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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Reserve Bank of India Updates Rules on Carrying Indian Currency To and From Nepal and Bhutan

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued revised directions to modify rules on the export and import of Indian currency to and from Nepal and Bhutan.
• Under the new rules, any person except citizens of Pakistan or Bangladesh may carry Indian currency notes up to ₹100 denomination without limit while travelling to/from Nepal or Bhutan.
• Individuals are allowed to take out of India Indian currency above ₹100 denominations up to ₹25,000 to Nepal or Bhutan.
• Travellers may bring into India from Nepal or Bhutan Indian currency above ₹100 denominations up to ₹25,000.
• Authorised Persons have been directed to inform customers and stakeholders about the revised provisions.
• The amendments were notified via FEMA (Export and Import of Currency) (Amendment) Regulations, 2025, published in the Official Gazette on 2 December 2025.
• These directions are issued under Sections 10(4) and 11(1) of FEMA, 1999, and operate without prejudice to other legal permissions

Public Sector Banks Write Off ₹6.15 Lakh Crore in Loans Across the Last Five Years

• According to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) data, Public Sector Banks (PSBs) have written off loans worth ₹6.15 lakh crore over the last five financial years plus FY 2025 (up to Sept 30).
• Despite large loan write-offs, the Central Government has not infused capital into PSBs since FY 2022-23 due to improved financial performance and stronger capital positions.

Key Highlights :

• Loan write-offs peaked at ₹1.33 lakh crore in FY 2020-21, declined to ₹1.16 lakh crore in FY 2021-22, and rose again to ₹1.27 lakh crore in FY 2022-23.
• PSBs have recovered only ₹1.65 lakh crore from written-off loans in the last five years, far below the total amount written off.
• With reduced government support, PSBs have raised ₹1.79 lakh crore via equity and bond issuances between April 2022–September 2025 to meet capital requirements.
• Write-offs occur after full provisioning for NPAs (Non-Performing Assets), usually after four years, as per RBI norms and board-approved policies.
• Banks continue recovery efforts through civil courts, DRTs (Debts Recovery Tribunals), SARFAESI actions, and insolvency proceedings at NCLT (National Company Law Tribunal).
• Recoveries from written-off accounts are treated as income when realised, with no fresh cash outflow, so write-offs do not affect bank liquidity.
• Benefits of write-offs include cleaning balance sheets, tax benefits, capital optimisation, and improved investor sentiment.

Reserve Bank of India Orders Partner Banks to Pause Issuance of OneCard Co-Branded Credit Cards

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has directed banks partnered with FPL Technologies (OneCard) to halt fresh issuance of co-branded credit cards due to regulatory concerns.
• The pause aims to give RBI clarity on data-sharing practices, specifically whether FPL and partner banks comply with outsourcing and customer-data protection norms.
• Until the review is complete, banks must suspend onboarding new OneCard customers as per RBI instructions.
• OneCard is issued by partner banks such as BOB Cards, SBM India, Federal Bank, CSB Bank, South Indian Bank, and Indian Bank, while FPL Technologies handles customer acquisition and management.
• In March 2024, Federal Bank and South Indian Bank had already reported RBI directions to pause their co-branded credit card programmes.
• The issue follows RBI’s stricter guidelines (March 7, 2024) to curb fintech back-door entry into regulated credit card operations, especially regarding data sharing and operational control.
• FPL Technologies, founded in 2019 by ex-ICICI Bank executives, last raised $25.5 million in December 2025; earlier, its valuation peaked at $1.3 billion (2022) after Temasek’s investment.
• Co-branded credit cards have surged through partnerships with Swiggy, Amazon, Flipkart, etc., prompting stricter regulation by RBI.

Reserve Bank of India Conducts 97th Round of Survey of Professional Forecasters with 45 Panellists in Nov 2025

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has been conducting the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF) since September 2007.
• Forty-five panellists participated in the 97th round of the bi-monthly survey conducted during November 2025.
• A quick follow-up survey was conducted among SPF panellists after the release of Q2:2025-26 GDP estimates by the National Statistics Office (NSO) on 28 November 2025.
• Real GDP is expected to grow by 7.0% in 2025-26 and by 6.6% in 2026-27.
• SPF panellists placed GDP growth forecasts in the range of 6.5–7.4% for 2025-26 and 6.4–7.3% for 2026-27.
• Forecasters assigned the highest probability to real GDP growth in the range of 7.0–7.4% for 2025-26 and 6.5–6.9% for 2026-27.

Reserve Bank of India Imposes Penalties on Jammu & Kashmir Bank, Truhome Finance, Bansal Credits, and Keertana Finserv for Regulatory Lapses

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed a ₹99.30 lakh monetary penalty on Jammu & Kashmir Bank Limited.
• The penalty was for violations of Section 26A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (related to transferring eligible balances to the DEA Fund) and non-compliance with Internal Ombudsman Scheme, Customer Service, and KYC norms.
• Specific lapses included the failure to escalate certain rejected complaints to the Internal Ombudsman and not issuing final communication letters to customers about their right to approach the Banking Ombudsman.
• The penalty followed RBI’s Statutory Inspection for Supervisory Evaluation (ISE) based on the bank’s financial position as of 31 March 2024.

