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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

India’s External Debt Jumps Over 10% to $736.3 Billion in FY25, Fastest Growth in 7 Years

• India’s external debt rose over 10% to $736.3 billion at the end of FY2024-25, marking the fastest expansion in seven years in dollar terms compared to $668.8 billion in FY2023-24.
• The debt-to-GDP ratio increased to 19.1% at end-March 2025, up from 18.5% at end-March 2024, though the government termed the position “modest.”
• India’s external debt sustainability is better than most Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs).
• Long-term debt formed 81.7% of total debt, while short-term debt accounted for 18.3%, with trade credits financing imports making up 96.8% of short-term debt.
• Non-financial corporations were the largest borrowers with $261.7 billion outstanding external debt at end-March 2025.
• Debt access came mainly from loans (34%), followed by currency & deposits (22.8%), trade credits (17.8%), and debt securities (17.7%).
• Commercial lenders were the largest creditors (39.6%), followed by NRI depositors (22.4%).
• In terms of currency denomination, the US Dollar was the largest component with 54.2% share, followed by the Indian Rupee (31.1%), yen (6.2%), SDR (4.6%), and euro (3.2%).

Reserve Bank of India purchases 4.16-acre Nariman Point land from Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Limited for ₹3,472 crore

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) purchased a 4.16-acre parcel of land at Nariman Point, Mumbai from the Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Limited (MMRCL).
• The deal was valued at ₹3,472 crore, with an additional stamp duty of ₹208.3 crore (registered on September 5, 2025).
• The land was acquired for self-use and commercial purposes; RBI’s headquarters remain in Fort, South Mumbai.
• The land had previously housed government departments and a political party office spread over 113,500 sq. ft., which required rehabilitation or relocation.
• Initially, RBI was obligated to provide alternate premises for rehabilitation, but this was waived after RBI paid a mutually agreed settlement.
• A payment of ₹600.82 crore was finalized to cover rehabilitation costs, releasing RBI from all past, present, or future obligations related to the area.
• The land transfer was completed on a freehold basis, giving RBI absolute ownership rights.

Securities and Exchange Board of India permits co-investment window within Alternative Investment Funds

• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has amended rules to permit Category I and II Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) to offer Co-Investment Opportunities (CIV schemes) directly to accredited investors, in addition to the existing Portfolio Management Services (PMS) route.
• Co-investment allows investors to invest alongside AIFs in unlisted securities of investee companies, giving them greater participation in fund investments.
• SEBI has clarified that co-investment through the CIV scheme will be managed by the AIF manager and will remain subject to specific conditions.
• CIV schemes will not be allowed to borrow funds or engage in any form of leverage.
• Investors will be permitted to invest up to three times their contribution through the AIF scheme in an investee company.

World Bank sanctions $212.64 million loan to support coastal communities in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka

• The World Bank has approved a $212.64 million loan for coastal communities in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
• The loan is part of the Strengthening Coastal Resilience and the Economy (SHORE) Programme.
• The financing is under the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).
• The project will support ecosystem conservation, plastic waste reduction, and job creation.
• The loan has a maturity of 23 years and a grace period of 6.5 years.
• The project will help the two states implement their coastal zone management plans.

About World Bank:

• The World Bank consists of 5 institutions: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), The International Development Association (IDA), The International Finance Corporation (IFC), The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).
• Founded Year: 1944
• Headquarters: Washington, D.C., United States
• President: Ajay Banga
• Members:189 countries

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

Union Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal Inaugurates Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority’s First Bihar Office in Patna

• Union Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal inaugurated the first regional office of the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) in Patna.
• The office will boost Bihar’s agri-export potential and provide farmers, exporters, and entrepreneurs direct access to APEDA services, reducing dependence on the Varanasi office.

Key Highlights

• APEDA, under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, is responsible for promoting agricultural exports, certification, market intelligence, and infrastructure support.
• The inauguration was attended by Deputy Chief Minister Samrat Chaudhary, Industries Minister Nitish Mishra, officials, FPOs, entrepreneurs, and farmer groups.
• Key event: 7-metric-ton consignment of GI-tagged Mithila Makhana flagged off to New Zealand, Canada, and the USA by woman entrepreneur Neha Arya.
• Bihar’s GI-tagged products include Mithila Makhana, Shahi Litchi, Jardalu Mango, and Magahi Pan, along with traditional sweets like Tilkut.
• APEDA’s initiatives in Bihar over the past three years include capacity-building for farmers, training on global standards, and international buyer-seller meets.
• The new office will empower farmers and FPOs, support women-led enterprises, enhance market access for high-value products, and strengthen Bihar’s role in India’s agri-export growth strategy.

