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CURRENT AFFAIRS : BANKING, FINANCE & BUSINESS

Reserve Bank of India Levies Monetary Penalty on Bank of Baroda and GIC Housing Finance for Regulatory Violations

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed a combined monetary penalty of 66.7 lakh on Bank of Baroda (BoB) and GIC Housing Finance for non-compliance with regulatory directions.
• The penalties were imposed for violations related to Know Your Customer (KYC) norms, lending guidelines, and the Fair Practices Code for Lenders.
• The RBI detected these deficiencies during its supervisory inspection of the institutions.
• Bank of Baroda (BoB) was penalized 63.6 lakh for charging interest rates higher than the contracted rates, failing to upload KYC records to the Central KYC Records Registry (CKYCR) within the prescribed timelines, and violating the Fair Practices Code for Lenders.
• GIC Housing Finance was imposed a penalty of 3.1 lakh for deficiencies in compliance with KYC guidelines.
• The Central KYC Records Registry (CKYCR) is a centralized database that stores KYC records to facilitate seamless customer verification across financial institutions.
• CKYCR is managed by the Central Registry of Securitisation Asset Reconstruction and Security Interest of India (CERSAI) on behalf of the Government of India (GoI).
• The CKYCR framework aims to streamline KYC compliance, reduce duplication of customer verification, and improve the efficiency of the financial system.

About Bank of Baroda :

• Founded : 20 July 1908
• Headquarters : Vadodara, Gujarat, India
• MD & CEO : Debadatta Chand

Asian Development Bank Sanctions USD 230 Million Loan to Upgrade Chennai’s Water Supply and Sanitation Infrastructure

• The Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a USD 230 million (approximately Rs. 1,920 crore) loan to modernise and expand Chennai’s water supply and sanitation infrastructure in Tamil Nadu (TN).
• The Chennai Urban Water and Sanitation Modernisation Project is expected to benefit around 4.5 million residents in the Greater Chennai Area.
• The project is aligned with the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) 2.0 and the Urban Challenge Fund, supporting India’s urban infrastructure modernisation.
• Under the project, more than 170 kilometres (km) of water supply and sewer pipelines will be constructed to improve urban water distribution and sanitation.
• The project includes the upgradation of 7 water pumping stations and 38 sewer pumping stations to enhance operational efficiency.
• Performance-based contracts will be used to strengthen water utility assets, improve operations management, and ensure long-term sustainability.
• Chennai will become the first Indian city to implement a comprehensive Ring-Main Water Distribution System, ensuring balanced water pressure, efficient distribution, equitable supply, and greater resilience to natural hazards.
• The project will support digital transformation of water and sanitation services through real-time monitoring, data-driven decision-making, and improved customer responsiveness.
• It will introduce advanced technologies to eliminate hazardous manual sewer inspections, improve blockage detection, enhance worker safety, and prepare distribution networks in at least two Greater Chennai zones for future investments.

Recent News :

• In July 2026, The Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a USD 182.89 million (Japanese Yen equivalent) loan for Karnataka to strengthen the public school system under the Strengthening Karnataka Public Schools Program.

About ADB :

• Formation : 19 December 1966
• Headquarters : Philippines
• President : Masato Kanda
• Members : 69 countries

Paytm Europe Receives Payment Institution Licence Approval from Luxembourg’s Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier

• Paytm Europe Payments S.A., the European arm of One97 Communications (Paytm), secured a Payment Institution (PI) Licence from Luxembourg’s financial regulator, Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF).
• The PI Licence was officially registered on the CSSF list of payment institutions with effect from 2 July 2026.
• The licence authorises Paytm Europe to offer regulated payment services across the European Economic Area (EEA).
• The regulatory approval followed Paytm’s May 2026 announcement that Paytm Cloud Technologies Limited (PCTL) would invest an additional EUR 9 million in Paytm Europe Payments S.A.
• The EUR 9 million capital infusion is intended to meet business funding requirements and increase the company's paid-up capital.
• The licence enables Paytm Europe to execute payment transactions and credit transfers, including standing orders, through payment accounts and credit lines.
• The approval also authorises the company to provide payment-acquiring services across the EEA.

About Paytm :

• Paytm is a digital payments and fintech company operated by One97 Communications Limited.
• Paytm was founded in 2010 by Vijay Shekhar Sharma.
• The headquarters of Paytm is located in Noida, Uttar Pradesh.

Nine Years of Goods and Services Tax: Transforming India's Tax System and Driving Economic Growth

• Goods and Services Tax (GST) was launched on 1 July 2017 under the vision of "One Nation, One Tax", replacing 17 indirect taxes and 13 cesses with a unified indirect tax system.
• GST eliminated the cascading effect of taxes (tax on tax), created a common national market, and strengthened the vision of "Ek Bharat – Shreshtha Bharat."