Penalties on NBFCs and HFCs

• RBI imposed a ₹6.20 lakh penalty on Bansal Credits Limited (an NBFC) for non-compliance with RBI’s Know Your Customer (KYC) Directions.
• The penalty was issued under Section 58G(1)(b) read with Section 58B(5)(aa) of the RBI Act, 1934.
• The company did not have a system to generate alerts for identifying, monitoring, and reporting suspicious transactions.
• It also failed to upload customers’ KYC records to the Central KYC Records Registry (CKYCR), a mandatory requirement.
• RBI imposed a ₹3.10 lakh penalty on Keertana Finserv Limited for non-compliance with governance requirements.
• The company appointed a director without prior written RBI approval, resulting in a change of management exceeding 30% of its board, excluding independent directors.
• This constituted a breach of RBI’s governance norms applicable to regulated entities.
• RBI imposed a ₹3.10 lakh monetary penalty on Truhome Finance Limited (formerly Shriram Housing Finance Limited - an HFC) for violations of RBI’s KYC Directions.
• The penalty was issued under Section 52A of the National Housing Bank Act, 1987.
• The company failed to obtain PAN or equivalent e-document, or Form 60 in certain loan accounts, contrary to mandatory KYC procedures.

About Jammu & Kashmir Bank :

• Incorporated : 1938
• Corporate Headquarters : Srinagar.
• Managing Director & CEO : Amitava Chatterjee.

Reserve Bank of India Revises Credit Information Reporting Directions, 2025 Through Amendment Notifications

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued Amendment Directions to modify the Credit Information Reporting Directions, 2025 based on feedback from the earlier draft framework.
• The revised framework, issued under Section 11 of the Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act, 2005, will come into force on 1 July 2026.
• Lenders must submit credit data to Credit Information Companies (CICs) four times a month—on the 9th, 16th, 23rd, and last day of each month—moving towards near-real-time reporting.
• A full file containing records of all active and closed accounts must be submitted as on the last day of each month, by the 5th of the following month.
• CICs are required to submit half-yearly reports on entities failing to adhere to timelines via the RBI’s DAKSH portal.
• India has four primary Credit Information Companies (CICs), licensed and regulated by RBI under the Credit Information Companies Regulation Act, 2005—TransUnion CIBIL, Experian, Equifax, and CRIF High Mark.

Reserve Bank of India Launches Two-Month Campaign from 1st January 2026 to Resolve Pending Customer Grievances

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced a two-month campaign starting 1st January,2026 to clear all customer grievances pending for more than a month with the RBI Ombudsman.
• RBI Ombudsman scheme helps provide cost-free redressal of customer complaints involving deficiency in services rendered by entities regulated by RBI, if not resolved to the satisfaction of the customers or not replied within a period of 30 days by the regulated entity.
• Governor Sanjay Malhotra stated that the campaign aims to strengthen customer service as grievance pendency has increased due to a surge in complaints.
• RBI has urged full cooperation from all regulated entities (REs) to make the campaign effective and impactful.
• RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das highlighted that the central bank has implemented initiatives to enhance customer experience, including simplifying re-KYC, improving financial inclusion processes, and launching the “Aapki Poonji, Aapka Adhikar” awareness program.

SEBI Approves Groww as Online Bond Platform Provider to Facilitate Corporate Bond Transactions

• Groww has received Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) approval to operate as an Online Bond Platform Provider (OBPP), enabling it to list, distribute, and transact in listed corporate bonds directly through its app.
• The OBPP licence allows Groww to expand offerings beyond equities and mutual funds, providing retail investors easier access to fixed-income and lower-risk investment products.
• OBPP refers to Online Bond Platform Providers, which are digital platforms for buying and selling bonds.
• As per NSE data, Groww holds the largest market share among stockbrokers at 26.62%.

Securities Exchange Board of India Introduces Capital Adequacy & Liquid Net Worth Standards in Fresh MB Regulation Overhaul

• The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has introduced a major overhaul of Merchant Banker (MB) regulations, bringing in a capital adequacy framework with mandatory liquid net worth (NW) and minimum revenue

Key Highlights :