All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi Becomes India’s First Government Medical College to Train on da Vinci Robotic Surgery System

• All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, became the first government medical college in India to offer training on the da Vinci Robotic Surgical System.
• Installed at AIIMS’ Skills, E-Learning and Telemedicine (SET) Facility, marking a major advancement in medical education and surgical innovation.

Key Highlights

• The da Vinci Surgical Robot, developed by Intuitive Surgical, allows minimally invasive surgery, 3D visualization, and faster patient recovery.
• Widely used in urology, gynecology, general surgery, oncology, and head & neck surgery.
• AIIMS SET Facility also houses the Hugo Robotic Trainer (Medtronic), making AIIMS the only institution in India with two robotic systems for training.
• Training is offered to medical students, residents, faculty members, nurses, and healthcare professionals using simulators and manikins.
• The initiative prepares the next generation of surgeons and strengthens India’s healthcare sector.

India Votes in Favour of United Nations General Assembly Resolution on Palestine Two-State Solution

• India voted in favour of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolution endorsing the “New York Declaration” on the peaceful settlement of the Palestine issue through the two-state solution.
• The resolution was adopted on 12 September 2025 with 142 countries supporting, 10 opposing, and 12 abstaining.

Key Highlights

• India’s support reaffirms its long-standing position, advocating the creation of a sovereign, independent, and viable State of Palestine coexisting peacefully with a secure State of Israel.
• The resolution was backed by France and Saudi Arabia to reaffirm global commitment to the two-state solution.
• India’s policy emphasizes:
  • Support for a sovereign and independent Palestine
  • Recognition of Israel’s right to live in peace and security
  • Advocacy for negotiations within recognized borders
  • Balanced diplomacy with both Palestine and Israel
• The United States opposed the resolution, claiming it:
  • Rewards Hamas
  • Undermines diplomatic efforts to free hostages and end suffering in Gaza
  • Cannot substitute for direct negotiations
• Global and regional implications:
  • 142 countries supported – strong international backing for two-state solution
  • 10 countries opposed – including the United States
  • 12 countries abstained – showing cautious neutrality
• India’s vote strengthens its image as a consistent supporter of Palestinian statehood while maintaining strategic partnership with Israel.

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi to Inaugurate and Lay Foundation of Projects Worth ₹71,000 Crore Across 5 States

• Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi will visit Mizoram, Manipur, Assam, West Bengal, and Bihar from 13–15 September 2025.
• During this three-day tour, he will inaugurate and lay foundation stones for development projects worth over ₹71,000 crore, covering railways, roadways, energy, healthcare, education, and infrastructure.

Key Highlights

• The projects aim to enhance regional connectivity, industrial growth, and inclusive development.

13 September 2025 – Mizoram: Historic Railway Connectivity

• PM Modi to visit Aizawl, Mizoram, for projects worth ₹9,000 crore.
• Key Projects:
  • Bairabi–Sairang New Rail Line (₹8,070 crore) – Connects Aizawl to Indian Railways network for the first time.
  • New train services flagged off:
    • Sairang–Delhi Rajdhani Express
    • Sairang–Guwahati Express
    • Sairang–Kolkata Express
  • Other launches: Aizawl Bypass Road, LPG bottling plant at Mualkhang, Khelo India Multipurpose Indoor Hall, new residential schools.
• Significance: Aizawl becomes the 4th northeastern capital (after Guwahati, Agartala, Itanagar) to join the railway network.

13 September 2025 – Manipur: Infrastructure and IT Push

• Visit to Churachandpur, foundation for projects worth ₹7,300 crore:
  • Major road and highway projects
  • Manipur Infotech Development Project
  • Working Women’s Hostels
• In Imphal, projects worth ₹1,200 crore to be inaugurated:
  • New Civil Secretariat
  • IT Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
  • Police Headquarters
  • Manipur Bhawans in Delhi and Kolkata
  • Women’s Ima Markets

14 September 2025 – Assam: Medical, Energy, and Infrastructure Boost

• Projects worth ₹18,530 crore to be launched.
• Key Projects:
  • Darrang Medical College & Hospital
  • Guwahati Ring Road
  • New Brahmaputra Bridge
  • Assam Bioethanol Plant at Numaligarh
  • Foundation stone of Polypropylene Plant at Numaligarh Refinery
• PM Modi will also attend centenary celebrations of Bharat Ratna Dr. Bhupen Hazarika in Guwahati.