Key Highlights :

• GST is a destination-based consumption tax, where tax revenue accrues to the State in which goods or services are finally consumed.
• GST is levied on the supply of goods and services rather than separately on manufacture, sale, or services.
• India follows a Dual GST Model, comprising Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST), State Goods and Services Tax (SGST), and Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) for inter-state supplies.
• IGST is levied on inter-state supplies, and its rate is generally twice the CGST/SGST rate.
• The GST Council is a statutory body that promotes co-operative federalism by enabling joint decision-making between the Central Government and State Governments.
• GST Council regularly reviews tax policies, approves reforms, and responds to emerging economic challenges through timely policy changes.
• Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN) is a 50:50 Centre-State Government-owned company providing the common digital infrastructure for GST administration.
• GSTN supports taxpayers through online registration, return filing, e-invoicing, tax payments, and other digital services.
• The number of GST registered taxpayers increased from 66.5 lakh (2017) to 1.65 crore (May 2026), reflecting greater formalisation of the Indian economy.
• Gross GST collections increased from around ₹7.4 lakh crore (2017–18) to around ₹22.27 lakh crore (2025–26).
• During April–May 2026, GST collections reached approximately ₹4.37 lakh crore, maintaining strong revenue growth.
• Gross GST collection in June 2026 stood at ₹1,94,812 crore, registering a 9% year-on-year growth over ₹1,71,105 crore collected in June 2025.
• Among major States, Karnataka (₹12,937 crore), Gujarat (₹11,743 crore), and Uttar Pradesh (₹9,165 crore; 19% growth) recorded strong GST collection growth.
• Sikkim (-53%) recorded the highest decline in GST collections, followed by Puducherry (-28%), Himachal Pradesh (-26%), Uttarakhand (-21%), and Tamil Nadu (-2%).
• GST applies to almost all goods and services, while alcoholic liquor for human consumption remains outside its ambit.
• Only five specified petroleum products can be brought under GST when approved by the GST Council.
• The 56th GST Council Meeting approved the Next-Generation GST Reforms (GST 2.0), which came into effect from 22 September 2025.
• GST 2.0 streamlined the tax structure primarily into two slabs – 5% and 18%, simplifying taxation.
• A 40% GST rate was introduced for luxury and sin goods, including lottery, online gaming, tobacco, aerated drinks, high-end cars, yachts, and private aircraft, to maintain revenue balance.
• GST 2.0 simplified registration, return filing, refund processing, and reduced compliance costs, especially benefiting MSMEs and startups.
• The Composition Scheme allows small taxpayers to pay GST at a fixed rate on turnover with simplified documentation and return filing.
• The Quarterly Return Filing and Monthly Payment (QRMP) Scheme, introduced in 2020, allows taxpayers with annual turnover up to ₹5 crore to file quarterly GST returns.
• Taxpayers with no transactions can file NIL GST returns through SMS, further simplifying compliance.
• From October 2023, small intra-state suppliers selling through e-commerce platforms have been exempted from mandatory GST registration.
• The Ease-based Registration Scheme enables low-risk applicants to obtain GST registration within three working days.
• Amendments under GST 2.0 reduced the pre-deposit amount required for filing GST appeals.
• A waiver of interest and penalties was provided for certain GST demand notices relating to FY 2017–18, 2018–19, and 2019–20, subject to specified conditions.
• GST collections have become a high-frequency indicator of economic activity, reflecting stronger consumption, trade, compliance, and tax reporting.
• E-invoicing and the GSTN portal enable real-time invoice capture, reducing manual reporting, improving transparency, and minimising reporting mismatches.
• Supplier tax liability matching with Recipient Input Tax Credit (ITC) has streamlined tax administration through pre-filled returns, real-time validation, and simplified reconciliation.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL AND STATE NEWS

Prime Minister Narendra Modi Inaugurates CG Semi Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) Facility in Gujarat

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the CG Semi Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) Facility at Sanand, Gujarat, marking a major milestone in India's semiconductor manufacturing journey.
• The facility has been developed under the Semicon India Programme to strengthen India's semiconductor ecosystem by expanding chip assembly, packaging, and testing capabilities.
• The project supports India's vision of building a complete semiconductor value chain, covering chip design, fabrication, assembly, packaging, and testing, while promoting technological self-reliance.
• An Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) facility performs the final stages of semiconductor manufacturing, including:
• Semiconductor chip assembly
• Chip packaging
• Electrical testing
• Quality assurance
• Reliability testing
• Verification of packaging specifications
• OSAT facilities ensure semiconductor chips are ready for use in smartphones, automobiles, industrial equipment, and consumer electronics.
• Key highlights of the CG Semi OSAT Facility:
• Location: Sanand, Gujarat
• Inaugurated on: 4 July 2026
• Developed under: Semicon India Programme
• Collaboration: Indian, Japanese, and Thai partners
• Initial production capacity: 20 crore semiconductor units annually
• Planned expansion: 500 crore semiconductor units annually
• The facility progressed from the foundation stone in 2024 to commercial operations in 2026, demonstrating India's rapid advancement in high-tech manufacturing.
• The Semicon India Programme aims to establish India as a global semiconductor hub by developing an integrated ecosystem covering:
• Chip design
• Semiconductor fabrication
• Chip assembly
• Packaging
• Testing
• Supply chain development
• Research and innovation

RECENT NEWS

• Honorable Prime Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi have inaugurated the ambitious Ganga Expressway in Hardoi Uttar Pradesh on the 29th April, 2026. This expressway spanning around the 594 km and this six-lane (which is expandable to eight in future) expressway is one of the India’s longest greenfield corridors