• As per the SEBI (Merchant Bankers) Regulation Act, 1992, a merchant banker is defined as an entity involved in issue management, including arranging, managing, advising, or subscribing to securities.
• The objective of the revised rules is to strengthen financial stability, enhance risk management, and promote ease of doing business in the financial sector.
• Under the new norms, MBs can undertake activities regulated by any Financial Sector Regulator (FSR) and may perform fee-based, non-fund-based financial services even if not under SEBI or other FSRs.
• SEBI has created a two-category classification for merchant bankers:
• Category I MBs must maintain a minimum net worth of ₹50 crore and are permitted to undertake all MB activities, including managing equity issues on the main board.
• Category II MBs must maintain a minimum net worth of ₹10 crore and may undertake all activities except managing main-board equity issues.
• All MBs must maintain liquid net worth equal to at least 25% of their required minimum NW; their underwriting exposure is capped at 20 times their liquid NW.
• SEBI has also introduced minimum revenue criteria based on permitted activities:
• Category I MBs must earn ₹12.5 crore cumulative revenue over the preceding 3 financial years.
• Category II MBs must earn ₹2.5 crore cumulative revenue over the preceding 3 financial years.

IDFC First Bank Unveils FD-Backed Premium Credit Card Offering Zero Forex Markup

• IDFC First Bank launched an upgraded ‘FIRST WOW! Black Credit Card’, which is a premium credit card backed by Fixed Deposit (FD).
• The card features 0% Forex (FX) markup, making it attractive for international travellers and cross-border online shoppers.
• The card is available to individuals aged 18+, against an FD starting at ₹20,000.
• The linked FD offers up to 6.3% interest on a 367-day FD with 100% withdrawal limit.
• Cardholders receive both a physical Mastercard for global usage and a RuPay virtual credit card linked to UPI for QR payments.
• Both cards operate under one account, with a single credit limit and a unified consolidated statement.
• The card provides 4 domestic airport lounge accesses annually, ₹2 lakh personal accident insurance, ₹25,000 lost card liability cover, and ₹10,000 trip cancellation cover on select bookings.
• The card offers zero forex markup and allows interest-free ATM withdrawals for up to 45 days with a ₹199 fee.
• The joining/annual fee is ₹750 (including GST), which is waived from the second year for customers spending ₹1.5 lakh annually.

About IDFC First Bank :

• Founded : October 2015
• Headquarters : Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
• MD & CEO : V. Vaidyanathan

Airpay Gets Reserve Bank of India Nod to Operate as Full-Stack Cross-Border Payment Aggregator

• Airpay Payment Services Private. Limited. received full authorisation from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) under the Payment and Settlement Systems (PSS) Act, 2007 to operate as a full-stack cross-border Payment Aggregator (PA-CB).
• With this approval, Airpay is now authorised to operate across PA-O (Online), PA-P (Physical/POS/QR) and PA-CB
• The approval positions Airpay among a select group of Regulated Entities (REs) permitted to facilitate domestic and global payments across major merchant channels.
• The expanded licence allows Airpay to serve enterprises, Direct-to-Consumer (D2C) brands, and SMEs through a unified compliant platform for collections, payouts, and settlements.
• Airpay expects cross-border payment processing volumes to increase by 30–40% in the next 6–12 months.
• The company projects that cross-border flows will contribute over 20% of revenue, with the onboarding of 50,000+ merchants.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

Jan Dhan Deposits Cross ₹2.75 Lakh Crore in 2025

• As of November 2025, total deposits in Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) accounts reached ₹2.75 lakh crore, reflecting deepening financial inclusion.
• PMJDY, launched in 2014, provides zero-balance savings accounts, RuPay debit cards, access to government subsidies via DBT, overdraft facilities, and insurance coverage, targeting the unbanked population.
• Over 56 crore accounts have been opened under the scheme, with an average balance of ₹4,815 per account.
• 78.2% of accounts are in rural and semi-urban areas, and 50% of account holders are women, highlighting inclusive growth.
• The milestone signifies improved financial literacy, greater economic participation, enhanced DBT effectiveness, and expansion of formal banking access.
• Growth trend: 2022 – ₹1.5 lakh crore, 2024 – ₹2.6 lakh crore, 2025 – ₹2.75 lakh crore, demonstrating steady year-on-year increase.
• PMJDY has transitioned from merely opening accounts to ensuring active usage, making it a cornerstone of India’s financial ecosystem.

Adani Group to Set Up 48 MW Green Data Centre in Telangana

• Adani Group announced the establishment of a 48-megawatt (MW) green data centre in Telangana to strengthen India's digital infrastructure.
• The project was announced by Karan Adani, Managing Director (MD) of Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone (APSEZ) during the Telangana Rising Global Summit 2025.
• The data centre will be AI (Artificial Intelligence)-powered and designed to support demand for cloud services, High-Performance Computing (HPC), and data storage.
• Project Specifications:
  • Location: Telangana
  • Capacity: 48 MW
  • Investment: ₹2,500 crore
  • Technology Focus: AI and cloud computing
  • Purpose: Serve enterprises, government, fintech, and tech providers
• The centre will support India’s increasing demand for AI, 5G, fintech, e-governance, and cloud-based applications.
• Telangana, especially Hyderabad, is already a major technology hub, and this project is expected to further boost the state’s digital and innovation ecosystem.
• The new centre will further create employment in engineering, IT, and facility operations.
• The facility is classified as a Green Data Centre, meaning it will operate with energy-efficient systems, renewable energy use, AI-based resource management, and sustainable cooling processes.
• The project aligns with national priorities such as:
  • Digital India Mission
  • Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India)
  • Strengthening cyber and data sovereignty by reducing dependence on foreign data storage.
• The investment strengthens Adani’s portfolio beyond logistics and energy, positioning the group as a major player in India’s digital infrastructure sector.