15 September 2025 – West Bengal: Strategic Conference

• PM Modi to inaugurate the 16th Combined Commanders’ Conference in Kolkata.
• Theme: “Year of Reforms – Transforming for the Future”
• Participants: Top civilian and military leadership of India
• Focus: Future strategies for defence and national security

15 September 2025 – Bihar: Major Developmental Push

• Projects worth ₹36,000 crore to be launched.
• Key Projects and Initiatives:
  • New terminal building at Purnea Airport
  • 3×800 MW thermal power project at Bhagalpur
  • Kosi–Mechi River Link Project (Phase 1)
  • Rail projects & trains:
    • Jogbani–Danapur Vande Bharat Express
    • Two Amrit Bharat Express trains
  • National Makhana Board – Promoting makhana farmers, post-harvest management, exports
  • Sex Sorted Semen Facility at Purnea under Rashtriya Gokul Mission
  • Distribution of Community Investment Funds (₹500 crore) under DAY-NRLM
  • Housing handover to beneficiaries under PM Awas Yojana (PMAY)

10th Ayurveda Day to be Celebrated on 23rd September 2025 in Goa

• The 10th Ayurveda Day will be celebrated on 23rd September 2025 at the All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), Goa.
• For the first time, Ayurveda Day will be observed on a fixed date, instead of Dhanvantari Jayanti.
• Goa was chosen as the venue for its global appeal, wellness tourism, and cultural diversity.

Key Highlights

• AIIA Goa, under the Ministry of Ayush, represents India’s focus on world-class infrastructure for traditional medicine and international collaborations.
• Theme 2025 – “Ayurveda for People & Planet”:
  • For People – Accessible, affordable, and evidence-based healthcare for prevention and cure.
  • For Planet – Promotes eco-friendly practices, sustainable resource use, and balance with nature.
• The theme aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• Planned global outreach includes:
  • Events across all states and UTs.
  • Indian Missions abroad hosting Ayurveda workshops, health camps, and academic discussions.
  • Collaborations with international universities, wellness organizations, and the Indian diaspora.
• Last year, participation came from 150+ countries; this year aims for even wider reach.
• The fixed date of 23rd September is expected to give Ayurveda a global identity similar to International Yoga Day.

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi Addresses International Conference on Gyan Bharatam in New Delhi

• Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi addressed the International Conference on Gyan Bharatam at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.
• He launched the Gyan Bharatam Mission portal and stated it will be a proclamation of India’s culture, literature, and consciousness.

Key Highlights

• India has the world’s largest manuscript collection – about one crore manuscripts, despite destruction in history.
• Manuscripts were written on bhojpatra, palm leaves, and copper plates, preserved across generations.

Four Pillars of India’s Knowledge Tradition:

1. Preservation – Oral transmission of Vedas with authenticity.
2. Innovation – Advances in Ayurveda, Vastu Shastra, Jyotish, Metallurgy (e.g., Surya Siddhanta, Varahamihira Samhita).
3. Addition – Expansion with Ramayanas, commentaries on Vedas/Upanishads, Dvaita & Advaita philosophies.
4. Adaptation – Shastrarth discussions, reforms against social evils.

• Manuscripts exist in nearly 80 languages, including Sanskrit, Prakrit, Assamese, Bengali, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Marathi.
• Examples include Kautilya’s Arthashastra, Kalpasutra (Acharya Bhadrabahu), Buddhist manuscripts (Sarnath), Rasamanjari, Geetgovind.
• Knowledge areas: Philosophy, Science, Ayurveda, Astronomy, Agriculture, Mathematics, Computer Science.
• Important texts: Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Sulva Sutra, Krishi Parashara, Natya Shastra, Bakhshali Manuscript (zero concept), Yashomitra’s Bower Manuscript.
• Over 10 lakh manuscripts digitised with help of institutions like:
  Kashi Nagari Pracharini Sabha, Asiatic Society (Kolkata), Dharohar (Udaipur), Acharya Shri Kailashsuri Gyanmandir (Koba, Gujarat), Patanjali (Haridwar), Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (Pune), Saraswati Mahal Library (Thanjavur).
• Appealed to youth, universities, and institutes to join mission under Swadeshi & Atmanirbhar Bharat.
• Union Ministers Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat & Shri Rao Inderjit Singh attended the event.