Delhi Government Launches Mission Kayakalp to Modernise Government Schools

• The Delhi Government has launched Mission Kayakalp, a comprehensive initiative to modernise the infrastructure of government schools and provide students with a safe, clean, inclusive, and technology-enabled learning environment.
• The mission aims to upgrade school infrastructure through repair of school buildings, modernisation of laboratories, improvement of sanitation facilities, provision of safe drinking water, and enhancement of campus amenities.
• According to Chief Minister Rekha Gupta, the objective is to transform government schools into modern, clean, and inspiring centres of learning.
• Mission Kayakalp focuses on improving the quality of educational infrastructure, ensuring safe and hygienic learning conditions, strengthening water and sanitation facilities, upgrading science laboratories and other educational facilities, and enhancing accessibility for children with disabilities.
• The initiative also promotes environmental sustainability by developing green campuses and encouraging eco-friendly practices in schools.
• Key infrastructure improvements under the mission include school building repairs, installation of Reverse Osmosis (RO) water purification systems, improved sanitation facilities, modern educational infrastructure, inclusive facilities for students with disabilities, and greener school campuses.
• The programme encourages participation from District Administrations, the Department of Education, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives, social organisations, market associations, and local communities to accelerate infrastructure development.
• Mission Kayakalp is expected to improve the overall quality of education by creating a healthier learning environment, promoting inclusive education, strengthening environmental sustainability, and increasing community participation in school development.

About Delhi (National Capital Territory):

• Chief Minister: Rekha Gupta
• Lieutenant Governor: Taranjit Singh Sandhu
• Capital: New Delhi
• National Parks: None
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Asola Bhatti (Indira Priyadarshini) Wildlife Sanctuary

RECENT NEWS

• Delhi approved the Delhi Electric Vehicle (EV) Policy 2.0, and it will be effective from July 1, 2026, to March 31, 2030. This policy primarily aims to accelerate the electric vehicle adoption via the subsidies, tax exemptions, scrappage incentives and the phased transition away from the petrol and CNG vehicles. 

India to Chair Ninth Session of United Nations Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Consumer Protection

• India will chair the Ninth Session of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts (IGE) on Consumer Protection Law and Policy, organised by the United Nations Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
• The three-day meeting will be held at the Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland.
• The session will bring together policymakers, regulators, consumer protection authorities, and international organisations to discuss emerging consumer protection challenges and strengthen international cooperation.
• The Intergovernmental Group of Experts (IGE) on Consumer Protection Law and Policy functions under the United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection (UNGCP) and serves as the principal global platform for cooperation on consumer protection policies.
• Nidhi Khare, Secretary, Department of Consumer Affairs, will lead the Indian delegation and chair the session, facilitating discussions and building consensus among member countries.
• A key highlight of the meeting will be the launch of the United Nations Principles for Consumer Product Safety, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in December 2025, to establish global standards for consumer product safety and regulatory cooperation.
• The session will also conduct a voluntary peer review of Argentina's consumer protection laws, enabling member countries to exchange best practices and strengthen consumer protection frameworks.
• India will showcase its consumer protection initiatives, including the National Consumer Helpline (NCH), which has successfully resolved over 1.47 lakh refund-related grievances and facilitated refunds exceeding ₹91.77 crore during the previous 14 months.
• India will also highlight e-Jagriti, an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled digital consumer grievance platform that offers online complaint filing, virtual hearings, digital case management, electronic access to proceedings, and support for Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and cross-border consumer disputes.

About United Nations Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

• Established: 1964
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Secretary-General: Rebeca Grynspan
• Objective: To promote inclusive and sustainable trade, investment, finance, and development, particularly for developing countries.

India Commemorates 125th Birth Anniversary of Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee

• India commemorated the 125th birth anniversary of Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee on 6 July 2026, honouring his contributions as a statesman, educationist, lawyer, parliamentarian, and nationalist leader.
• Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee was born on 6 July 1901 in Calcutta (now Kolkata), West Bengal.
• He served as India's first Minister for Industry and Supply in the first Union Cabinet headed by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru after Independence and played a key role in laying the foundation for India's industrial development.
• In 1934, at the age of 33, he became the youngest Vice-Chancellor of the University of Calcutta, where he introduced academic reforms, promoted research, encouraged the use of Indian languages, and strengthened higher education.
• In 1951, Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee founded the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS), which later evolved into the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
• He was a strong advocate of national integration and opposed the existence of separate constitutional arrangements for Jammu and Kashmir.
• He is remembered for the slogan "Ek Desh Mein Do Vidhan, Do Pradhan Aur Do Nishan Nahi Chalenge" (One Nation cannot have two Constitutions, two Prime Ministers, and two National Flags), reflecting his commitment to national unity.
• His contributions to education, industrial development, democratic values, and national integration continue to be remembered across the country.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : INTERNATIONAL NEWS

Mukesh Ambani, Sunil Bharti Mittal and Lakshmi N. Mittal Join International Telecommunication Union’s Artificial Intelligence for Good Global Commission as Founding Members

• The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a United Nations (UN)-backed agency, launched the Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Good Global Commission in Geneva, Switzerland.
• The AI for Good Global Commission was launched with 44 founding members to strengthen global AI governance, digital inclusion, trust, and innovation frameworks.
• The primary objective of the Commission is to ensure Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used as a force for global good by promoting equitable digital inclusion, expanding AI access, strengthening trust, and addressing global inequalities caused by the digital divide.
• India is represented among the founding members by Mukesh Ambani (Chairman & Managing Director of Reliance Industries), Sunil Bharti Mittal (Founder & Chairman of Bharti Enterprises Limited), and Lakshmi N. Mittal (Executive Chairman of ArcelorMittal S.A.).
• The AI for Good Global Commission is co-chaired by Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda, and Marc Benioff, Chair and CEO of Salesforce.
• Doreen Bogdan-Martin, Secretary-General of the ITU, serves as the Vice-Chair of the Commission.
• Other prominent members include Jensen Huang (Founder & CEO of NVIDIA), Brad Smith (Vice Chair & President of Microsoft), Andy Jassy (CEO & President of Amazon.com), Julie Sweet (Chair & CEO of Accenture), and Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (Director-General of the World Trade Organization – WTO).
• The Commission focuses on promoting responsible AI development, global cooperation, and inclusive digital transformation through international collaboration.