About Telangana:

• Capital: Hyderabad
• Governor: Jishnu Dev Varma
• Chief Minister: Anumula Revanth Reddy
• National Parks: Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park, Mrugavani National Park, Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary, Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary, Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary

RECENT NEWS

• Telangana has emerged as the top-performing state in India for recovering lost and stolen mobile phones through the Central Equipment Identity Register (CEIR) portal. As of October 16, 2025, the state has successfully traced and recovered over 1 lakh mobile phones, making it a national leader in digital policing and public grievance redressal.

India Launches Gyan Bharatam Programme for Manuscript Conservation and Digitization

• India launched Gyan Bharatam, a national programme under the Ministry of Culture, aimed at conserving and digitizing India’s manuscript heritage.
• The initiative was announced in the Union Budget 2025 and reflects India’s efforts to preserve civilizational knowledge and make it globally accessible.
• Gyan Bharatam focuses on surveying, documenting, conserving, digitizing, and distributing ancient manuscripts related to science, philosophy, literature, medicine, astronomy, and culture.

Key Highlights:

• The Government allocated Rs. 491.66 crore for the programme for the period 2025–2031.
• The programme aims to cover over one crore manuscripts preserved in museums, libraries, academic institutions, private collections, and community spaces across India.
• A National Digital Repository will be developed using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and advanced digital technologies to ensure global access, preservation, and research support.
• To implement the programme, the Ministry of Culture signed Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with 31 institutions, including 19 Cluster Centres and 12 Independent Centres.
• These institutions will work across five functional areas:
  Survey & Cataloguing, Conservation & Capacity Building, Technology & Digitization, Linguistics & Translation, and Research, Publication & Outreach.
• So far, 3.5 lakh manuscripts have already been digitized, marking early progress under the programme.
• The Delhi Declaration (Gyan Bharatam Sankalp Patra) reinforces a national commitment to revive manuscript culture and enable digital access and research.
• The programme has national reach, with MoUs signed with institutes including Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Madhya Pradesh, demonstrating pan-India participation.
• Alongside heritage preservation, the government highlighted cultural promotion activities through the Sangeet Natak Akademi, which organizes festivals, workshops, exhibitions, and confers awards including:
  Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and Ustad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar.
• Eastern cultural promotion continues through the Eastern Zonal Cultural Centre (EZCC), Kolkata, which showcases folk arts and promotes traditional dance forms such as Sambalpuri Dance of Odisha, Odissi Dance and Music.

India to Host WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine 2025 in New Delhi

• India has launched the official countdown for the WHO (World Health Organization) Global Summit on Traditional Medicine 2025, which will be held from 17–19 December 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.

Key Highlights:

• The summit will be co-hosted by the Ministry of Ayush (Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy) and the WHO.
• The 2025 summit theme is “Restoring Balance: The Science and Practice of Health and Well-Being.”
• The focus areas include:
  • Scientific validation of traditional medicine
  • Digital health and innovation
  • Biodiversity conservation
  • Global collaboration for integrative healthcare
• India highlighted its major traditional medicine systems, including Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa-Rigpa, and Homoeopathy, which are gaining global recognition.
• A key achievement in this sector is the establishment of the WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine (GCTM) in Jamnagar, Gujarat, developed under the India–WHO partnership.
• A special side event focusing on Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) will be held during the summit to discuss its:
  • Adaptogenic role (stress balance)
  • Neuroprotective and immune-supportive properties
  • Standardization and safety requirements
• According to WHO Senior Advisor Dr. Poonam Khetrapal, the summit will guide global policy for the next decade on integrating traditional and Indigenous medicine into mainstream health systems.
• The event aligns with India’s diplomatic and health commitments, supported by participation from Ministry of Ayush officials, Press Information Bureau (PIB) and WHO representatives.
• The Prime Minister of India is expected to attend the closing ceremony.

RECENT NEWS

• On the occasion of the first World Cervical Cancer Elimination Day, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a sobering reminder: cervical cancer continues to claim more than 3.5 lakh lives each year worldwide, with a staggering 90% of deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries.

India Expands Use of National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) for Strengthening National Security

• NATGRID (National Intelligence Grid) is a digital intelligence platform that provides real-time access to integrated government and private databases to support counter-terrorism and national security operations.
• It was conceptualised in 2009 after the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks to address gaps in intelligence coordination and data accessibility among agencies.