Background

• The International Conference on Gyan Bharatam is being held from 11–13 September 2025 under the theme “Reclaiming India’s Knowledge Legacy through Manuscript Heritage”.
• It brings together scholars, conservationists, technologists, policy experts.
• Includes exhibition of rare manuscripts, discussions on digitisation, metadata standards, legal frameworks, cultural diplomacy, and ancient script decipherment.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

India Unveils $680 Million Economic Package for Mauritius Covering Health, Infrastructure & Maritime Security

• India announced a $680 million Special Economic Package for Mauritius, covering health, infrastructure, and maritime security.
• The package includes $215 million in direct grants for projects such as the Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam National Hospital, an AYUSH Centre of Excellence, a Veterinary School and Animal Hospital, and the supply of helicopters.
• An additional $440 million (MUR 20.1 billion) will be provided through a grant-cum-Line of Credit, supporting projects like an Air Traffic Control Tower, port equipment, and M4 motorway development.
• India and Mauritius will establish a 17.5 MW Floating Solar PV Project at Tamarind Falls, with NTPC Limited. team visiting to finalize agreements.
• The package also provides $25 million in budgetary assistance for Mauritius in the current fiscal year.
• Both nations will collaborate on the rehabilitation of Mauritius’ port and Chagos Marine Protected Area
• Seven bilateral agreements were signed between India and Mauritius in education, public administration, energy, hydrography, technology, and space cooperation.
• Despite strong cooperation, the trade balance favors India, with Mauritius exporting $45 million to India in 2024 while importing $746 million from India.

About Mauritius :

• President : Dharam Gokhool
• Prime minister: Navin Ramgoolam
• Capital: Port Louis
• Currency: Mauritian Rupee

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Sushila Karki Takes Oath as Nepal’s First Female Prime Minister

• Nepal President Ramchandra Paudel has dissolved the House of Representatives on the recommendation of newly appointed interim Prime Minister Sushila Karki.
• Fresh parliamentary elections have been scheduled for March 21, 2026.
• Sushila Karki, a former Chief Justice, took oath as the first woman Prime Minister of Nepal.
• The oath was administered by President Paudel at the Presidential Palace in Kathmandu in the presence of Vice President Rambaran Yadav and other dignitaries.
• Her appointment came after deadly violence by Gen Z demonstrators protesting against a social media ban and corruption, which led to the resignation of PM KP Sharma Oli.
• Sushila Karki was chosen after intensive discussions at Sheetal Niwas, aligning with the demands of Gen Z protesters for an interim government free from corrupt leaders.
• Karki is also Nepal’s first female Chief Justice, recognized for her integrity and independence.

About Nepal :

• Capital: Kathmandu
• Currency: Nepalese Rupee
• Prime Minister : Sushila Karki

Financial Services Institutions Bureau Recommends Ravi Ranjan as Next Managing Director of State Bank of India, Succeeding Vinay Tonse

• The Financial Services Institutions Bureau (FSIB) has recommended Ravi Ranjan for the position of Managing Director (MD) of State Bank of India (SBI).
• Ravi Ranjan, currently Deputy Managing Director, will replace Vinay M Tonse, whose term ends on November 30, 2025.
• FSIB interviewed 9 candidates on September 11, 2025, for the SBI MD position.
• The final decision on the recommendation will be taken by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• The SBI board is headed by the Chairman, assisted by four Managing Directors.
• FSIB Chairman: Bhanu Pratap Sharma (former Secretary, DoPT).
• FSIB Members: Animesh Chauhan (former OBC Chairman & MD), Deepak Singhal (RBI’s ex-ED), and Shailendra Bhandari (former MD of ING Vysya Bank).