Key Highlights of Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s Official Visit to India

• Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi paid a 3-day official visit to India from 1–3 July 2026 at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to participate in the 16th India-Japan Annual Summit.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi held a bilateral meeting with PM Sanae Takaichi at Hyderabad House, New Delhi, focusing on economic cooperation, resilient semiconductor supply chains, and critical technologies.
• The 16th India-Japan Annual Summit was held in New Delhi, where both countries announced 16 key outcomes to deepen bilateral cooperation.
• The 16 key outcomes cover strategic sectors including Artificial Intelligence (AI), economic security, clean energy, critical minerals, mobility, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.
• During the visit, PM Narendra Modi and PM Sanae Takaichi jointly attended the Japan-India Joint Economic Forum, hosted by the Japan External Trade Organisation (JETRO) in New Delhi.
• The Japan-India Joint Economic Forum witnessed the inauguration of Maruti Suzuki’s 4th vehicle manufacturing facility at Kharkhoda, Haryana.
• During the Forum, Indian and Japanese companies signed 129 Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with a total investment commitment of approximately 1 lakh crore.
• Both countries announced that the 4th India-Japan 2+2 Ministerial Meeting will be held in Tokyo by the end of 2026.
• India and Japan also announced their first-ever defence co-development project, involving the Unified Complex Radio Antenna (UNICORN) System for the Indian Navy (IN).

About Japan :

• Capital : Tokyo
• Currency : Japanese yen

CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Wins Gold at National Awards for e-Governance 2026 for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Powered Mental Health Platform

• The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) received the Gold Award at the National Awards for e-Governance 2026 under the category "Innovation through the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Other New Age Technologies to Deliver Citizen-Centric Services."
• The award was conferred for ICMR-MINDS, an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered mental health management platform designed to improve access to quality mental healthcare across India.
• The award was presented during the 29th National Conference on e-Governance (NCeG), held in Jaipur, Rajasthan, on 1–2 July 2026.
• Dr. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, presented the award to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
• ICMR-MINDS aims to integrate mental healthcare with the management of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) by enabling trained frontline healthcare workers to deliver standardised, evidence-based mental health services through digital tools.
• The platform is built on an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) that provides mental health screening, clinical assessment, treatment recommendations, follow-up guidelines, and patient management protocols.
• Key features of ICMR-MINDS include Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based clinical guidance, multilingual support, offline functionality, standardised digital screening tools, gamified user interface, and real-time administrative dashboards.
• The initiative is being implemented in collaboration with leading institutions, including All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Guwahati, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Gujarat Institute of Mental Health, and St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, along with state governments and district health authorities.

About Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)

• Established: 1911 (as Indian Research Fund Association); renamed Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in 1949
• Headquarters: New Delhi
• Parent Ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Director General: Dr. Rajiv Bahl

CURRENT AFFAIRS : APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Rear Admiral (Retd.) C. Raghuram Takes Over as Chairman & Managing Director of Hindustan Shipyard Limited

• Rear Admiral (Retd.) Chadrasekhran (C.) Raghuram assumed charge as the Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL) at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
• Raghuram succeeded Captain Ganti Venkateswarlu, who had been holding the additional charge of CMD since January 2026.

About C. Raghuram :

• Raghuram was commissioned into the Indian Navy (IN) on 10 November 1989.
• He brings over 35 years of experience in naval engineering, ship maintenance, and strategic planning.
• Before becoming CMD of HSL, he served as the Assistant Chief of Material in the Indian Navy, overseeing the maintenance of key naval platforms.
• During his naval career, he served as the Commanding Officer of INS Valsura.
• He also held the position of Principal Director (Electrical Engineering) at the Integrated Headquarters of the Ministry of Defence (Navy).
• Raghuram additionally served as the Command Electrical Officer at the Eastern Naval Command (ENC) and held several other senior leadership positions in the Indian Navy.
• He was conferred the prestigious Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM) in 2017 for his distinguished service.

About Hindustan Shipyard Limited :

• Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL) was established in 1941.
• HSL is a Miniratna Category-I Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) functioning under the Ministry of Defence (MoD).
• The headquarters of HSL is located in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

Keiko Fujimori Elected as President of Peru After 2026 Runoff Victory

• Keiko Fujimori, leader of the conservative Popular Force Party, was declared the winner of Peru’s 2026 Presidential Election after a closely contested runoff.
• Keiko Fujimori is scheduled to assume office on 28 July 2026 as the President of Peru.
• She will succeed interim President José María Balcázar.
• With her swearing-in, Keiko Fujimori will become Peru’s 10th President in a decade, reflecting the country's prolonged political instability.
• Keiko Fujimori is the daughter of former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori.
• She is one of the most prominent leaders of the Fujimorism political movement in Peru.
• Keiko Fujimori served as the First Lady of Peru from 1994 to 2000, during the presidency of her father Alberto Fujimori.
• She entered active politics after being elected as a Member of Congress for Lima, serving from 2006 to 2011.
• Keiko Fujimori has been the leader of the Popular Force Party since 2010, strengthening the party’s political influence in Peru.
• She has contested the Peruvian Presidential Election four times — 2011, 2016, 2021, and 2026.
• The 2026 Presidential Election marked Keiko Fujimori’s first electoral victory after three previous unsuccessful presidential bids.