Key Highlights:

• NATGRID became operational in 2024 and currently processes around 45,000 intelligence queries per month, showcasing its growing relevance in investigations.
• The system offers secure access to 20+ databases, including UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India), airlines, banking records, telecom data, transport systems, and more.
• NATGRID is now integrated with CCTNS (Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems), which includes data from 14,000+ police stations across India.
• Initially accessible only to central agencies like IB (Intelligence Bureau), RAW (Research and Analysis Wing), and ED (Enforcement Directorate), access has now been extended to Superintendent of Police (SP)-rank officers in states.
• NATGRID helps agencies track terror financing, cybercrime, organised crime, financial fraud, and monitor suspect movement through travel history, telecom patterns, and digital footprints.
• Some state agencies reported issues such as slow login processes and delayed data retrieval, reducing the system's intended real-time efficiency, and upgrades are in progress.
• With over 20 lakh cyber incidents reported in 2024, NATGRID plays a major role in strengthening India’s cybersecurity and digital surveillance ecosystem.
• The platform is maintained under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and eliminates the need for inter-departmental document requests, enabling faster, data-driven decision-making.

Maharashtra Sets Guinness World Record for Solar Agricultural Pump Installation

• Maharashtra installed 45,911 off-grid solar agricultural pumps in 30 days, achieving a Guinness World Record and becoming the second fastest globally after China in solar pump deployment by a single administrative region.
• The installation was completed under PM-KUSUM (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan) Component-B and the state scheme Magel Tyala Saur Krushi Pump Yojana.

Key Highlights:

• The objective of the initiative is to provide affordable, clean and reliable irrigation, reduce dependence on grid electricity, and support small and marginal farmers with energy independence.
• Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis stated that the state has already installed over 7.47 lakh solar pumps, and the new target is to achieve 10.45 lakh installations.
• The initiative supports renewable energy adoption, improves climate-resilient agriculture, and aligns with India's commitment to the net-zero emissions goal and the India Renewable Energy Roadmap.
• According to MSEDCL (Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited) Chairman Lokesh Chandra, the record was achieved through centralised planning, transparent vendor empanelment, strict service-level agreements, and continuous monitoring.
• Vendors are required to resolve farmer complaints within 3 days, failing which the issue is escalated for action.
• The installed solar pumps range between 3 Horsepower (HP) to 7 Horsepower (HP) depending on land area and irrigation needs.
• GK Energy accounted for 17% of the total installations, reflecting strong private sector participation in public renewable energy initiatives.

RECENT NEWS

• In a key infrastructure move, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved two critical multitracking railway projects worth ₹2,781 crore. These projects aim to strengthen the Indian Railways network in Maharashtra and Gujarat, enhancing both passenger and freight capacity.

About Maharashtra:

• Chief Minister: Devendra Fadnavis
• Governor: Acharya Devvrat
• Capital: Mumbai
• National Parks: Tadoba National Park, Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Chandoli National Park, Gugamal National Park, Navegaon National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnala Bird Sanctuary, Melghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary

CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS

Raveena Tandon Named PETA India Person of the Year 2025

• Bollywood actress Raveena Tandon has been awarded PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) India Person of the Year 2025 for her long-term contribution to animal rights, wildlife protection, and humane education.
• She promotes a meat-free lifestyle and has consistently supported campaigns against cruelty toward both domestic and wild animals.
• Raveena partnered with her daughter to donate a mechanical elephant to a Jain temple in Karnataka, encouraging the end of using real elephants for rituals.
• She raised concerns regarding wildlife killings, including the case of a leopard killed by villagers, and urged authorities to take action to protect animal habitats and wildlife affected by development projects.
• She supports PETA India's Compassionate Citizen Programme, which teaches school children empathy and kindness toward animals.
• Raveena has adopted multiple rescue animals, including dogs and cats, and promotes adopting homeless animals instead of purchasing from breeders.
• She has campaigned for vegan and cruelty-free living, speaking against the leather and exotic skin trade and urging food chains to introduce vegan options.
• Past recipients of PETA India's Person of the Year include Alia Bhatt, Anushka Sharma, Sonam Kapoor Ahuja, Dia Mirza, Virat Kohli, and Justice KS Panicker Radhakrishnan.
• People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) was founded in 1980 by Ingrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco and is headquartered in Norfolk, Virginia, USA. Its motto is: “Animals are not ours to experiment on, eat, wear, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.”
• PETA works in areas such as animal welfare, anti-animal testing campaigns, ending animal use in entertainment and clothing industries, and promoting vegan/plant-based lifestyles.
• PETA India also announced winners in vegan product categories, including:
  • Best Vegan Protein: SuperYou Pro Fermented Yeast Protein Cold Coffee
  • Best Vegan Snack: High Protein Veg Momos (HRX by EatFit & Hello Tempayy)
  • Best Vegan Milk: Country Delight Oat Beverage
  • Best Vegan Butter: Nutralite Activ Olive Plant-Based Spread
  • Best Vegan Meat: Greenmeat Chilly Roast – Ready to Eat
  • Best Vegan Ice Cream: 1.5 Degree The Original Gelato Biscoff
  • Best Vegan Yogurt: White Cub Peanut Curd
  • Best Vegan Honey: The Wild Harvest Mahua Syrup

