colonies under the Pradhan Mantri-Unauthorized Colonies in Delhi Awas Adhikar Yojana
• The Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses completed its first year, advancing India’s goal of achieving self-sufficiency in pulses by 2030–31 by increasing domestic production, reducing import dependence and improving farmers’ incomes.
• Protests in New Delhi, including demonstrations against the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC), reportedly resulted in the detention of young people, journalists and activists
• The Kerala Government launched WOMN (Women On the Move & Menstrual Needs) to improve access to sanitary napkins for women and girls in public places and during travel
• Kerala Chief Minister V. D. Satheesan moved a resolution in the Kerala Legislative Assembly seeking the removal of Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar, describing it as a historic moment for the state
• The National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) to promote Indian art, culture and heritage at Namo Bharat stations
• The National Statistics Office (NSO) under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Pahle India Foundation (PIF), New Delhi, to strengthen cooperation in official statistics, research, data analysis, capacity building and knowledge sharing
• The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) India appointed Indian cricketer Smriti Mandhana as a Celebrity Advocate, coinciding with the International Day of the Girl
• World Arthritis Day is observed annually on 12 October to raise awareness about arthritis and its impact on people’s lives
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) opened a special foreign exchange (forex) window to meet the entire daily US dollar requirements of three public sector Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) amid evolving forex market conditions.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) extended its Benchmark Issuance Strategy (BIS) framework to seven additional states and the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, increasing the total coverage to 26 states and Union Territories.
• Ageas Federal Life Insurance (AFLI) launched the Aurum Advantage Plan, a multi-currency Unit-Linked Insurance Plan (ULIP), at GIFT City, Gujarat.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recorded a record net purchase of USD 18.65 billion in July 2026, compared with USD 561 million in June 2026, according to its monthly bulletin.
• According to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) September 2026 Bulletin, private-sector capital expenditure (capex) is projected to rise to ₹3.2 trillion in FY2026–27 (FY27), compared with ₹2.6 trillion in FY2025–26 (FY26).
• According to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) data, inflows into Non-Resident Indian (NRI) deposit schemes surged by 678.2% to USD 36.24 billion during April–July FY2026–27, compared with USD 4.66 billion in the corresponding period of FY2025–26.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) advisory committee has recommended increasing the aggregate Ways and Means Advances (WMA) limit for state governments by 11.2% to ₹67,839 crore, from the existing ₹61,008 crore.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) clarified its directions on the novation of Over-the-Counter (OTC) derivative contracts following feedback on its draft directions.
• The Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) disposed of appeals filed by five foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) named in the Hindenburg Research report concerning the Adani Group.
• External Affairs Minister (EAM) Dr. S. Jaishankar, Union Minister for the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), undertook a 5-day official visit to three African countries — Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, and Ethiopia — from 6 to 10 October 2026.
• Guy Parmelin, President of Switzerland, undertook a 3-day official state visit to India from 5 to 7 October 2026 at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• President Droupadi Murmu appointed Governors in six States as part of a major gubernatorial reshuffle.
• Achyuta Samanta, founder of the Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) and the Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS), was elected the first President of the Indian UniSport Federation (IUSF).
• Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoS&T) and the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), launched the redeveloped websites of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the Ministry of Science and Technology.
• Tata Power Company Limited partnered with Ocean Sun, a Norway-based renewable energy technology company, to introduce membrane-based floating solar technology in India.
• SBI Mutual Fund increased its shareholding in Swiggy from approximately 4.7% to 5.1% by purchasing shares worth around ₹300 crore.
• Renowned Mridangam maestro Guruvayur Dorai, a distinguished exponent of Carnatic classical music, passed away in Chennai, Tamil Nadu (TN), at the age of 91.