About Peru :

• Capital : Lima
• Currency : Peruvian sol

CURRENT AFFAIRS : DEFENCE NEWS

General Dhiraj Seth Launches ‘VIJAY’ Roadmap to Transform the Indian Army into a Future-Ready Force

• General Dhiraj Seth assumed charge as the 31st Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) of the Indian Army (IA) and unveiled the ‘VIJAY’ roadmap to build a technology-driven, future-ready military force.
• VIJAY stands for Vigilance, Innovation, Jointness and Integration, Aatmanirbharta, and Yodha first.
• The VIJAY roadmap is aligned with the Ministry of Defence (MoD)’s ‘Decade of Transformation (2023–2032)’, focusing on transforming the Indian Army into a digitized, technology-enabled, self-reliant (Aatmanirbhar), and multi-domain-capable force.
• The VIJAY framework was developed under the direction of the Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) and will be implemented across all operational commands of the Indian Army.
• V – Vigilance focuses on strengthening border security and addressing emerging security threats.
• I – Innovation and Transformation emphasizes modern military doctrine, advanced technologies, and technology-driven warfare.
• J – Jointness and Integration aims to enhance tri-services synergy and promote a whole-of-nation approach towards achieving Viksit Bharat 2047.
• A – Aatmanirbharta focuses on developing self-reliant defence capabilities by promoting indigenous defence technologies and manufacturing.
• Y – Yodha First prioritizes human capital development through training, skill development, and welfare of Agniveers, veterans, and Veer Naris.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

AgniKul Cosmos and ICEYE Join Hands to Build India’s End-to-End Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite Ecosystem

• AgniKul Cosmos Private Limited, an Indian private space startup, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with ICEYE, a Finland-based Earth observation company, to jointly develop an end-to-end Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Earth-observation ecosystem from India.
• The MoU was signed during the Bharat Innovates Summit, held in Nice, France, from 30 June to 1 July 2026.
• The collaboration combines ICEYE’s advanced SAR satellite technology with AgniKul Cosmos’ indigenous launch vehicle capability.
• The partnership aims to establish a sovereign end-to-end space ecosystem in India, reducing dependence on foreign space systems.
• Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites use radar technology instead of optical cameras to capture high-resolution Earth images, irrespective of cloud cover, weather conditions, or day and night.
• The partnership includes satellite manufacturing in India, launching satellites through AgniKul’s indigenous rockets, and creating a repeatable satellite-to-launch model for long-term deployment.
• The jointly developed SAR ecosystem will serve both Indian and global customers with reliable Earth-observation services.
• SAR technology has wide-ranging applications in disaster management, border surveillance, environmental monitoring, and defence operations.

About AgniKul Cosmos :

• AgniKul Cosmos is an Indian private aerospace manufacturer and commercial launch-service provider, established in 2017.
• AgniKul Cosmos is based at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission: Powering India's Digital Healthcare Ecosystem

• Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) was launched in September 2021 by the Government of India to create an integrated, citizen-centric national digital health ecosystem.

Key Highlights :

• ABDM is one of the world’s largest digital health ecosystems, with over 104 crore health records linked to more than 93 crore Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA)
• The mission supports Universal Health Coverage (UHC) by enabling quality healthcare services, reducing paperwork, shortening waiting times, and improving healthcare accessibility.
• ABDM securely manages digital patient records, connects patients, hospitals, doctors, laboratories, pharmacies, insurers, and enables seamless portability of health records across ABDM-enabled healthcare facilities.
• Health records under ABDM are shared only through the patient’s revocable and time-bound consent, ensuring privacy, security, and data protection.
• ABHA (Ayushman Bharat Health Account) is a 14-digit unique digital health identifier that securely links an individual's health records, healthcare providers, insurers, and national health programmes, similar to Aadhaar.
• Healthcare Professionals Registry (HPR) is the national digital registry of verified doctors, AYUSH practitioners, and other healthcare professionals.
• Health Facility Registry (HFR) is the national digital registry of hospitals, clinics, diagnostic laboratories, pharmacies, and other healthcare facilities across India.
• Unified Health Interface (UHI) functions as the UPI for healthcare, enabling appointment booking, teleconsultations, doctor discovery, and healthcare services through interoperable applications.
• Aarogya Setu 2.0, launched on 29 June 2026 by Union Health Minister Jagat Prakash Nadda, has been transformed from a COVID-19 contact tracing application into a citizen-facing digital health application under ABDM.
• Aarogya Setu 2.0 provides ABHA creation, health record management, Scan & Register, Smart Reports using Optical Character Recognition (OCR), teleconsultations, in-person appointments, wearable-device integration, AI-driven health insights, and personal health record (PHR)
• The application allows users to view Ayushman Bharat–Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) benefits and private insurance information through the National Health Claims Exchange (NHCX).
• Aarogya Setu 2.0 enables users to locate nearby healthcare facilities, check real-time blood availability through e-RaktKosh, and access health blogs, IEC materials, videos, and FAQs.
• National Health Authority (NHA) introduced the Scan and Share service in 2022 under ABDM, enabling patients to scan QR codes for instant digital OPD registration.
• According to a study by the Indian Institute of Health Management Research (IIHMR), Scan and Share reduced patient waiting time from about one hour to 2–5 minutes.
• As of 18 June 2026, more than 21 crore ABHA-linked digital queue tokens had been generated through the Scan and Share service.
• All public and private healthcare facilities, including hospitals, clinics, diagnostic centres, laboratories, and pharmacies, can register under ABDM to enable interoperable digital health records.
• The Digital Health Incentive Scheme (DHIS) encourages healthcare providers and Digital Solution Companies (DSCs) to join ABDM through financial incentives and digitisation support.
• Under DHIS (as on 18 June 2026), incentives worth ₹107+ crore were provided to hospitals, ₹2.95 crore to diagnostic centres/laboratories/pharmacies, and ₹26+ crore to Digital Solution Companies (DSCs).
• eSushrut@Clinic, launched in June 2026, is a plug-and-play Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) for small clinics.
• eSushrut@Clinic automates patient registration, billing, reporting, and digital health record management, with access restricted to verified healthcare professionals and registered healthcare facilities through HPR and HFR.
• More than 2,200 healthcare facilities have been onboarded to eSushrut@Clinic, generating over 1,633 digital health records.
• In February 2026, the Government launched SAHI (Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare for India) to provide ethical, transparent, safe, and accountable guidelines for AI in healthcare.
• The Government also launched BODH (Benchmarking Open Data Platform for Health AI) as a secure federated AI ecosystem where AI models are trained without accessing raw patient data, ensuring complete privacy.