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

India Joins 4th Coast Guard Global Summit in Rome, Proposes to Host 2027 Edition

• The 4th Coast Guard Global Summit (CGGS) was held in Rome, Italy from September 11–12, 2025, with participation from 115 countries and international organizations.
• The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) reaffirmed India’s commitment to global maritime governance and showcased its role as a partner in ensuring safer, cleaner, and secure seas.
• The Indian delegation, led by Director General ICG Paramesh Sivamani, delivered a lecture titled “Guardians Against the Blaze: ICG’s Tactical Response to Fire Emergencies.”
• The ICG announced its intent to bid for the Presidency of the 5th CGGS, planned to be hosted in India in 2027.
• The summit was co-chaired by Italy and Japan, and it focused on Maritime Safety, Marine Environment Protection, Pollution Response, Natural Disasters, Maritime Accidents, and Maritime Security.
• Key discussions included countering transnational maritime crimes, using advanced technologies, promoting capacity building, and strengthening inter-regional & international cooperation.
• The CGGS was first convened in 2017 by the Japan Coast Guard and Nippon Foundation as a platform for dialogue and confidence-building.
• Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni (Italy) and Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba (Japan, virtually) highlighted the importance of Coast Guard collaboration in Marine Pollution Response, Maritime Search & Rescue, and Law Enforcement.

Indian Navy Inaugurates INS Aravali naval base in Gurugram

• INS Aravali, the Indian Navy’s latest Naval Base, was commissioned on 12 September 2025 at Gurugram in the presence of Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi, Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS).
• Captain Sachin Kumar Singh became the first Commanding Officer of the unit and recited the invocation in Sanskrit, followed by the reading of the commissioning warrant.
• The commissioning plaque was unveiled by Mrs Shashi Tripathi, President NWWA, after which the Naval Ensign was hoisted and the commissioning pennant was broken on the mast.
• The ceremony was attended by Vice Admiral Sanjay Vatsayan (VCNS), Vice Admiral Tarun Sobti (DCNS), senior naval officers, and other distinguished guests.
• The CNS highlighted that INS Aravali will provide robust administrative and logistical support, ensuring seamless operations for the Navy.
• The base aligns with the Prime Minister’s MAHASAGAR vision (Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions) and will strengthen India’s role as the Preferred Security Partner in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
• INS Aravali will support information and communication centres, key to India’s Command, Control, and Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) framework.
• The motto of INS Aravali is ‘सामुद्रिकसुरक्षायाः सहयोगं’ (Maritime Security through Collaboration), reflecting its collaborative ethos with naval units, MDA centres, and allied stakeholders.

Tata Advanced Systems Installs First Lanza-N 3D Air Surveillance Radar on Indian Navy Warship

• Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) has manufactured and installed the first 3D Air Surveillance Radar (3D-ASR) – Lanza-N on an Indian Navy warship, boosting naval capability.
• The Lanza-N radar, a naval variant of Spanish firm Indra’s Lanza 3D radar, is one of the most advanced long-range air defence and anti-missile radars, acquired under a USD 145-million deal in 2020.
• Under the contract, Indra will deliver three complete radars and core system elements for 20 more, which will be locally assembled and integrated by TASL over the next decade.
• The Lanza-N radar has been specially tailored for high humidity and extreme heat conditions of the Indian Ocean Region.
• The land version of the radar detects and tracks aircraft within a range of 9–474 km and up to 100,000 feet altitude, completing a full rotation every 10 seconds for continuous situational awareness.
• With this achievement, TASL became the first Indian company to build and integrate next-generation naval surveillance radars, marking a milestone in India’s defence self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat).
• The radar has been successfully integrated with Indian Navy warship systems after rigorous sea trials, testing against various naval and aerial platforms.
• To support future production, TASL has set up a radar assembly, integration, and testing facility in Karnataka.
• Indra, one of the world’s leading radar manufacturers, has a radar factory in Madrid, the largest in Europe, and also develops space surveillance radars capable of detecting objects 2,000 km from Earth.
• Indra and Centum Electronics (India) are collaborating to present a proposal to ISRO to manufacture a space surveillance radar to protect India’s space assets.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Tata Consultancy Services and France’s CEA partner to jointly develop Physical AI solutions

• Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) signed an agreement with France’s public research body CEA to jointly develop Physical AI solutions.
• Physical AI combines robotics, artificial intelligence, and intelligent systems to enable machines to interact with the physical world.
• The collaboration will focus on manufacturing, logistics, and automation, deploying Physical AI-powered systems for real-world industrial applications.
• TCS has been present in France since 1992, supporting 18 CAC40 companies.
• TCS operates four delivery centers in Paris-Suresnes, Lille, Poitiers, and Toulouse, expanding its presence in France.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS

Jack Ma’s Ant Financial Sells 1.46% Stake in Eternal (Zomato & Blinkit Parent) for ₹4,097 Crore via Open Market Deal

• Chinese billionaire Jack Ma-owned Ant Financial made a partial exit by divesting a 1.46% stake in Eternal, the parent company of Zomato and Blinkit brands, for ₹4,097 crore through open market transactions.
• Ant Group, through its arm Antfin Singapore Holding Pte Ltd, sold a little over 14.13 crore equity shares or a 1.46% stake in Gurugram-based Eternal.
• Following the latest transaction, Antfin's holding in Eternal has come down to 0.49% from 1.95%.
• The company, which re-branded itself as Eternal in March, reported a consolidated net profit of ₹25 crore for the first quarter.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS and AGREEMENT

National Institute of Fashion Technology Patna Signs MoU with Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail Limited to Empower Rural Women

• National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) Patna, under the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail Limited (ABFRL).
• The initiative aims to equip rural women with industry-relevant skills and provide direct access to employment in Bihar’s textile sector.

Key Highlights

• Union Minister of Textiles Shri Giriraj Singh highlighted that NIFT Patna has trained Jeevika Didis in Begusarai, improving stitching skills and earning potential.
• Initially, 3.5 lakh women in the immediate region will benefit, with plans to include women from adjoining districts.
• Women from self-help groups (SHGs), known as Jeevika Didis, will be trained in garment manufacturing, quality control, and machinery operation.
• Training prepares participants for employment at ABFRL’s textile manufacturing unit in Begusarai.
• Jeevika Programme, implemented by Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS) with support from the Government of India and the World Bank, has mobilized over 1.4 crore rural women into SHGs.
• The MoU links Jeevika Didis directly to formal employment, expanding their role into the mainstream industrial economy.
• ABFRL ensures that skills imparted meet modern textile production requirements, creating a synergistic model of academia–industry collaboration.
• The programme provides women with stable livelihoods, financial independence, improved household decision-making, and enhanced dignity.
• Establishment of ABFRL’s unit in Begusarai contributes to industrial development and creates employment for the local workforce.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: RANKING AND INDEX

Bloomberg Billionaires Index 2025: Larry Ellison Briefly Overtakes Elon Musk as World’s Richest

• Oracle’s Chief Technology Officer (CTO) Larry Ellison briefly surpassed Tesla CEO Elon Musk as the world’s richest person after a sharp rise in Oracle Corporation’s stock price.
• Following Oracle’s quarterly earnings report, Ellison’s net worth surged by $89 billion in a single day to $383.2 billion.
• This record one-day gain placed Ellison ahead of Musk until Musk reclaimed the top spot by a $1 billion margin the next morning.
• Earlier in 2025, Ellison’s wealth growth elevated him from 4th to 2nd richest, overtaking Mark Zuckerberg (#3) and Jeff Bezos (#4).
• Elon Musk has held the No.1 position for the past 16 months.
• Musk was the first individual to reach $400 billion net worth last year.

Top 10 Richest People (as of 11 September 2025)

Indian Billionaires in Global Ranking

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DYAS

Hindi Diwas: September 14

• Every year of 14th September is celebrated as a Hindi Diwas or hindi day.
• Many languages have been spoken in India. 22 languages were recognized by the constitution among them, Hindi is the most spoken language in India.

History

• After India got its independence, in the year of 1949 there were a lot of discussions to make Hindi the official language of India.
• Then it was decided that 14th September would be observed as Hindi Diwas or Hindi day. In the year of 1953, the first Hindi Diwas was celebrated.
• This decision is also stated in Article 343 of Chapter 17 of the Constitution of India. It is written as “ The national language of the Union will be Hindi and the script will be Devanagari” in the Constitution of India.
• The reason for celebrating Hindi Day on September 14 is, that A Noble and Famous Hindi Literature Vyahar Rajendra Singha was born on 14th September.

Engineers Day in India: September 15

• Every year 15th September is celebrated as National Engineers Day in India.
• National Engineers Day is celebrated on 15th September in India, in order to pay tribute to our Indian engineer and Bharat Ratna Sir Mokshagundam Viswesvaraya on his birthday.
• The theme for this year's Engineers' Day is "Deep Tech and Engineering Excellence: Driving India's Techade."