Anant Ambani Receives Global Humanitarian Award for Animal Welfare

• Anant Ambani, founder of Vantara, has become the youngest recipient and the first Asian to receive the Global Humanitarian Award for Animal Welfare by the Global Humane Society.
• The award recognizes his contribution to wildlife protection, large-scale animal rescue, scientific conservation, and global awareness for ethical treatment of animals.
• The recognition was announced at an international wildlife conservation event, where the Global Humane Society described his work as “a new global benchmark for compassion in action.”
• The honour is considered one of the highest global awards in animal welfare and is given only to individuals who have made transformative global impact in conservation and humanitarian responsibility.

Key Highlights

• Vantara, founded by Anant Ambani, is a large-scale animal welfare and conservation initiative in India focusing on rescue, rehabilitation, veterinary care and species preservation.
• The project is based on a science-led conservation model, combining:
  • Ex situ conservation (outside natural habitat)
  • In situ conservation (within natural ecosystem)
• Vantara is Global Humane Certified, signifying adherence to international ethical standards for animal safety, rehabilitation, and care.
• The centre aims to rehabilitate endangered and extinct-in-the-wild species and support their reintroduction into natural habitats to strengthen biodiversity.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: MOUS AND AGREEMENT

Tata Electronics & Intel Sign MoU for Semiconductor Collaboration in India

• Tata Electronics and Intel Corporation signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to collaborate on semiconductor manufacturing and advanced packaging in India.
• The collaboration will utilize Tata’s upcoming semiconductor facilities in Dholera, Gujarat (Chip Fabrication Unit) and Guwahati, Assam (OSAT – Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Testing Unit) to manufacture and package Intel semiconductor chips in India.
• The MoU includes cooperation in chip fabrication, packaging and testing, advanced packaging technologies, and scaling Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Personal Computer (PC) solutions for the Indian market.
• The partnership aims to strengthen India’s semiconductor value chain, reduce import dependency, and position India as a key player in the global semiconductor supply chain amid increasing AI and high-performance computing demand.
• Lip-Bu Tan (CEO, Intel Corporation) called India one of the fastest-growing computing markets and termed the collaboration a major opportunity to scale semiconductor production.
• Tata’s Dholera fabrication plant was approved under the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) on 29 February 2024, is expected to be operational by 2027, and will employ around 2,000 people.
• The Guwahati OSAT facility will support chip packaging, testing, and readiness for end use, strengthening India's downstream semiconductor capabilities.
• OSAT (Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Testing) refers to cutting silicon wafers, assembling, packaging, and testing chips, while advanced packaging integrates multiple chips into compact, high-performance semiconductor modules—critical for AI and modern computing.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

Indian Coast Guard carries out two-day Sagar Kavach coastal security drill along the Maharashtra–Goa coastline

• The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) conducted the Coastal Security Exercise Sagar Kavach-02/25 along the Maharashtra & Goa coastline on November 19–20, 2025.
• The exercise showcased high inter-agency coordination, strong operational readiness, and capabilities to counter maritime security contingencies, including threats from Anti-National Elements (ANEs).
• Over 6,000 personnel and more than 115 sea and air assets participated in the two-day exercise.
• The aim was to assess preparedness of all agencies in handling coastal security emergencies and preventing attacks on critical coastal installations.
• The exercise strengthened the multi-layered Coastal Security Network and enhanced synergy among central and state stakeholders.
• Maritime and aerial assets used included Indian Navy ships, ICG ships, ICG Dornier aircraft, Chetak helicopters, and Air Cushion Vehicles (ACVs).
• Participation included 19 central agencies, 13 state agencies, one major port, 21 minor ports, and multiple district-level coastal authorities.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Bharti Airtel, Google Team Up to Introduce Rich Communication Services  Messaging Services in India

• Bharti Airtel Limited has partnered with Google LLC to launch Rich Communication Services (RCS) messaging on its network in India.
• Airtel will offer RCS under a commercial model of ₹0.11 per message, with an 80:20 revenue-sharing arrangement between Airtel and Google.
• Under the deployment arrangement, Airtel will use Google’s RCS platform, integrated with Airtel’s AI-based spam filter, ensuring that only approved messages reach users.
• With Airtel joining Jio and Vodafone Idea, all major Indian telecom operators now support RCS, strengthening business messaging in the country.
• The deployment opens discussions on off-net interoperability and potential Interconnection Usage Charges (IUC) for RCS traffic.
• Rich Communication Services (RCS), developed by the GSMA in 2007, provides advanced features such as group chats, read receipts, file/location sharing, encryption, and high-quality media over mobile data or Wi-Fi.
• RCS is widely used via Google Messages, which handles ~1 billion daily messages