CURRENT AFFAIRS : ENVIRONMENT

Indian Council of Agricultural Research–Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Discovers New Deep-Sea Fish Species ‘Cyttopsis indica’ in Arabian Sea

• Researchers from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research–Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI) discovered a new deep-sea fish species named Cyttopsis indica (Indian dory).
• The new species was discovered in the Arabian Sea off the Kerala Coast.
• The detailed findings of the discovery were published in the Indian Journal of Fisheries.
• Cyttopsis indica was discovered in the eastern region of the Lakshadweep Sea.
• The species was found at a depth of approximately 350–500 metres below sea level.
• Cyttopsis indica belongs to the genus Cyttopsis, a primitive group of marine fishes commonly known as "dories".
• ICAR-CMFRI researchers used Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) technology to identify and confirm the new species.
• DNA analysis revealed that the fish previously identified as the Atlantic species Cyttopsis rosea possesses completely distinct structural characteristics unique to the Indian Ocean, leading to the identification of the new species Cyttopsis indica.

High-Resolution Radio Survey Uncovers Hidden Weakly Active Black Holes in Nearby Galaxies

• Astronomers discovered a hidden population of weakly active supermassive black holes in nearby galaxies using high-resolution radio observations, revealing black holes that were previously difficult to detect.
• The discovery is significant because weakly active black holes inject energy into their surroundings through jets and outflows, influencing star formation and the long-term evolution of galaxies.
• Astronomers believe that almost every galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its centre, but many remain extremely faint and escape conventional detection.
• The research was conducted by an international team of astronomers, including Aru Beri from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), an autonomous institute under the Department of Science and Technology (DST).
• The team used the e-MERLIN radio array to observe 280 nearby galaxies selected from the Palomar sample, examining their central regions on parsec scales.
• The study detected compact radio emission from the centres of nearly one-quarter of the galaxies, confirming the presence of weakly accreting supermassive black holes.
• Most detected sources appeared extremely compact, while a smaller number exhibited jet-like radio structures extending across several parsecs.
• The survey is among the first statistically complete high-resolution radio surveys capable of identifying faint black hole activity in nearby galaxies.
• Earlier studies were limited by insufficient sensitivity, lower angular resolution, or small and biased galaxy samples, making it difficult to detect weak nuclear activity.
• The radio observations were complemented with X-ray data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, helping confirm that the detected emissions originated from actively accreting supermassive black holes rather than star formation, supernova remnants, or X-ray binary systems.
• The findings indicate that low-level black hole activity may represent the dominant mode of black hole growth in the present-day Universe.
• The study highlights the importance of high-resolution radio astronomy in uncovering hidden weakly active black holes that are often missed in conventional galaxy surveys.
• The research findings were published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS).
• The study was authored by D. R. A. Williams-Baldwin and an international team of collaborators, including Dr. Aru Beri of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA).

CURRENT AFFAIRS: RANKING AND REPORTS

India Ranked 125th in Global Passport Index 2026

• India ranked 125th out of 197 countries in the Global Passport Index (GPI) 2026, published by Global Citizen Solutions.
• India slipped one position from 124th in the previous edition, despite improving its overall composite score to 45.1, the highest in the last five years.
• The Global Passport Index (GPI) evaluates passports based on Enhanced Mobility (50%), Quality of Living (25%), and Investment Opportunities (25%).
• India ranked 136th in Enhanced Mobility, 118th in Quality of Living, and 94th in Investment Opportunities.
• India's lower overall ranking is primarily due to its limited visa-free travel access, although it recorded improvements in quality of living and investment indicators.
• Indian passport holders enjoy visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to around 26 destinations, including Bhutan, Nepal, Jamaica, Barbados, Macau, Tunisia, Angola, and Palestine.
• Indian citizens still require visas for several major destinations, including the United States of America, United Kingdom, Germany, France, China, and United Arab Emirates.
• India improved gradually from 127th in 2021 to 125th in 2026, indicating steady progress over the past five years.

Top 10 Countries in Global Passport Index 2026

• Sweden secured the top position with an overall score of 96.05, while European countries dominated the rankings due to their strong performance in mobility, quality of living, and investment environment.
• Among India's neighbours, China ranked 104th, India 125th, Nepal 164th, Bangladesh 166th, and Pakistan 188th.
• Unlike the Henley Passport Index, which ranks passports mainly on visa-free travel access, the Global Passport Index (GPI) also considers quality of living and investment opportunities.