History

• In the year of 1968, the Government of India announced that Sir M. Visvesvaraya’s birth anniversary was celebrated as Engineers Day in India. From 1968 to now 15th September is observed as Engineers Day in India.
• In 1903, He designed the automatic water floodgates which were first installed at the Khadakwasla reservoir in Pune.
• He received the Bharat Ratna in the year of 1955 and he was appointed as a Diwan of Mysore from 1912 to 1918.
• In 1915,  He was glorified by the British Indian Empire as a “Knight Commander” for his contributions to the field of engineering to the public.
• In 1917, he established the Government Engineering College in Bengaluru. It was the first government college of engineering in Karnataka. Now it is known as the University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering.
• Sir M. Visvesvaraya passed away in the year of 1962.

International Day of Democracy: September 15

• The International Day of Democracy is observed every year on the 15th of September.
• Democracy is the government that has been elected by the people and it ensures the equality of all members of the society without discrimination.
• A democratic country chooses its leader in an independent way.

History

• In November 2007, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the decision with the title, “Support by the United Nations system of efforts of governments to promote and consolidate a new or restored democracy” and encouraged the government to strengthen the democracy.
• The first International Day of Democracy was observed in the year of 2008. The concept of democracy came from ancient Greece.
• In 1789, the US Constitution was established with US principles of democracy. In the period of 1787 and 1789, France also began to practice democracy.
• The first International Conference on Democracy was held by the UN. This event tells about justice and helps people to recognize that they can follow their culture even in a democratic country.
• The UN decided September 15 as the International Day of Democracy, the date coincides with the Conference of New or Restored Democracies which was held in 1998.

Daily CA One- Liner: September 14 & 15

• Union Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal inaugurated the first regional office of the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) in Patna
• All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, became the first government medical college in India to offer training on the da Vinci Robotic Surgical System
• India voted in favour of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolution endorsing the “New York Declaration” on the peaceful settlement of the Palestine issue through the two-state solution
• Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi will visit Mizoram, Manipur, Assam, West Bengal, and Bihar from 13–15 September 2025
• The 10th Ayurveda Day will be celebrated on 23rd September 2025 at the All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), Goa
• Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi addressed the International Conference on Gyan Bharatam at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
• National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) Patna, under the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail Limited (ABFRL).
• Oracle’s Chief Technology Officer (CTO) Larry Ellison briefly surpassed Tesla CEO Elon Musk as the world’s richest person after a sharp rise in Oracle Corporation’s stock price
• India’s external debt rose over 10% to $736.3 billion at the end of FY2024-25, marking the fastest expansion in seven years in dollar terms compared to $668.8 billion in FY2023-24.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) purchased a 4.16-acre parcel of land at Nariman Point, Mumbai from the Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Limited (MMRCL).
• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has amended rules to permit Category I and II Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) to offer Co-Investment Opportunities (CIV schemes) directly to accredited investors, in addition to the existing Portfolio Management Services (PMS) route.
• The World Bank has approved a $212.64 million loan for coastal communities in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
• India announced a $680 million Special Economic Package for Mauritius, covering health, infrastructure, and maritime security.
• Nepal President Ramchandra Paudel has dissolved the House of Representatives on the recommendation of newly appointed interim Prime Minister Sushila Karki.
• The Financial Services Institutions Bureau (FSIB) has recommended Ravi Ranjan for the position of Managing Director (MD) of State Bank of India (SBI).
• The 4th Coast Guard Global Summit (CGGS) was held in Rome, Italy from September 11–12, 2025, with participation from 115 countries and international organizations.
• INS Aravali, the Indian Navy’s latest Naval Base, was commissioned on 12 September 2025 at Gurugram in the presence of Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi, Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS).
• Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) has manufactured and installed the first 3D Air Surveillance Radar (3D-ASR) – Lanza-N on an Indian Navy warship, boosting naval capability.
• Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) signed an agreement with France’s public research body CEA to jointly develop Physical AI solutions.
• Chinese billionaire Jack Ma-owned Ant Financial made a partial exit by divesting a 1.46% stake in Eternal, the parent company of Zomato and Blinkit brands, for ₹4,097 crore through open market transactions.
• Every year of 14th September is celebrated as a Hindi Diwas or hindi day.
• Every year 15th September is celebrated as National Engineers Day in India.
• The International Day of Democracy is observed every year on the 15th of September