Tata Advanced Systems Limited  and Lockheed Martin to Establish C-130J MRO Facility in Bengaluru

• Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tata Sons, and the United States of America (USA) based leading global aerospace and defence company Lockheed Martin, announced a new Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul (MRO) facility in Bengaluru, Karnataka to support the Indian Air Force’s (IAF) C-130J Super Hercules fleet.
• The new MRO hub will offer comprehensive maintenance, upgrades, and support for C-130J aircraft, making India a regional centre for military aircraft servicing.
• The facility will help boost C-130J fleet availability, reduce maintenance turnaround time, and enhance operational readiness of the aircraft.
• Construction of the MRO facility will be completed by end-2026, and the first aircraft will enter MRO operations by early 2027.
• The IAF currently operates 12 C-130J Super Hercules aircraft, primarily used for strategic airlift, special forces missions, disaster response, and humanitarian assistance.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

Lando Norris Wins Formula 1 (F1) World Championship 2025

• Lando Norris, driving for McLaren, won the 2025 Formula 1 World Championship after finishing 3rd in the final race — the 2025 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.
• Norris became the 11th British Formula 1 World Champion and the first since Lewis Hamilton in 2020.
• This is McLaren’s first Drivers’ Championship since 2008, when Lewis Hamilton won his first title for the team.
• Norris won the championship by a narrow margin, finishing with 423 points, just 2 points ahead of defending champion Max Verstappen (421 points).
• Final Podium – Abu Dhabi Grand Prix 2025:
  • 1st: Max Verstappen (Red Bull)
  • 2nd: Oscar Piastri (McLaren)
  • 3rd: Lando Norris (McLaren)
• Final 2025 F1 Drivers' Standings:
  • Lando Norris (McLaren): 423 points
  • Max Verstappen (Red Bull): 421 points
  • Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 410 points
• The title fight was one of the closest in recent Formula 1 history, with three drivers mathematically eligible for the championship entering the final race.
• Norris joined McLaren in 2019 and became a fan favourite known for his speed, consistency, and sportsmanship.
• By winning the championship, Norris joins other British F1 legends including:
  Lewis Hamilton, Jenson Button, Damon Hill, Nigel Mansell, and Jackie Stewart.
• Norris enters the 2026 season as defending champion, while rivals Max Verstappen and Oscar Piastri are expected to remain strong contenders, setting the stage for another competitive Formula 1 season.

India’s Sarwagya Singh Kushwaha Becomes World’s Youngest FIDE-Rated Chess Player

• Sarwagya Singh Kushwaha, a 3-year-old from Madhya Pradesh, became the youngest officially rated chess player in the world in December 2025.
• He achieved this at the age of 3 years, 7 months, and 20 days, entering the records of FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs / International Chess Federation).
• He received an official rapid rating of 1572, which is significantly higher than the usual minimum entry rating of 1400 required for official recognition.
• Sarwagya earned his rating after defeating multiple adult players, including:
  • Yogesh Namdev (Rating: 1696)
  • Abhijeet Awasthi (Rating: 1542)
  • Shubham Chourasiya (Rating: 1559)
• Sarwagya began showing exceptional chess ability at 2.5 years old, identifying all chess pieces within a week of learning the game.
• He currently trains 4–5 hours daily, including online games and puzzle solving, alongside guided coaching.
• FIDE (International Chess Federation) is the global body responsible for official chess tournaments, rules, and player rankings.
• Obtaining a FIDE rating is considered the first official step in a competitive chess career, paving the way for future titles like:
  • FM – FIDE Master
  • IM – International Master
  • GM – Grandmaster
• Sarwagya’s achievement highlights India’s rise as a global chess powerhouse, following the success of young talents like R Praggnanandhaa and D Gukesh.
• His achievement reflects India’s growing ecosystem of grassroots coaching, online training platforms, and early chess exposure among children.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

International Mountain Day 2025 – Observed on 11th December

• International Mountain Day (IMD) 2025 is observed on 11th December to promote awareness about the importance of mountains, their ecosystems, and communities.
• The 2025 theme is “Glaciers matter for water, food and livelihoods in mountains and beyond”, highlighting the crucial role of glaciers in sustaining life and the risks posed by climate change.
• Increasing climate variability has reduced mountain agriculture productivity, leading many men to migrate in search of alternative livelihoods.
• As a result, mountain women have taken on additional responsibilities, yet they remain largely invisible due to limited decision-making power and unequal access to resources.
• In the United States, there was a long-standing tradition where students skipped classes to visit nearby mountains for recreation, which became an informal celebration of mountain appreciation.
• The United Nations General Assembly declared 2002 as the International Year of Mountains, recognising the global importance of mountain ecosystems.
• The UNGA established 11 December as International Mountain Day to promote conservation, sustainable development, and protection of mountain environments.
• Japan observes Mountain Day as a national holiday, aimed at encouraging people to appreciate mountains and the natural environment.