United States Ranked World's Most Influential Country in U.S. News & World Report 2026; India Placed 16th

• According to the U.S. News & World Report 2026 global rankings, the United States has been ranked as the world's most influential country, reflecting its leadership in economic strength, military capability, diplomacy, innovation, and cultural influence.
• The rankings assess countries based on their overall global influence and national performance across multiple governance and development indicators.
• India secured the 16th position, highlighting its growing global influence driven by rapid economic growth, digital transformation, strategic partnerships, and expanding diplomatic engagement.

Top 10 Most Influential Countries in the World – 2026

• The rankings evaluate countries based on factors such as:
• Economic influence
• Political stability
• International leadership
• Quality of governance
• Healthcare systems
• Transportation infrastructure
• Environmental policies
• Public participation
• India ranked 16th, reflecting its expanding role in global diplomacy, economic development, technological innovation, and multilateral cooperation.
• The United States retained the top position due to its dominance in technology, finance, defence, higher education, innovation, entertainment, and foreign policy.
• Europe maintained a strong presence, with six countries—United Kingdom, Germany, France, Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland—featured among the top 10.
• Japan ranked 5th, supported by its leadership in technology, manufacturing, innovation, and economic development.
• China secured the 9th position, reflecting its continued importance as one of the world's largest economies with significant geopolitical influence.

Madhya Pradesh Tops India in New Geographical Indication (GI) Registrations During Financial Year 2025–26

• India granted 125 new Geographical Indication (GI) registrations during Financial Year (FY) 2025–26, taking the total number of registered Geographical Indication (GI) products to 822.
• Madhya Pradesh emerged as the top state with 26 new Geographical Indication (GI) registrations, followed by West Bengal (24) and Himachal Pradesh (13).
• The rise in Geographical Indication (GI) registrations reflects growing efforts by states to protect traditional products, indigenous knowledge, handicrafts, agricultural produce, and cultural heritage while improving market access for farmers and artisans.

State-wise New Geographical Indication (GI) Registrations in Financial Year 2025–26

• Madhya Pradesh received Geographical Indication (GI) recognition for products such as Khajuraho Stone Craft, Betul Bharewa Metal Craft, Gwalior Paper Mache Craft, Gwalior Stone Craft, Sitahi Kutki, Nagdaman Kutki, Baigani Arhar, and Mahakoshal Chhatriya Chawal.
• West Bengal secured 24 new Geographical Indication (GI) registrations, including Jalbhara Sandesh, Janai Manohara, Santiniketan Batik, Santiniketan Ektara, Banglar Nolen Gur, Kanakchur Popped Rice, Krishnanagar Clay Dolls, Balagarh Traditional Wooden Boats, and Kolkata Jewellery, increasing the state's total to 59 registered Geographical Indication (GI) products.
• Jharkhand added 11 new Geographical Indication (GI) products, including Tussar Silk Sarees, Dokra Craft, Kuchai Silk Sarees, Bhagaiya Sarees, Dumka Chadar Badoni Puppets, Jadupatia Paintings, Tribal Jewellery, Bamboo Crafts, and Kesharia Kalakand.
• Among India's 822 registered Geographical Indication (GI) products, handicrafts account for about 53%, while agricultural products constitute around 31%, with the remaining comprising food, manufactured, and natural products.
• In terms of the highest cumulative Geographical Indication (GI) registrations, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal continue to lead the country.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: SPORTS NEWS

Neymar Jr. Announces Retirement from International Football After 2026 FIFA World Cup

• Brazilian football star Neymar Jr. announced his retirement from international football following Brazil's 2–1 defeat to Norway in the Round of 16 of the 2026 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup at MetLife Stadium.
• The announcement marked the end of a 16-year international career (2010–2026), during which Neymar became Brazil's all-time highest goalscorer in men's international football.
• Neymar's farewell came at the same stadium where he scored his first international goal for Brazil in 2010, making his international career come full circle.
• Neymar surpassed Pelé to become Brazil's highest goalscorer in men's international football.
• Major achievements with Brazil include:
• Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Confederations Cup Champion (2013)
• Olympic Gold Medal (Rio 2016), where he captained Brazil to its first Olympic football gold medal.
• Brazil's all-time leading men's international goalscorer with 80 goals.
• Neymar represented Brazil in four FIFA World Cups (2014, 2018, 2022, and 2026) but did not win the title.
• Despite missing a FIFA World Cup trophy, Neymar is regarded as one of the greatest footballers in Brazilian history, known for his goal-scoring ability, creativity, dribbling skills, vision, and leadership.

About Brazil

• Capital: Brasília
• President: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
• Currency: Brazilian Real

Vaibhav Sooryavanshi Becomes Youngest Player to Represent India in International Cricket

• Vaibhav Sooryavanshi became the youngest player to represent India in international cricket after making his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut against England at Old Trafford, Manchester.
• He made his debut at the age of 15 years and 99 days, surpassing the long-standing record of Sachin Tendulkar, who debuted for India at 16 years and 205 days in a Test match against Pakistan at Karachi in November 1989.
• With his debut, Vaibhav Sooryavanshi also became the youngest Indian men's Twenty20 International (T20I) cricketer.
• He surpassed the previous youngest Indian men's Twenty20 International (T20I) debutant Washington Sundar, who made his debut at 18 years and 80 days in 2017.
• Vaibhav Sooryavanshi also became the youngest player from a Full Member nation of the International Cricket Council (ICC) to debut in men's Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket.
• However, the overall record for the youngest men's Twenty20 International (T20I) debutant is held by Marian Gherasim of Romania, who debuted at 14 years and 16 days in 2020.
• Before Vaibhav Sooryavanshi, the record among International Cricket Council (ICC) Full Member nations was held by Joshua Little of Ireland, who made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut at 16 years and 309 days.