UNICEF Foundation Day 2025 – Observed on 11th December

• UNICEF Foundation Day 2025 is observed on 11th December to honor the establishment and global humanitarian work of UNICEF.
• UNICEF stands for United Nations International Children Emergency Fund.
• The theme for 2025 is “My Day, My Rights”, focusing on children's rights, protection, and empowerment across the world.
• UNICEF was established in 1946 to provide emergency food and healthcare to children and mothers affected by the devastation of World War II.
• It was initially created by the U.N. Relief Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) in 1946 to channel immediate relief funds for war-affected children and mothers.
• In the same year, the U.N. General Assembly formally founded the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) to institutionalize post-war relief efforts.
• UNICEF operates entirely on voluntary contributions from governments, private donors, intergovernmental organizations, and partnerships.
• In 2019, UNICEF received $4.7 billion in contributions from 137 government partners, intergovernmental bodies, and inter-organizational arrangements.

Daily CA One- Liner: December 11^th

• As of November 2025, total deposits in Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) accounts reached ₹2.75 lakh crore, reflecting deepening financial inclusion
• Adani Group announced the establishment of a 48-megawatt (MW) green data centre in Telangana to strengthen India's digital infrastructure
• India launched Gyan Bharatam, a national programme under the Ministry of Culture, aimed at conserving and digitizing India’s manuscript heritage.
• India has launched the official countdown for the WHO (World Health Organization) Global Summit on Traditional Medicine 2025, which will be held from 17–19 December 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi
• NATGRID (National Intelligence Grid) is a digital intelligence platform that provides real-time access to integrated government and private databases to support counter-terrorism and national security operations
• Maharashtra installed 45,911 off-grid solar agricultural pumps in 30 days, achieving a Guinness World Record and becoming the second fastest globally after China in solar pump deployment by a single administrative region.
• Bollywood actress Raveena Tandon has been awarded PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) India Person of the Year 2025 for her long-term contribution to animal rights, wildlife protection, and humane education
• Anant Ambani, founder of Vantara, has become the youngest recipient and the first Asian to receive the Global Humanitarian Award for Animal Welfare by the Global Humane Society
• Tata Electronics and Intel Corporation signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to collaborate on semiconductor manufacturing and advanced packaging in India
• Lando Norris, driving for McLaren, won the 2025 Formula 1 World Championship after finishing 3rd in the final race — the 2025 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.
• Sarwagya Singh Kushwaha, a 3-year-old from Madhya Pradesh, became the youngest officially rated chess player in the world in December 2025.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued revised directions to modify rules on the export and import of Indian currency to and from Nepal and Bhutan.
• According to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) data, Public Sector Banks (PSBs) have written off loans worth ₹6.15 lakh crore over the last five financial years plus FY 2025 (up to Sept 30).
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has directed banks partnered with FPL Technologies (OneCard) to halt fresh issuance of co-branded credit cards due to regulatory concerns.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has been conducting the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF) since September 2007.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed a ₹99.30 lakh monetary penalty on Jammu & Kashmir Bank Limited.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued Amendment Directions to modify the Credit Information Reporting Directions, 2025 based on feedback from the earlier draft framework.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced a two-month campaign starting 1st January,2026 to clear all customer grievances pending for more than a month with the RBI Ombudsman.
• Groww has received Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) approval to operate as an Online Bond Platform Provider (OBPP), enabling it to list, distribute, and transact in listed corporate bonds directly through its app.
• The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has introduced a major overhaul of Merchant Banker (MB) regulations, bringing in a capital adequacy framework with mandatory liquid net worth (NW) and minimum revenue
• IDFC First Bank launched an upgraded ‘FIRST WOW! Black Credit Card’, which is a premium credit card backed by Fixed Deposit (FD).
• Airpay Payment Services Private. Limited. received full authorisation from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) under the Payment and Settlement Systems (PSS) Act, 2007 to operate as a full-stack cross-border Payment Aggregator (PA-CB).
• The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) conducted the Coastal Security Exercise Sagar Kavach-02/25 along the Maharashtra & Goa coastline on November 19–20, 2025.
• Bharti Airtel Limited has partnered with Google LLC to launch Rich Communication Services (RCS) messaging on its network in India.
• Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tata Sons, and the United States of America (USA) based leading global aerospace and defence company Lockheed Martin, announced a new Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul (MRO) facility in Bengaluru, Karnataka to support the Indian Air Force’s (IAF) C-130J Super Hercules fleet.
• International Mountain Day (IMD) 2025 is observed on 11th December to promote awareness about the importance of mountains, their ecosystems, and communities
• UNICEF Foundation Day 2025 is observed on 11th December to honor the establishment and global humanitarian work of UNICEF.