About International Cricket Council (ICC)

• Established: 1909
• Headquarters: Dubai, United Arab Emirates
• Chairman: Jay Shah
• Chief Executive Officer (CEO): Sanjog Gupta

Australia Wins Record Seventh International Cricket Council (ICC) Women's Twenty20 (T20) World Cup Title

• Australia defeated host nation England by 7 wickets in the International Cricket Council (ICC) Women's Twenty20 (T20) World Cup 2026 Final at the Lord's Cricket Ground, London to win a record seventh Women's T20 World Cup title.
• After being asked to bat first, England scored 150/4 in 20 overs, with captain Nat Sciver-Brunt remaining unbeaten on 58, while Freya Kemp contributed an unbeaten 44.
• Australia chased down the target by scoring 153/3 in 17.1 overs, completing the highest successful run chase in a Women's T20 World Cup final.
• Beth Mooney anchored the chase with an unbeaten 64 runs off 49 balls, while Phoebe Litchfield scored a quick 48 runs off 35 balls, adding a 100-run partnership for the second wicket.
• Beth Mooney was named the Player of the Match for her match-winning innings and also received the Player of the Tournament award after scoring 238 runs in seven matches.
• Australia remained unbeaten throughout the tournament and regained the Women's T20 World Cup title after winning the previous edition in 2023.

Daily CA One- Liner: July 7

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the CG Semi Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) Facility at Sanand, Gujarat, marking a major milestone in India's semiconductor manufacturing journey
• The Delhi Government has launched Mission Kayakalp, a comprehensive initiative to modernise the infrastructure of government schools and provide students with a safe, clean, inclusive, and technology-enabled learning environment
• India will chair the Ninth Session of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts (IGE) on Consumer Protection Law and Policy, organised by the United Nations Trade and Development
• India commemorated the 125th birth anniversary of Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee on 6 July 2026, honouring his contributions as a statesman, educationist, lawyer, parliamentarian, and nationalist leader
• The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) received the Gold Award at the National Awards for e-Governance 2026 under the category "Innovation through the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Other New Age Technologies to Deliver Citizen-Centric Services”
• India ranked 125th out of 197 countries in the Global Passport Index (GPI) 2026, published by Global Citizen Solutions
• According to the U.S. News & World Report 2026 global rankings, the United States has been ranked as the world's most influential country, reflecting its leadership in economic strength, military capability, diplomacy, innovation, and cultural influence
• India granted 125 new Geographical Indication (GI) registrations during Financial Year (FY) 2025–26, taking the total number of registered Geographical Indication (GI) products to 822
• Brazilian football star Neymar Jr. announced his retirement from international football following Brazil's 2–1 defeat to Norway in the Round of 16 of the 2026 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup at MetLife Stadium
• Vaibhav Sooryavanshi became the youngest player to represent India in international cricket after making his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut against England at Old Trafford, Manchester
• Australia defeated host nation England by 7 wickets in the International Cricket Council (ICC) Women's Twenty20 (T20) World Cup 2026 Final at the Lord's Cricket Ground, London to win a record seventh Women's T20 World Cup title.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed a combined monetary penalty of Rs. 66.7 lakh on Bank of Baroda (BoB) and GIC Housing Finance for non-compliance with regulatory directions.
• The Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a USD 230 million (approximately Rs. 1,920 crore) loan to modernise and expand Chennai’s water supply and sanitation infrastructure in Tamil Nadu (TN).
• Paytm Europe Payments S.A., the European arm of One97 Communications (Paytm), secured a Payment Institution (PI) Licence from Luxembourg’s financial regulator, Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF).
• Goods and Services Tax (GST) was launched on 1 July 2017 under the vision of "One Nation, One Tax", replacing 17 indirect taxes and 13 cesses with a unified indirect tax system.
• The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a United Nations (UN)-backed agency, launched the Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Good Global Commission in Geneva, Switzerland.
• Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi paid a 3-day official visit to India from 1–3 July 2026 at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to participate in the 16th India-Japan Annual Summit.
• Rear Admiral (Retd.) Chadrasekhran (C.) Raghuram assumed charge as the Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL) at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
• Keiko Fujimori, leader of the conservative Popular Force Party, was declared the winner of Peru’s 2026 Presidential Election after a closely contested runoff.
• General Dhiraj Seth assumed charge as the 31st Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) of the Indian Army (IA) and unveiled the ‘VIJAY’ roadmap to build a technology-driven, future-ready military force.
• AgniKul Cosmos Private Limited, an Indian private space startup, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with ICEYE, a Finland-based Earth observation company, to jointly develop an end-to-end Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Earth-observation ecosystem from India.
• Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) was launched in September 2021 by the Government of India to create an integrated, citizen-centric national digital health ecosystem.
• Researchers from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research–Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI) discovered a new deep-sea fish species named Cyttopsis indica (Indian dory).
• Astronomers discovered a hidden population of weakly active supermassive black holes in nearby galaxies using high-resolution radio observations, revealing black holes that were previously difficult to detect.